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Ch. 23 APUSH Flashcards

For anyone in AP US HISTORY ^_^

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287446384At the conclusion of the Civil War, General Ulysses S. Grantaccepted gifts of houses and money from citizens
287446385In the presidential election of 1868, Ulysses S. Grant owed his victory to the votes offormer slaves
287446386As a result of the Civil War, waste, extravagance, speculation, and graft reduced the moral stature ofthe Republic
287446387In the late nineteenth century, those political candidates who campaigned by "waving the bloody shirt" were reminding voters of the "treason" of the Confederate Democratsduring the Civil War
287446388Jim Fisk is least related to"Black Friday", Jay Gould, "Ohio Idea" and Wall Street gold market
287446389One weapon that was used to put Boss Tweed, leader of New York City's infamous Tweed Ring, in jail was the cartoons of the political satiristThomas Nast
287446390The Crédit Mobilier scandal involvedrailroad construction kickbacks
287446391In an attempt to avoid prosecution for their corrupt dealings, the owners of Crédit Mobilizer distributed shares of the company's valuable stock tokey congressman
287446392President Ulysses S. Grant was reelected in 1872 becausehis opponents chose a poor candidate for the presidency
287446393Match each politician below with the Republican political faction with which he was associatedA: Roscoe Conking- Stalwarts; B. James Blaine- "Half-Breeds"; C. Horace Greeley - Liberal Republicans; D. Ulysses Grant- Regular Republicans
287446394One cause of the panic that broke in 1872 wasthe construction of more factories than existing markets would bear
287446395As a solution to the panic or depression of 1873, debtors suggestedinflationary policies
287446396One result of Republican "hard money" policies was the formation ofthe Greenback Labor party
287446397Those who enjoyed a successful political career in the post-Civil War decades were usuallyparty loyalists
287446398During the Gilded Age, the Democrats and the Republicanshad few significant economic differences
287446399The presidential elections of the 1870s and 1880s aroused great interest amongvoters
287446400One reason for the extremely high voter turnouts and partisan fervor of the Gilded Age wassharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties
287446401During the Gilded Age, the lifeblood of both the Democratic and the Republican parties waspolitical patronage
287446402"Spoilsmen" was the label attached to those whoexpected government jobs from their party's elected officeholders
287446403The major problem in the 1876 presidential election centered on the two sets of election returns submitted byFlorida, South Carolina, and Louisiana
287446404The Compromise of 1877 resulted inthe withdrawal of federal troops from the South
287446405The sequence of presidential terms of the "forgettable presidents" of the Gilded Age(including Cleveland's two nonconsecutive terms) wasHayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison, Cleveland
287446406In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that"separate but equal" facilities were constitutional
287446407At the end of Reconstruction, Southern whites disenfranchised African Americans withliteracy requirements, poll taxes, economic intimidation, and grandfather clauses
287446408The legal codes that established the system of segregation were calledJim Crow laws
287446409The presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes opened withscenes of class warfare
287446410The railroad of 1877 started when the four largest railroadscut salaries by ten percent
287446411Labor unrest during the Hayes administration stemmed from the collapse of of thesteel industry
287447227Labor unrest in the 1870s and 1880s resulted in the use offederal troops during strikes
287447228In the wake of anti-Chinese violence in California, the United States Congress passed a law prohibitingthe immigration of Chinese laborers to America
287637026The following were internal developments in China that led to Chinese immigration into the United States:the disintegration of the Chinese Empire, the seizure of farmland by landlords, the intrusion of European powers, and internal political turmoil
287637027One of the main reasons that the Chinese came to the United States was todig for gold
287637028The Chinese word tong meansmeeting hall
287637029Abraham Lincoln was the first president tobe assassinated while in office
287637030James Garfield was the second president tobe assassinated while in office
287637031President James A. Garfield was assassinated by aderanged, disappointed office seeker
287637032The Pendleton Act required appointees to public office totake a competitive examination
287637033With the passage of the Pendleton Act, politicians now sought money frombig corporations
287637034The 1884 election contest between James G. Blaine and Grover Cleveland was noted for itspersonal attacks on the two candidates
287637035Grover Cleveland had a different political affiliation than otherGilded Age presidents
287637036When he was president, Grover Cleveland's hands-off approach to government gained the support ofbusinesspeople
287637037On the issue of the tariff, President Grover Cleveland advocated alower rate
287637038The major campaign issue of the 1888 presidential election wastariff policy
287637039In the latter decades of the nineteenth century, it was generally true thatthe locus of political power was Congress
287637040The "Billion-Dollar Congress" quickly disposed of rising government surpluses byexpanding pensions for Civil War veterans
287637041The four states completely carried by the Populists in the election of 1892 wereKansas, Colorado, Idaho, and Nevada
287637042The early Populist campaign to create a coalition of white and black farmers ended in a racist backlash thateliminated black voting in the South
287637043The political developments of the 1890s were largely shaped by themost severe and extended economic depression up to that time
287637044Economic unrest and the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act led to the rise of the pro-silver leaderWilliam Jennings Bryan
287637045President Grover Cleveland aroused widespread public anger by his action ofborrowing $65 million in gold from J.P. Morgan's banking syndicate
287637046The greatest political beneficiary of the backlash against President Cleveland in the Congressional elections of 1894 was theRepublicans

AP US History 2, Unit 2- The Gilded Age Flashcards

Politics and the Gilded Age, 1877-1900

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362474652Where does "The Gilded Age" come from?-By the novel of the same name from Mark Twain -Gilded: Looks gold and glitzy from the outside, but underneath cheap
362474653Major Themes of the Gilded Age-Industrialization -Concentration of wealth -Growth of cities -Party loyalty (strong basis of support)
362474654Major Issues of the Gilded Age-Money supply- paper v. coin -Civil service reform/corruption -Tariffs -Labor and farmers wanted a voice
362755527President Grant's Effects on the Gilded Age-He set up for the Gilded Age because of the many scandals that occurred in his office -Credit Mobilier, Whiskey Ring (bribery in the Treasury)
362755528Resumption Act-1875, under Grant -Redeem greenbacks in gold starting in 1879 -purpose was to stabilize the currency and economy -Affirms that paper money is worth something
362755529Tariffs-Major source of revenue for the government -Made prices on farm equipment and consumer goods increase -Benefits went to the manufacturers -Favored by the GOP
362755530Democratic Bases of Support during GIlded Age-Immigrants -Catholics -White South (civil war tension still exists) -Poor
362755531Republican Bases of Support during Gilded Age-Robber Barons -Wealthy -African Americans -Union Civil war Veterans -Wasps (typical Americans)
362755532Spoils System-Created by Andrew Jackson -Graft and corruption -Civil Service jobs: anyone who works for the government
362755533Boss Tweed-Ran political machine of Tammany Hall -Dispensed jobs for people who voted Democratic
362755534Why were immigrants important to the Spoils system?-They went along with the political bosses word -Got a job in return -Basically that was their goal
362755535Stalwarts v. Half-Breeds-This split in the Republican party occurred during Hayes' administration, 1877-1881 -Stalwarts: Conservative faction; Opposed Civil service reform; Liked protective tariff; Roscoe Conkling a famous Stalwart -Half-Breeds: Moderately liberal faction of the republican party; backed Hayes' "easy" treatment of the South; Supported civil service reform; James G. Blaine was the famous Half-Breed
362755536James A. Garfield-"Dark-horse" candidate of the Republican party -Settled on after 36 ballots in the convention -Supported the forms of reforms that the Half-Breeds advocated -Shot by Stalwart Charles Guiteau who wanted a job in return for his votes -Chester A Arthur (Stalwart) was VP -Garfield died from insanitation
362755537Pendelton Act-Under President Arthur, 1883 -Says one has to be qualified for a job inside the government, in the form of a test -Initially covered only 10% of civilian employees civil service jobs -However, now most are classified under this
362755538Election of 1884-Parties Involved: Democrats and Republicans -Candidates: Grover Cleveland (D) and James G. Blaine (R) -Cleveland wins -He was supported by Mugwumps (Republicans who voted Democratic) -Blaine was narrowly defeated
362755539President Cleveland-First democratic president since before the Civil War -Leader of the pro-business Bourbon Democrats who opposed high tariffs, Free Silver, inflation, imperialism and subsidies to business, farmers or veterans. -Battles for political reform and fiscal conservatism made him an icon for American conservatives of the era -Supported 'goldbug'
362787179Election of 1888-A lot of mudslinging -"Dirt" on Cleveland: He had a child out of wedlock -Harrison (R) and Cleveland (D) -Harrison wins -Tariff policy was big in this election -Cleveland wins popular vote, but not the presidency
362787180McKinley Tariff-1890 -Written by Mckinley while in Congress (President in 1896) -The tariff raised the average duty on imports to almost fifty percent, an act designed to protect domestic industries from foreign competition
362787181Cleveland, Term 2-Only president to have two non-consecutive terms in office -1893-1897
362787182Wilson-Gorman Tariff-1894 -Slightly reduced rates on the Mckinley tariff
362787183Panic of 1893-Was marked by the collapse of railroad overbuilding and shaky railroad which set off a series of bank failures -Farmers in wheat and cotton suffered from low prices -Silver's price fell
362787184Coxey's Army-Unemployed men marched to DC to draw attention to their poverty in 1894 -Lobby for the government to create jobs which would involve building roads and other public works improvements, with workers paid in paper currency which would expand the currency in circulation, consistent with populist ideology -Falls apart when leaders are arrested for trespassing
362787185Ways to disfranchise blacks-Literacy tests -Grandfather clauses (relative to 1860) -Poll Taxes -Simple intimidation -There is no longer the Union army in the South to enforce the laws
362787186Economic Power-Farm hands- most are sharecroppers or tenant farmers -Tenant farmer: paying rent so blacks could farm on someone else's land -Sharecropping: Rent land, get supplies; landlord gets 50-60% of the crop
362787187Segregation Laws-Dubbed "Jim Crow" laws -De jure: by law -De facto: by custom or tradition
362787188Lynching-A murder by a group of people in public -People taking law into their own hands -Often done with law enforcement -Influx of lynchings occurred during economic distress
362787189Ida Wells-Black women who wrote out against lynching -"Lynch Law in America"
362787190Booker T. Washington-Born a slave -Educated himself -Founded Tuskegee University (a vocational school) -Washington believed in being subservient and work the way up the ladder slowly -Referred to as "Uncle Tom"
362787191W.E.B DuBois-Born free, and into a fairly wealth family -Got a PhD from Harvard -Believed in asserting blacks rights -Felt Washington was living a fantasy -One of the founders of the NAACP
362787192Why were farm prices on the downward trend in the late 1800s?-There was better technology, overproduction, more supply than demand, and labor saving devices -Developed into the Populism movement to speak out about the plight of farmers
362787193What did farmers do to combat the decrease in prices?-The Grange Movement (Patrons of Husbandry) -Not as political as the later Alliance -A fraternal organization for American farmers that encourages farm families to band together for their common economic and political well-being
362787194Munn v. Illinois-Win for the Grange, as it upheld legislation proposed by them -Allowed states to regulate certain businesses within their borders, including railroads, and is commonly regarded as a milestone in the growth of federal government regulation -1877
362787195Wabash v. Illinois-Defeat for the Grange, 1886 -decision that severely limited the rights of states to control interstate commerce -It led to the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission -Stated that individual states could control trade in their states, but could not regulate railroads coming through them. Congress had exclusive jurisdiction over interstate commerce.
362787196Farmers Alliance-After Grange, more political -Liked cooperatives, graduated income tax, irrigation research, low tariff, nationalizing of the RR (socialist idea) -This alliance is what leads to the official Populist party, as candidates start running on alliance tickets
362787197People's Party-Alliance leaders that form this -First candidate is James Weaver in 1892, and the platform is the same ideals that the Alliance wanted -They lose, but get over 1,000,000 votes- shows the support from the west and the strength of the party
362787198Currency Issues?-At this tome, all the money was mostly backed by gold -People wanted to see it backed by both gold and silver
362787199Sherman Silver Purchase Act-1890 -Said that the Treasury will buy a certain amount of silver each month -Passed due to the miners interests and the continued complaints of farmers -Repealed by Cleveland in his second term
362787200Why back the paper money?-Farmers especially wanted it because the inflation from the coin inflates the dollar and brings prices up... Easier for farmers to repay their debts
362787201Election of 1896-Populist run William Jennings Bryan, but combine with the Democrats on the DEMOCRATIC TICKET -McKinley (R) is a goldbug and supported by Mark Hanna -Basically the election is elite men of business v. everyman -in the end, Bryan fails to get the votes of the urban poor -Populism declines after 1896
362787202Populist Platform-Unlimited coinage of silver -No gold standard -Direct election of senators -income tax -low tariff -limit foreign labor
362787203McKinley Platform-Hanna employed fear that Bryan was a radical -"Full Dinner Pail"- everyone wealthy -Supported by factory owners and businessmen
362787204Social Gospel-Idea that Christian had a duty to help the poor, urban people with the ways of Christ
362787205Frances Willard-Founded Women's Christian Temperance Movement -1879 -Her vision progressed to include federal aid to education, free school lunches, unions for workers, the eight-hour work day, work relief for the poor, municipal sanitation and boards of health, national transportation, strong anti-rape laws, and protections against child abuse
362787206"Genteel Culture"-Cultural movement in the British North American colonies where the wealthy publicly displayed their material wealth. -Very victorian -Mark Twain, Stephen Crane, Theodore Dreiser were realists who opposed this
362787207Jane Addams-Ran the famous settlement house, Hull House -Settlement House: An institution in an inner-city area providing educational, recreational, and other social services to the community
362787208Jacob Riis-Photographer who exposed the continuing poverty in NYC -"Muckracker" -Famous works include "How the Other Half Lives"
362787209Moral Purity Campaign-Movement that arose in the late nineteenth century pushing for reform against sin and immorality, such as liquor and prostitution
362787210Grand Army of the Republic-This organization was founded by former Union soldiers after the Civil War -It lobbied Congress for aid and pensions for former Union soldiers -A powerful lobbying influence within the Republican party.
362787211William Dean Howells-Wrote The Rise of Silas Lapham, and other works, in which he described what he considered the shallowness and corruption in ordinary American lifestyles.
362787212Frank Lloyd Wright-Influential United States architect (1869-1959)
362787213Ragtime-A type of music featuring melodies with shifting accents over a steady, marching-band beat; originated among black musicians in the south and midwest in the 1880s
362787214Ashcan School-The early-twentieth-century school of artists supported progressive political and social reform. They turned to city streets, the slums, and the working class for subject matter
362787215Bland-Allison Act-1878 - Authorized coinage of a limited number of silver dollars and "silver certificate" paper money. First of several government subsidies to silver producers in depression periods. -Required government to buy between $2 and $4 million worth of silver. Created a partial dual coinage system referred to as "limping bimetallism." Repealed in 1900.
362787216Dingley Tariff-Passed in 1897, the highest protective tariff in U.S. history with an average duty of 57%. It replaced the Wilson - Gorman Tariff, and was replaced by the Payne - Aldrich Tariff in 1909. -It was pushed through by big Northern industries and businesses.

Campbell Biology 9th Edition - Chapter 5 Flashcards

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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422024001macromoleculesfour main classes of large biological molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids)0
422024002polymerlarge molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together1
422024003monomera simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers2
422024004enzymesproteins that act as biological catalysts3
422024005dehydration reactionA chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.4
422024006hydrolysisa chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water5
423143107carbohydratescompound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body6
423143108aldosea monosaccharide sugar that contains the aldehyde group or is hemiacetal7
423143109ketoseany monosaccharide sugar that contains a ketone group or its hemiacetal8
423143110disaccharidea sugar formed from two monosaccharides9
423143111glycosidic linkagea covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction10
423143112polysaccharideany of a class of carbohydrates whose molecules contain chains of monosaccharide molecules11
423143113starcha complex carbohydrate found chiefly in plants12
423143114amyloseunbranched form of starch, connected by alpha 1-4 linkages13
423143115amylopectinbranched form of starch, connected by alpha 1-6 linkages14
423143116glycogenan extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch15
423143117cellulosepolysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that reinforces plant-cell walls, never branched and has beta linkages16
423143118chitincomplex carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of fungi; also found in the external skeletons of arthropods17
423143119lipidsenergy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, hydrophobic18
423143120fatconstructed from glycerol and fatty acids19
423143121fatty acidsunbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids20
423143122triglycerideA type of lipid in which the macromolecule is composed of three molecules of fatty acids joined to a glycerol molecule21
423159564trans fatthe fat that results when unsaturated fats are synthetically converted to saturated fats to prevent the separation of lipids (margarine and peanut butter are examples); this process produces saturated fats and unsaturated fats with trans double bonds22
423159565phospholipidsA molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail.23
423159566steroidslipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings24
423159567cholesterolA steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids, synthesized in the liver and obtained from diet25
423159568catalystssubstance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not used up itself or permanently changed26
423159569proteinscontains carbon, hydrogen, oxyge, and nitrogen. source of energy. needed by tissue for repair and growth. made up of 20 amino acids.27
423159570polypeptidespolymers of amino acids28
423159571amino acidsbuilding blocks of proteins29
423159572peptide bondthe chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid30
423159573primary structureThe level of protein structure referring to the specific sequence of amino acids.31
423159574secondary structureRegions stabilized by hydrogen bonds between atoms of the polypeptide backbone, alpha helix or beta pleated sheet32
423159575tertiary structurethe overall, three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide due to interactions of the side chains33
423159576quaternary structureAssociation of multiple polypeptides, forming a functional protein34
423159577disulfide bridgesStrong covalent bonds formed when the sulfur of one cysteine monomer bonds to the sulfur of another cysteine monomer35
423159578collagenA protein fiber with a unique triple-helix that gives it great strength. e.g. bone, tendons, ligaments, etc.36
423159579sickle cell anemiaA human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.37
423159580chaperoninsprotein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins38
423159581genea segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain39
423159582nucleic acidmacromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus40
423159583DNAdouble stranded and shaped like a double helix, stores hereditary information41
423159584RNAsingle-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose, various functions during gene expression, including carrying instructions from DNA to ribosomes42
423159585nucleotidesBasic units of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of 4 DNA bases43
423159586pyrimidinea nitrogenous base that has a single-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; thymine, cytosine, or uracil44
423159587purinenitrogeneous bases that have a double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms such as adenine and guanine, a nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; either adenine or guanine45

Histroy Test Chapter 9 Flashcards

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137526899InagurationThe ceremony that officially marks the beginning of a president's term in office. Always starts precisely at noon. The president places his left hand on the Bible and raises his right hand to take the oath of office.
137526900Cabineta group of advisors that help the president with his responsibilities.
137526901Excise TaxA tax paid for the manufacturing and/or sale of certain services and goods.
137526902National Bank- A bank that holds the tax money that the government collects, and would be responsible for handling financial transactions.
137526903Federalist PartyEven after Washington's attempt to avoid political parties, groups still formed around Hamilton and Jefferson. This party supported Hamilton was called what?
137526904Democratic-Republican PartyThis was the group supported Jefferson.
137526905Whiskey RebellionAt one point when there was a shortage of money and people desired whiskey, people used whiskey in place of money. But the tax that was placed on whiskey made the peoples exchange inconvenient since they had no money to pay the tax. So they refused to pay the tax. So they would be arrested and went to a federal court for trial. But when a federal marshal went to serve papers to those who had not paid their tax, he was tarred and feathered. Eventually Washington sent militia to stop the violence.
137526906Anthony WayneAfter several failed attempt to stop Indian attacks, this man, granted a hero, defeated a group of these Indians and their allies at Fallen Timbers near modern Toledo.
137526907Fallen TimbersThis is the place where Anthony Wayne defeated a group if Indians and their allies to stop their attacks. Located near Toledo.
137526908Neutrality ProclamationIn the French Revolution, this is the proclamation that Washington issued to urge American citizens to be impartial toward all foreign foes that may get America involved in foreign wars.
137526909Edmond Charles GenetThis French citizen seeked American help in the French Revolution.
137526910ImpressmentWhen one country seizes another countries ships and forces the sailors of the captured ships to serve the other country.
137526911Jay TreatyJohn Jay created this peace treaty with Britain to avoid war by agreeing to limit trade with their enemy, France, and to pay the debts to the British citizens that America owed.
137526912Pinckney TreatyThe treaty that to resolve the issue that Spain controlled Florida and temporary control of the Louisiana Territory. This treaty was very popular and made Thomas Pinckney an instant hero.
137526913John AdamsThe president that went into office after Washington. Had Jefferson as his Vice President, even though they were both from different parties.
137526914XYZ AffairAfter 300 American cargo chips had their cargo removed by the French, President John Adams sent John Marshal, Eldridge Gerry, and C.C. Pickney so they could settle the problem. But after arriving in France, The French Minister Talleyrand refused to see them for nine months. Even then, he didn't talk to the three men in person, He sent three men to meet them. The three men asked for a $250,000 bribe for each of them and a $12 million loan to settle the dispute. The American men refused and returned to break the news to Adams, who was furious. So then a quasi-war (almost war) stared when French and American fired at each other. Then Napoleon takes over the French government and Adams settles the problem with him, avoiding war. 1797
137526915Convention of 1800This was the agreement that Adams settled with Napoleon concerning the XYZ affair. Even though he did not get Napoleon to pay back the damages from his American ship, the agreement created peace, avoiding war.
137526916Alien and Sediton ActsThe four laws passed by the Federalists, against Adams wishes. These laws were pretty much made just to destroy the Democratic Party. The four acts were called the Naturlization Acts, Alien Act, Alien Enemy Act, Sedition Act
137526917Virginia and Kentucky ResolutionRepublicans James Madison and Thomas Jefferson wrote this to nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts.
137526918Nullificationthe act of declaring void any federal law with in its boundaries
137526919Aaron Burrwas Vice President under Thomas Jefferson.
137526920John Marshallwas appointed by John Adams to be chief justice of Supreme Court.
137526921The Midnight JudgesThe judges that were appointed by John Adams concerning the Judiciary Act of 1801. They are called this because Adams picked them late the night before he left office.
137526922Marbury v. MadisonWilliam Marbury was one of the judges that Adams appointed. But his commission of his job was not delivered to him before Adams left office, and Madison refused to release it. Then Marbury sued for his job.
137526923Judicial ReviewThe power for the court to decide whether a law is Constitutional or not.

US History II- 22: The Ordeal of Reconstruction Flashcards

US History II American Pageant 7th ed Chapter 22

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308640705Andrew Johnson _______all "rebel" leaderspardoned in 1868 Congress removed civil disabilities 1898 (30 years later) Davis only in prison 2 years, no treason trial held.
308640706South after warBroken Economic life creaked to halt. Transportation system broken down completely. Agriculture-crippled Slave-labor system collapsed
308640707Attitude of many southernsView of secession was correct and "lost cause" was a just war.
308640708Many blacks found selvesFreed and then re-enslaved when union troops left
3086407091863Lincoln announces 10 percent reconstruction plan
3086407101864Lincoln vetoes Wade-Davis bill
3086407111865Lincoln assassinated Johnson issues Reconstruction proclamation. Congress refuses to seat Southern Congressmen. Freedmen's Bureau established Southern states pass Black Codes.
3086407121866Congress passes Civil Rights bill over Johnson's veto. Cognress passes 14th amendment Johnson backed candidates lose congressional election. Ex parte Milligan case. Ku Klux Klan formed
3086407131867Reconstruction Act Tenure of Office Act. US purchases Alaska from Russia
3086407141868Johnson impeached and acquitted. Johnson pardons confederate leaders
308640715187015th amendment
3086407161870-1871Force Acts
3086407171872Freedmen's Bureau ended
3086407181877Reconstruction ends
308640719Tens of thousands of emancipated blacksTook to roads to test freedom, some searching for family Whole communities moved together in search of opportunity. 1878-1880 about 25k blacks from Lousiania, Texas, and Mississippi surged in a mass exodus to Kansas
308640720Church becameFocus of black community life in years following emancipation.
308640721Black churchesGrew robustly
308640722Mutual aid societiesSelf-help groups to aid sick or injured workers Rose from black churches
308640723Former slaves skillsWoefully inadequate to deal with every day life No education Could not handle financies Solution: Congress created Freedmen's Bureau 1865
308640724Freedmen's Bureau 1865Intended to be a kind of primitive welfare agency. Provide food, clothing, education to freedmen and to white refugees. Authorized to distribute up to 40 acres of abandoned or confiscated land to black settlers. Headed by General O. O Howard (founder of Howard Univ) Taught 200k blacks how to read Little confiscated Confederate land actually passed into black hands. Andrew Johnson tried to kill Bureau many times.
308640725Women from NorthWere enthusiastic to be teachers in south and teach in Freedmen's Bureau schools
308640726Andrew John-Born to impoverished parents in N Carolina, orphaned early -Apprenticed to tailor at 10 -Taught self school -Elected to Congress, refused to secede with Tennessee. -Appointed war governor of Tennessee after it was partially liberated by army -Southerner who did not understand North. Not trusted by South. -Democrat pushed into Republican White House.
30864072710% PlanThis was Lincoln's reconstruction plan for after the Civil War. Written in 1863, it proclaimed that a state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10% of its voters in the 1860 election pledged their allegiance to the U.S. and pledged to abide by emancipation, and then formally erect their state governments. This plan was very lenient to the South, would have meant an easy reconstruction.
3086407281864 Wade-Davis billCongress's reaction -South occupied with military government -50% oath & for office, 2nd iron-clad oath -Accept Black suffrage & 13th Amendment Lincoln pocket vetoed Episode revealed differences among Moderate and Radical Republicans
308640729John grantedpardons in abundance
308640730Black Codes-forbade black to serve on jury or vote -Some barred blacks from renting or leasing land
308640731SharecropperA person who works fields rented from a landowner and pays the rent and repays loans by turning over to the landowner a share of the crops.
308690542Johnson speechesInept, yelled at crowds. Led to 2/3 Republican representation in congress.
308690543Reconstruction Act-Congress passed in 1867 -Divided South into 5 military districts, each commanded by Union General -States had to ratify 14th Amendment to get into Union.
308690544Women after reconstructionDid not get right to vote
308690545ScalawagA white Southerner who supported Republican reconstruction after the Civil War
308690546CarpetbaggerA Northerner who moved to the South after the Civil War; hence, any politician who relocates for political advantage. -Most were former Union soldiers and Northern businessmen and professionals who wanted to play a role in modernizing the "New South"
308690547Union LeagueOrganized by Southern Black men -Network of political clubs that educated members in their civic duties and campaigned for Republican candidates. -Expanded to building churches and schools. -Representing black grievances before employers and governments, and recruiting militias to protect black communities from white retaliation.
308690548Ku Klux Klan"Invisible Empire of the South" Founded in Tennessee 1866
308690549Tenure of Office ActRequired President to secure consent of Senate before removing cabinet members -Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, holdover from Lincoln. Stanton was secretly serving as a spy and informer for the radicals. Johnson removed Stanton which allowed radicals to impeach him. Senate did not get 2/3 votes it needed to successfully impeach. Margin 1 vote. 7 Republicans did not vote against him.
308690550Secretary of State William SewardBought Alaska for 7.2 million from Russia Northerners felt obliged to buy it.
308690551After Reconstruction in Southbitterness Almost no republican presence for 100 years.

Chapter 20: Griding for War: The North and the South Flashcards

Pageant chapter 20 key terms, people, events, etc.
1861-1865

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391887223Fort SumterOn April 12, 1861 shots were fired onto this base in South Carolina officially starting the Civil War
391887224border statesThe states of Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware and West Virginia were this during this during the Civil War
391887225seceded statesStates that left the Union. South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee
391887226General Robert E. LeeThe general put into place by Davis for the Confederate States
391887227Stonewall JacksonLee's chief lieutenant for the Confederate Army
391887228Ulysses S. GrantThe general put into place by Lincoln for the Union Army
391887229Uncle Tom's CabinA very influencial book that exposed slavery to many northerners
391887230Trent AffairA Union warship stopped this British mailship and forced two Confederate diplomats off of the ship
391887231Napoleon III of FranceThis leader of France took advantage of the Civil War and occupied Mexico City
391887232Jefferson DavisThe president of the Confederate States
391887233Abraham LincolnThe president of the Union during the Civil War
391887234The New York City Draft RiotsA protest to the draft that was ended by Federal troops shooting upon the riot
391887235Morrill Tariff ActThis increased duties from 5 to 10 percent
391887236The National Banking SystemLaunched in 1863 and was designed to establish a standard bank-note currency
391887237King CottonThe nickname for the South because of there vast growth of this crop
391887238Fifty- NinersThe discovery of petroleum led to this in Pennsylvania
391887239Dorothea Dixsuperintendent of nurses for the Union Army
391887240Sally Tompkinsran a Richmond infirmary for wounded Confederate soldiers and was awarded the rank of captain.
391887241William H. SewardSecretary of State under Lincoln for the Union
391887242conscriptionthe forced draft of individuals. Both the Union and the Confederacy used this during the Civil War
391887243Captains of IndustryThe nickname given to the North around the Civil War because of their capitalistic tendencies
391887244Civil WarThe war between the Union and the Confederate States that lasted from 1861-1865
391887245runaway inflationwhat happened in the South During the Civil War as a result of the poorly backed tresury notes

Anthropology - Magic, witchcraft, and religion midterm Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
503685294What is Religion?set of beliefs and practices pertaining to supernatural beings or forces
503685295Supernaturala force or existence that transcends the natural
503685296what is magic?a ritual practice believed to compel the supernatural to act in a desired way
503685297what is witchcraft?evil power inherent in certain individuals that permits them, without the use of magical charms or paraphernalia, to do harm or cause misfortune for others
503685298what is emic approach?is the approach of the insider. insider may not view things the same way as the outsider does
503685299what is etic approach?is the outsider looking in.
503685300unilineal evolutionthe idea that each culture goes through the same stages of primitive to advanced (superstition to monotheism)
503685301animismbelief in spirit beings
503685302animatismbelief in impersonal supernatural forces like the power of a rabbits foot, knocking on wood etc.
504055786What is Anthropology?the study of people, human culture, evolutionary aspects of human bio. Includes cultural, archaeological and physical
504055787What are the fields of Anthropology1. cultural 2. linguistic 3. archaeological 4. biological/physical
504055788cultural anthropologythe study of human culture. It is about the societies, both historic and current, and how they behave around each other
504055789Archaelogyis the scientific study of past cultures and the way people lived based on the things they left behind. Culture is the shared ways of life learned by a group of people, including their language, religion, technology, and values.
504055790Linguistic Anthropologylook at culture through language and attempts to understand underlying cognitive processes through the use and structure of language and body language
504055791Physical Anthropologystudy of evolution through human biology
504055792Primatologystudy of primates
504055793ethnologystudy of nonhuman behavior
504055794Paleoanthropologyhuman evolutionary studies; the study or origins and predecessors of human beings
504055795GenticsIs the field of biology devoted to understanding how characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring.
504055796Paleopathologythe study of disease of former times (as inferred from fossil evidence)
504055797OsteologyThe study of the bones and the disorders and diseases of the skeletal system
504055798emicapproach of studying a culture's behavior from the perspective of an insider (inside their own culture)
504055799eticapproach of studying a culture's behavior from the perspective of an outsider (looking at a different culture from yourself)
504055800empirical approachA study conducted via careful observations and scientifically based research.
504055801hypothesisan educated guess that requires verification
504055802theorypartially proven idea, well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations
504177062ManaAn impersonal supernatural force that flows in and out of people and objects. Ex. luck , charismatic power

Introduction to Medical Terms Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
78686483algiapain, painful condition
78686484dyspainful
78686485ectomycutting out
78686486hypertoo much
78686487hypounder, below
78686488itisyou all go
78686489osisstate
78686490ostomyopening
78686491otomycutting into
78686492plastyshape
79614684rrhageBLEEDING
79614685rrhaphySuture In place
79614686rrheato run
79614687rrhexisbreak
79614688sclerosishardness
79614689a-, an-without, lacking, deficient, not
79614690ad-, af-toward, to, near
79614691ambi-, ampho-, amphi-both, double
79614692ana-up, toward, apart
79614693andro-man
79614694anti-, ant-against, opposing, preventing
79614695ap-, apo-separation from, derived from
79756478brachy-short
79756479brady-slow
79756480cata-down, under, lower, against
79756481circum-around
79756482co-, com-, con-with, together
79756483contra-against, opposed
79756484de-down, from
79756485dextro-to the right
79756486dia-through, between, apart, across
79756487dextro-to the right
79756488dia-through, between, apart, across
79756489dis-apart, free from
79756490dorso-to the back
79756491dys-difficult
79756492e-, ec-, ef-, ex-out of from, away from
79756493ect-, ecto-, exo-outside of
79756494em-, en-, eso-in, into, within
79756495end-, endo-, ent-, ento-within, inside
79756496ep-, epi-upon, on, over
79756497eu-normal, good, healthy
79756498extra-,extro-outside of, beyond, outward
79756499gyn-, gyno-woman, female
79756500hemi-half, partial
79756501hetero-different, other
79756502hyper-excessive, above, beyond
79756503hyp-, hypo-under, beneath,deficient
79756504im-, in-in, into, within, not
79756505infra-below, beneath
79756506inter-between
79756507intra-, intro-within, into
79756508mal-bad, abnormal
79756509mega-, megalo-lage,big
79940524mega-, megalo-middle
79940525meta-change
79940526micr-, micro-small
79940527mult-, multi-many
79940528neo-new, recent
79940529noso-disease
79940530oligo-little, few
79940531pan-all, entire
79940532para-beside, beyond, after
79940533per-through, excessive
79940534peri-around,surrounding
79940535poly-many, much, excessive
79940536post-after,behind
79940537pre-, pro-before, in front of
79940538pseud-, pseudo-false
79940539pyo-pus
79940540pyro-fire
79940541re-, retro-backward, behind,again
79940542semi-half
79940543steno-narrow
79940544sub-under, below, beneath
79940545super-, supra-above, excess, superior
79940546sym-, suyn-together, with
79940547tachy-fast
79940548telo-end
79940549therm-heat
79940550trans-across, through, beyond
79940551ultra-beyond, excess
79940552xero-dry
79940553albus-white
79940554chloro-green
79940555cirrhos-orange yellow
79940556cyano-blue
79940557erythro-red
79940558leuko-white
79940559melano-black
79940560polio-gray
79940561porphyro-purple
79940562rhodo-red
79940563xantho-yellow
79940564mulli-none
79940565haplo-single
79940566mon-, mono-one
79940567bi-,di-, dipl-two, double, twice
79940568tri-three
79940569quadri-, tetrafour
79940570penta-five
79940571hex-, sex-six
79940572octo-,octa-eight
79940573nona-nine
79940574deci-ten
81892567abdomen, abdominal cavity:Cavity that contains the major organs of digestion.
81892568abdominopelvic cavity:Cavity that contains the organs of digestion and reproduction & exocrine.
81892569anatomy:The study of the structures of the body.
81892570anterior:Situated in the front.
81892571caudal:Toward the feet; toward the tail.
81892572cephalic: Toward the head...
81892573coronal: Head or crown...
81892574distal:Farthest from the midline
81892575dorsal: Refers to the back of the body...
81892576hypogastric: Below the stomach...
81892577iliac: The hipbone...
81892578inguinal: The groin...
81892579lumbar: Toward the curve of the spine; lower back...
81892580midsaggital plane: Divides the body into equal right & left halves...
81892581physiology: The study of the functions of 2. abdominopelvic cavity: Cavity that contains the organs of digestion and reproduction & exocrine.body structures...
81892582posterior:Toward the back
81892583proximal:Situated nearest the midline
81892584retroperitoneal:Behind the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity
81892585saggital:Divides the body into unequal right & left halves
81892586thoracic:The chest cavity that protects the heart and lungs
81892587transverse:Divides the body into upper and lower halves
81892588umbilical: Navel; belly button...
81892589ventral: Refers to the front side or belly side of the body...
81892590anatomic reference system: Standing up, facing forward, arms at sides, & palms outward....
81892591superior: Uppermost, above, toward the head...
81892592inferior:Lowermost, below, toward the feet
81892593medial:The direction toward or nearer the midline
81892594lateral:The direction toward or nearer the side and away from the midline
81892595bilateral: Having two sides...
81892596peritoneum: The membrane that protects and supports the abdominal organs....

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