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AP Chemistry Chapter 11: Intermolecular Forces Flashcards

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258904963ion-dipole forceintermolecular force existing between an ion and the partial charge on the end of a polar molecule
258904964ion-dipole forces occur between an ______ and the partial charge on the end of a _________.ion, polar molecule
258904965The magnitude of attraction increases as either the ___________ or the __________ increases.charge of the ion, magnitude of the dipole moment
258904966All intermolecular forces tend to be less than ___________ percent as strong as covalent or ionic bonds.15
258904967dipole-dipole forcesintermolecular force existing when a neutral polar molecules attracts each other when the positive end of one molecule is near the negative end of another
258904968Dipole-dipole forces are effective only when __________ are very close together.polar molecules
258904969Dipole-dipole forces are generally __________ than ion-dipole forces.weaker
258904970For molecules of approximately equal mass and size, the strengths of intermolecular attractions _____ with increasing _________.increase, polarity
258904971Boiling point __________ as the dipole moment _______.increases, increases
258904972London dispersion forceintermolecular force when the temporary dipole on one non polar atom can induce a similar temporary dipole on an adjacent non-polar atom, causing the atoms to be attracted to each other
258904973polarizabilitythe ease with which the electron distribution in a molecule is distorted
258904974More polarizable molecules have _______ dispersion forces.stronger
258904975Dispersion forces tend to _____ in strength with _________ molecular weight.increase, increasing
258904976When the molecules of two substances differ widely in molecular weights, __________ __________ tend to be decisive in determining which substance has the stronger intermolecular attractions.dispersion forces
258904977hydrogen bondinga special type of intermolecular attraction between the hydrogen atom in a polar bond (particularly an H-F, H-O, or H-N bond) and an unshared electron pair on a nearby small electronegative ion or atom (usually an F, O, or N atom in another molecule)
258904978Because the electron-poor hydrogen is so small, it can approach an ________ atom very closely and thus interact _____ with it.electronegative, strongly
258904979viscositythe resistance of a liquid to flow
258904980Viscosity depends on the _________ __________ between molecules and on whether ______ ______ exist that can cause the molecules to become entangled.attractive forces, structural features
258904981surface tensionthe energy required to increase the surface area of a lquid by a unit amount
258904982As temperature _________, viscosity ________ and surface tension __________.increases, decreases, decreases
258904983As intermolecular forces of attraction become ______, viscosity ________ and surface tension __________.stronger, increase, increase
258904984cohesive forcesintermolecular forces that bind similar molecules to one another, such as the hydrogen bonding in water
258904985adhesive forcesintermolecular forces that bind a substance to a surface
258904986meniscusu-shaped curved upper surface of water that results from the adhesive forces between the water and the glass that are greater than the cohesive forces between water molecules
258904987capillary actionthe rise of liquids up very narrow tubes
258904988The adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the tube tend to ________ the surface area of the liquid.increase
258904989The surface tension of the liquid tends to ______ the area, thereby pulling the liquid _____ the tube.reduce, up
258904990Do the viscosity and surface tension of a substance reflect adhesive forces or cohesive forces of attraction?cohesive
258904991phase changestransformations from one state of matter to another
258904992heat of fusion (enthalpy of fusion)energy required to cause molecules of solid to move into the liquid state
258904993Heat of vaporization values tend to be ______ than heat of fusion values because in the transition from the _____ to the _____ state, the molecules must essentially sever all their intermolecular attractive interactions; whereas in melting, many of these attractive interactions remain.larger, liquid, vapor
258904994heat of vaporization (enthalpy of vaporization)energy required to cause the molecules of the liquid to move into the gaseous state
258904995Heat of freezing is _____________.exothermic
258904996Heat of deposition is ___________.exothermic
258904997heat of sublimationenthalpy change required for molecules of a solid to be transformed directly into the gaseous state
258904998supercoolingremoving heat from a liquid so we can temporarily cool it below its freezing point without forming a solid; occurs when heat is removed from a liquid so rapidly that the molecules literally have no time to assume the ordered structure of a solid; unstable
258904999critical pressurepressure required to bring about liquefaction at critical temperature
258905000critical temperaturethe highest temperature at which a distinct liquid phase can form
258905001Nonpolar, low molecular weight substance tend to have ______ intermolecular attractions and ____ critical temperatures and pressures than those that are polar or of higher molecular weight.weak, lower
258905002vapor pressurethe pressure of the vapor of the substance
258905003dynamic equilibriumcondition in which two opposing forces are occurring simultaneously at equal rates
258905004The ______ of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its vapor when the liquid and vapor states are in ______ _______.vapor pressure, dynamic equilibrium
258905005volatileliquids that evaporate readily
258905006Substances with ______ vapor pressure evaporate ______ _______ than substances with ____ vapor pressure.high, more quickly, low
258905007Hot water evaporates ____ ______ than cold water because _____ ______ increases with increasing temperature.more quickly, vapor pressure
258905008normal boiling pointboiling point of a liquid at 1 atm
258905009Higher ________ causes water to boil at a _______ temperature, thereby allowing the food to get hotter and to cook more rapidly.pressure, higher
258905010The atmospheric pressure is _____ at higher altitudes, so water boils at a _____ temperature.lower, lower
258905011phase diagrama graphical way to summarize the conditions under which equilibria exist between the different states of matter
258905012The line from A to B is thevapor-pressure curve of the liquid.
258905013critical point (B)the critical temperature and pressure of the substance; beyond it, the liquid and gas phases become indistinguishable from each other
258905014line AC represents thevariation in the vapor pressure of the solid as it sublimes at different temperatures
258905015line AD represents thechange in melting point of the solid with increasing pressure
258905016Line AD usually slopes to the ______ because for most substances the _____ form is denser than the _____ form.right, solid, liquid
258905017the melting point of a substance is identical to thefreezing point
258905018normal melting pointmelting point at 1 atm
258905019triple point (A)where all three curves intersect; all three phases are in equilibrium at this temperature and pressure
258905020crystalline solidsatoms, ions, or molecules are ordered in well-defined arrangements with flat aces in definite angles
258905021amorphous solidsa solid whose particles have no orderly structure, well-defined faces, or shapes and whose mixture of molecules do not stack well together
258905022Quartz is a(n)crystalline solid.
258905023Diamond is a(n)crystalline solid.
258905024Rubber is a(n)amorphous solid.
258905025Glass is a(n)amorphous solid.
258905026unit cellrepeating unit of a solid, the crystalline "brick
258905027crystal latticethree-dimensional array of points
258905028lattice pointeach point in the lattice which represents an identical environment within the solid
258905029primitive cubic (or simple cubic)unit cell in which the lattice points are at the corners only
258905030body-centered cubicunit cell in which a lattice point occurs at the corners and at the center of the unit cell
258905031face-centered cubicunit cell in which there are lattice points at the center of each face as well as at each corner
258905032parallelepipedssix-sided figures whose faces are parallelograms
258905033hexagonal close packingif the spheres of the third layer are place in line with those of the first layer
258905034cubic close packingif the spheres of the third layer can be placed so they do not sit above the spheres in the first layer
258905035coordination numberthe number of particles immediately surrounding a particle in the crystal structure
258905036In both ______ close packing and ______ close packing, _____ percent of the total volume of the structure is occupied by ______ and ______ percent is empty space between the spheres.hexagonal, cubic, 74, 26
258905037In primitive cubic structure, the coordination number is ______ and only _____ percent of the space is occupied6, 52
258905038When unequal-sized spheres are packed in a lattice, the larger particles sometimes assume one of the _________ arrangements, with the smaller particles occupying the _____ between the larger spheres.close-packed, holes
258905039The higher the _________, the _______ the packing efficiency.coordination number, greater
258905040molecular solidssolids consisting of atoms or molecules held together by (weak) intermolecular forces; soft, low melting pints, mostly gases/liquids at room temperature
258905041Ar is amolecular solid.
258905042H20 is amolecular solid.
258905043CO2 is amolecular solid.
258905044The properties of molecular solids depend not only on the __________ of the forces that exist between the molecules, but also on the abilities of the molecules to ________ efficiently in three dimensions.strengths, pack
258905045diffractionwhen light waves pass through a narrow slit, they are scattered in such a way that the wave seems to spread out
258905046array detectordevice analogous to that used in digital cameras to capture and measure the intensities of diffracted rays
258905047covalent-network solidssolids consisting of atoms held together in large networks or chains by covalent bonds; hard, high melting points
258905048Diamond is acovalent-network solid.
258905049Graphite is acovalent-network solid.
258905050Two allotropes of carbon arecovalent-network solids.
258905051Quartz is acovalent-network solid.
258905052The interconnected three-dimensional array of strong ______-_______ bonds contributes to diamonds's unusual hardness.carbon-carbon
258905053In graphite, the carbon atoms are arranged in layers of interconnected _____ _____.hexagonal rings
258905054Electrons move freely through the ______ orbitals, making graphite a good ______ of _____ along the layersdelocalized, conductor, electricity
258905055ionic solidssolids consisting of ions held together by bonds
258905056The strength of an ionic bond depends greatly on the ______ of the ______.charges, ions
258905057The structure adopted by an ionic solid depends largely on the ____ and the relative _____ of the ions.charges, sizes
258905058metallic solidssolids consisting entirely of metal atoms
258905059Metallic solids usually have a _________ close-pakced, _____ close-pakced, or ________ cubic structures.hexagonal, cubic, body-centered
258905060Bonding in metals is too strong to be due to ______ forces, and yet there are not enough valence electrons for ordinary ____ bonds between atoms; the bonding is due to valence electrons that are ______ throughout the entire solid.London-dispersion, covalent, delocalized
258905061The strength of the bonding _______ as the number of electrons available for bonding ______.increases, increases
258905062In both cubic close packing and hexagonal close packing, each sphere has a coordination number of ______.12
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The colonies and the French and Indian War test study guide Flashcards

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96647283Why was the French and Indian War a "world war"?Because it was fought on two continents
96647284What was the Great Awakening?A powerful religious revival that swept over the colonies beginning in the 1720s. Jonathan Edwards was the most famous preacher of this time period.
96647285What were the Salem Witch Trials?Trials in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692 that led to the death of twenty people after several young girls accused others of practicing witchcraft.
96647286Who was John Peter Zenger?An editor of a newspaper who questioned the policies of the government of New York. Zenger was jailed, and he went to trail and was found NOT guilty. The significance-helped established freedom of the press.
96647287What was Fort Necessity?The small fort in Ohio Valley established by George Washington
96647288Where was George Washington's first command?Ohio Valley
96647289How did Native-Americans help the French?By raiding the British settlements
96647290What was New England's gold?Codfish
96647291The first whites to oppose slavery were?The Quakers of Pennsylvania
96647292Know the following dates.Date Why is the date important? 1763 The French and Indian War ended 1754 The French and Indian War began 1732 Georgia, the last colony was settled 1649-1660 The Puritans, under Oliver Cromwell, controlled England 1620 Plymouth was founded by the Pilgrims 1607 Jamestown, Virginia was founded 1588 Spanish Armada-Spanish is defeated by England 1492 Columbus discovered America
96945969What was the New Albany Plan of Union?Proposed by Benjamin Franklin. Called for a general government for all the American colonies.
96945970How many colonists were killed in King Philip's war?600 colonists were killed
96945971What were major foreign powers in America in 1700?France and Great Britain
96945972What were the Navigation Acts?Because of Triangle Trade in which England made no money, England enforced mercantilism by passing the Navigation Acts. They were the following: 1. that the colonies could only buy English made products 2. only English or colonial ships could be used in transporting goods 3. English tax officials were to collect duties or taxes on any colonial goods that were not being shipped to England
96945973What was the Albany Plan of Union?The first time that the colonies formed a loose confederation to promote defense against the Native-Americans/ it was proposed by Benjamin Franklin
96945974What was the Confederacy of New England?When New England colonists banded together to fight off attacks by King Philip and the Native-Americans
96945975What was King Philip?The Native American chief who got all the Native Americans together/when he was killed, his head was put on a post for 25 years
96945976Who was William Pitt?Prime Minister of England during the French and Indian War/ when he came to power he sent many more soldiers and supplies to America to fight the French, and that is why England won the war
96945977Who was Louis Montcalm?French leader at the Battle of Quebec/ the French lost, and then he was killed
96945978Who was James Wolfe?English general at the Battle of Quebec/ he made a surprise attack on the French at Quebec/ he defeated the French but was killed in battle
96945979What was Ft. Duquesne (Ft. Pitt, then Pittsburgh)?The most strategic point in the Ohio Valley/ originally was French fort/ both the French and English wanted it/ it became Pittsburgh
96945980Who was Edward Braddock?The British general who attacked the French at Ft. Duquesne/ he was killed at this battle
96945981The French and Indian War was between whom?French+Hurons+Spanish vs. English+Iroquois
96945982What were the causes of the war?A. There was a dispute over which country owned the Ohio Valley. B. British wanted the French fur trade C. French were giving the Native-Americans guns to fight the English
96945983What was the importance of George Washington? Why did he become a hero?He became a war hero because after General Braddock's defeat at Fort Duquesne, he rounded up all the British troops and led them back to safety.
96945984What was the Capital of New France? What was the defeat of Quebec?Quebec/ the defeat of Quebec was a surprise attack on Christmas Eve from the rear
96945985Why did the French surrender to end the war?A. the surprise attack in which the French are defeated at Quebec B.Montreal was attacked and forced to surrender C. the French has suffered defeats in Europe
96945986Peace Treaty- what was it called? what were the provisions?It was called the Treaty of Paris, 1763. Terms: 1. British get Florida from Spain 2. the British get Canada and all lands east of the Mississippi River from France 3. the Spanish get New Orleans and the Louisiana Territory
96945987Why was the war important? The results?this war was important because of three things: 1. the British began taxing the colonists to pay for the war that they had just fought in America 2. George Washington becomes a war hero 3. the colonists learn how to fight like the Native-Americans
96945988What was the triangular trade? (be able to explain in a paragraph)a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa- ships brought sugar and molasses from the West Indies to the New England colonies, then these products would be made into rum, then rum and other goods were shipped to West Africa and traded for enslaved Africans. There were several triangular trade routes.
96945989Mercantilism- Why did the British develop this system?an economic system in which the colonies benefit from the mother country
96945990Know the colonies in each section of the country- new england, middle, southernNew England- Massachusetts (including Maine) New Hampshire Rhode Island Connecticut Middle- New York Delaware New Jersey Pennsylvania Southern- Virginia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Georgia
96945991What were indentured servants?a person who received free passage to the New World, and in exchange, he or she had to work five to seven years
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Chapter 11 Liquids, Solids and Intermolecular Forces Flashcards

Chemistry by Nivaldo Tro

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341550537Liquids-have high densities in comparison to gases -have an indefinite shape and assume the shape of their container -have a definite volume; they are not easily compressed -moderate strength of intermolecular forces
341550538Solids-have high densities in comparison to gases -have a definte shape; they do not assume the shape of their container -may be crytalline or amorphous -strong intermolecular forces (IMF)
341550539Gas-has low density -has indefiniete shape -has indefinite volume -weak IMF
341550540Crystalline solid-the arrangement of the particles displays long-range order
341550541Amorphous solid-the arrangement of the particles has no long range order
341550542Intermolecular Forces (IMF)-originate from the interactions between charges, partial charges and temporary charges on molecules (or atoms or ions) -generally weaker than bonding forces
341550543Dispersion (London) forces-present in all molecules and atoms -the result of fluctuations in the electron distribution within molecules or atoms
341550544Dipole-Dipole Force-exist in all molecules that are polar
341550545Miscibilitythe ability to mix without separating into two phases
341550546Hydrogen bondingpolar molecules containing hydrogen atoms bonded directly to small electronegative atoms (most importantly N-O-F)
341550547Ion-dipole forceoccurs when an ionec compound is mixed with a polar compound and is especially important in aqueous solutions of ionic compounds -the stronges of the types of IMF -responsible for the ability of ionic sumbstances to form solutions with water.
341550548Surface tension-the energy required to increase the surface area by a unit amount of liquid -decreases with decreasing IMF
341550549Viscosity-the resistance of a liquid to flow -greater in substances with stronger IMF -it increases with increasing molar mass -decreases with increasing temperature
341550550Capillary Actionthe ability of a liquid to flow against gravity up a narrow tube
341550551Adhesive forcesthe attraction between molecules and the surface of the tube
341550552cohesive forcesthe attraction between molecules in a liquid
341550553Vaporizationthe phase change in which a substance changes from a liquid into a gas -endothermic
341550554condensationthe change from the gaseous to the liquid state of matter -exothermic
341550555volatileliquids that vaporize easily
341550556nonvolatileliquids that do not vaporize easily
341550557rate of vaporizationincreases with increasing temperature -increases with increasing surface area -increases with decreasing strength of IMF
341550558vapor pressurethe pressure of gas in dynamic equillibrium
341550559boiling pointthe temprerature at which its vapor pressure equals the external pressure
341550560critical temperaturerepresents the temperature above which the liquid cannot exist (regardless of pressure)
341550561supercritical fluidshas properties of both liquids and gases
341550562sublimationthe phase transition from solid to gas
341550563depositionthe phase transition from gas to solid
341550564melting pointthe molecules have enough thermal energy to overcome the IMF that hold them at their stationary points -solid to liquid
341550565freezing pointthe phase transition from liquid to solid
341550566phase diagrama map of the phase of a substance as a function of pressure and temperature.
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AP US History - Unit 2 - Articles of Confederation Flashcards

Flashcards for APUSH
Obtained from fluteloop17

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361523281Articles of Confederation's strengthsThe strengths of this document were that it concluded the Revolutionary War with the Treaty of Paris in 1783, it kept the states together with a common national citizenship, and settled the question of Western land claims.
361523282Articles of Confederation's weaknesses9 of the 13 states needed to ratify a bill before it became a law. All states needed to accept an amendment. Little/no enforcement of laws that the President made. No foreign policy. States printed their own currency. Federal government could not tax. No federal army. No judicial system. Lack of national compulsive power over states.
361523283Northwest PostsAfter the Treaty of Paris, England still held posts along the Canadian border that she refused to leave. The British had hoped to keep control of the fur trade and force the US to pay British creditors. The posts held included Detroit and Niagara.
361523284Western land cession, 1781Maryland demanded that the US government have control over all western lands. Maryland postponed her ratification of the Articles until all states complied because she feared large states would become too powerful. The land given to the US government was for public domain.
361523285Land Ordinance of 1785This law stated that the US government would sell, at auction, western lands for a minimum of $1 an acre. The profit would be used to pay off the national debt. The public domain was surveyed into township systems that were 6 square miles. Each township was divided into 36 1-square-mile areas. One section equalled 640 acres.
361523286Alexandria Conference, 1785Delegates of Virginia and Maryland met to consider means of improving the navigability of the Potomac River. The commissioners asked all states to meet at Annapolis where problems of interstate commerce could be discussed.
361523287Shay's Rebellion, 1786Led back-country farmers in a rebellion because many people were losing their farms through mortgage foreclosures and tax delinquencies. Farmers demanded cheaper paper money, lighter taxes, and suspension of mortgage foreclosures. The rebellion ended when troops broke up the mob in Boston.
361523288Annapolis ConferenceIn this convention, states near the Chesapeake Bay area talked about the lowering of taxes and tariffs to increase trade between states. Alexander Hamilton told the states to meet one yea later in Philadelphia so they could overhaul the Articles of Confederation.
361523289Northwest OrdinanceThis law provided that the area north of Ohio would be divided into three to five territories, and allowed a territory to have a governor, secretary, three judges, and a legislature if inhabited by 5,000 white males. The territory could apply to the US government for statehood if it had 60,000 white males.
361523290James WilkinsonHe was discontented with the Northern states' willingness to strangle the western economy by closing the Mississippi. He conspired with Spain to separate Kentucky from the Union in return for money. His conspiracy collapsed in 1788 when Spain reopened the Mississippi.
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World Capitals Flashcards

All 193 countries and capitals.

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113935AfghanistanKabul
113936AlbaniaTirane
113937AlgeriaAlgiers
113938AndorraAndorra la Vella
113939AngolaLuanda
113940Antigua and BarbudaSaint John's
113941ArgentinaBuenos Aires
113942ArmeniaYerevan
113943AustraliaCanberra
113944AustriaVienna
113945AzerbaijanBaku
113946The BahamasNassau
113947BahrainManama
113948BangladeshDhaka
113949BarbadosBridgetown
113950BelarusMinsk
113951BelgiumBrussels
113952BelizeBelmopan
113953BeninPorto-Novo
113954BhutanThimphu
113955BoliviaLa Paz (administrative) Sucre (judicial)
113956Bosnia and HerzegovinaSarajevo
113957BotswanaGaborone
113958BrazilBrasilia
113959BruneiBandar Seri Begawan
113960BulgariaSofia
113961Burkina FasoOuagadougou
113962BurundiBujumbura
113963CambodiaPhnom Penh
113964CameroonYaounde
113965CanadaOttawa
113966Cape VerdePraia
113967Central African RepublicBangui
113968ChadN'Djamena
113969ChileSantiago
113970ChinaBeijing
113971ColombiaBogota
113972ComorosMoroni
113973Congo, Republic of theBrazzaville
113974Congo, Democratic Republic of theKinshasa
113975Costa RicaSan Jose
113976Cote d'IvoireYamoussoukro (official) Abidjan (de facto)
113977CroatiaZagreb
113978CubaHavana
113979CyprusNicosia
113980Czech RepublicPrague
113981DenmarkCopenhagen
113982DjiboutiDjibouti
113983DominicaRoseau
113984Dominican RepublicSanto Domingo
113985East TimorDili
113986EcuadorQuito
113987EgyptCairo
113988El SalvadorSan Salvador
113989Equatorial GuineaMalabo
113990EritreaAsmara
113991EstoniaTallinn
113992EthiopiaAddis Ababa
113993FijiSuva
113994FinlandHelsinki
113995FranceParis
113996GabonLibreville
113997The GambiaBanjul
113998GeorgiaTbilisi
113999GermanyBerlin
114000GhanaAccra
114001GreeceAthens
114002GrenadaSaint George's
114003GuatemalaGuatemala City
114004GuineaConakry
114005Guinea-BissauBissau
114006GuyanaGeorgetown
114007HaitiPort-au-Prince
114008HondurasTegucigalpa
114009HungaryBudapest
114010IcelandReykjavik
114011IndiaNew Delhi
114012IndonesiaJakarta
114013IranTehran
114014IraqBaghdad
114015IrelandDublin
114016IsraelJerusalem
114017ItalyRome
114018JamaicaKingston
114019JapanTokyo
114020JordanAmman
114021KazakhstanAstana
114022KenyaNairobi
114023KiribatiTarawa
114024Korea, NorthPyongyang
114025Korea, SouthSeoul
114026KuwaitKuwait City
114027KyrgyzstanBishkek
114028LaosVientiane
114029LatviaRiga
114030LebanonBeirut
114031LesothoMaseru
114032LiberiaMonrovia
114033LibyaTripoli
114034LiechtensteinVaduz
114035LithuaniaVilnius
114036LuxembourgLuxembourg
114037MacedoniaSkopje
114038MadagascarAntananarivo
114039MalawiLilongwe
114040MalaysiaKuala Lumpur
114041MaldivesMale
114042MaliBamako
114043MaltaValletta
114044Marshall IslandsMajuro
114045MauritaniaNouakchott
114046MauritiusPort Louis
114047MexicoMexico City
114048Federated States of MicronesiaPalikir
114049MoldovaChisinau
114050MonacoMonaco
114051MongoliaUlaanbaatar
114052MontenegroPodgorica
114053MoroccoRabat
114054MozambiqueMaputo
114055Myanmar (Burma)Rangoon but moving to Pyinmana
114056NamibiaWindhoek
114057Nauruno official capital; government offices in Yaren District
114058NepalKathmandu
114059NetherlandsAmsterdam
114060New ZealandWellington
114061NicaraguaManagua
114062NigerNiamey
114063NigeriaAbuja
114064NorwayOslo
114065OmanMuscat
114066PakistanIslamabad
114067PalauKoror
114068PanamaPanama City
114069Papua New GuineaPort Moresby
114070ParaguayAsuncion
114071PeruLima
114072PhilippinesManila
114073PolandWarsaw
114074PortugalLisbon
114075QatarDoha
114076RomaniaBucharest
114077RussiaMoscow
114078RwandaKigali
114079Saint Kitts and NevisBasseterre
114080Saint LuciaCastries
114081Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesKingstown
114082SamoaApia
114083San MarinoSan Marino
114084Sao Tome and PrincipeSao Tome
114085Saudi ArabiaRiyadh
114086SenegalDakar
114087SerbiaBelgrade
114088SeychellesVictoria
114089Sierra LeoneFreetown
114090SingaporeSingapore
114091SlovakiaBratislava
114092SloveniaLjubljana
114093Solomon IslandsHoniara
114094SomaliaMogadishu
114095South AfricaPretoria (administrative) Cape Town (legislative) Bloemfontein (judiciary)
114096SpainMadrid
114097Sri LankaColombo
114098SudanKhartoum
114099SurinameParamaribo
114100SwazilandMbabana
114101SwedenStockholm
114102SwitzerlandBern
114103SyriaDamascus
114104TajikistanDushanbe
114105TanzaniaDar es Salaam
114106ThailandBangkok
114107TogoLome
114108TongaNuku'alofa
114109Trinidad and TobagoPort-of-Spain
114110TunisiaTunis
114111TurkeyAnkara
114112TurkmenistanAshgabat
114113TuvaluFunafuti
114114UgandaKampala
114115UkraineKyiv
114116United Arab EmiratesAbu Dhabi
114117United KingdomLondon
114118United StatesWashington, D.C.
114119UruguayMontevideo
114120UzbekistanTashkent
114121VanuatuPort-Vila
114122Vatican City (Holy See)Vatican City
114123VenezuelaCaracas
114124VietnamHanoi
114125YemenSanaa
114126ZambiaLusaka
114127ZimbabweHarare
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anatomyandphysiology multiple choice set Flashcards

for sma cadets who tryin to get that good studying bruh

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287373371which of the following is an example of a physical change?ice melting to become water
287373372energy that is directly involved in moving water is termedmechanical energy
28737337396% of the human body iscarbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen
287373374the atomic number of an atom reveals the number ofprotons in the atomic nucleus
287373375which of the following is correct reguarding the location of subatomic particlesneutrons and electrons are inside the nucleus, protons are outside.
287373376if an atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 protons the atomic mass number is14 (8+6)
287373377A+B---ABsynthesis reaction
287373378isotopes havesame number of protons and electrons and different number of neutrons
287373379the subatomic particles that are responisible for chemical behavior of atoms are in theelectrons
287373380synthesis reaction invlovebond forming and absorbtion of energy
287373381acidic solutionPH less than 7
287373382Keratin and collagen areprotiens
287373383the organic compounds that function in building tissue and acting as enzymes areprotiens
287373384triglyceridesare found in fat deposits, and protect body organs
287373385which of the following substances below is matched with its correct organic groupenzymes--protiens
287373386water is useful becauseit has low heat capacity
287373387weakest acid is6.4 PH
287373388when Na reacts with Chloride sodium donates an electron and becomespositvely charged
287373389when a pair of electrons are shared equally between two atoms the blondis callednon polar covalent bond
287373390what about atp is falseenery is captured in high energy hydrogen bonds
287373391what is not true about cell membraneallows water soluble to pass through easily
287373392site where ribosomes assernable prior ro their migration into cytoplasmthe nucleolus
2873733933 major compontets of the cytoplsam are thecytosol, organelles, and inclusions
287373394which organelle is studded with ribosomes and does protien synthesisrough ER
2873733952 passive transport areosmosis and endocytosis
287524382the movement of fluid through the cell membrane from a high pressure area to a lower pressure area is calledfiltration
287524383microvilli are apt to be found in cells that are specialized forabsorption
287524384two types of endocytosis arephagocytosis and pinocytosis
287524385cell connections that allow substances to pass directly form one cell into another are calledgap junctions
287524386once solid material is phagocytized and taken into a vacuole, which of the following statements best describes what happensa lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material
287524387solution that contains fewere solutes than the cell ishypotonic
287524388which of the following is not true of epithelial tissueit has a good blood supply and is very vascular
287524389epithelial tissue found in areas subject to considerable friction and abuse, such as the esophagus isstratified squamous epithelieum
287524390well vasularized and has an extensive intercellular matrix is calledconnective tissue
287524391which of the following is not an active transport processfacilitated difusion
287524392intercalated disks are found incardiac muscle tissue only
287524393glands that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than rhrough ducts are classified asendocrine
287524394molecules that make the cell surface fuzzy, sticky, and sugar rich are theglycoprotiens
287524395which of the following is not a serous membranethe cutaneous membrane
287524396mucous membranes are located in thelining of the stomach cavity wall
287524397the most external skin region is composed ofstratified squamous epithelium
287524398which of the following has no blood supply of its ownthe epidermis only
287524399the hypodermis consists ofadipose tissue
287524400correct sequence in layers of the epidermis going from outermost to innermost layercorneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, germinativum
287524401which of the following homeostatic imbalanes is caused by skin exposure to chemicalscontact dermatitis
287524402which is found in the dermissweat and oil glands
287524403when body temperature riseseccrine glands become active
287524404finger like upward projections of the dermis into the epidermis are calleddermal papillae
287524405the secretions of the eccrine glands are99% water, sodium chloride, and t race amounts of wastes, lactic acid, and vitamin C
287524406melanoma is indicated bya opigmented spot that contains areas of different colors
287524407which of the following bones are categorized according to shape, is correctcoxal bones--irregular bones
287524408the bone cells within lacunae recieve nourishment from blood vessels through passageways calledcanaliculi
287524409a shallow basin like depression in a bone often serving as a particular surface is afossa
287524410the small cavities inbone tissue where osteocytes are found are calledlacunae
287524411what kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryohyaline cartilage
287524412there are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages4,3,2,1
287524413a compund fracture can be described as whenthe broken bone is exposed to the outside
287524414a bone fracture where the bone is broken into many fragments is acomminuted fracture
287524415a fracture that is common in children, whose bones have relatively more collagen in their matrix and are more flexible than those of adults is agreenstick fracture
287524416the axial skeleton containsthe skull, the vertevral column, ribs, and sternum
287524417the suture that connects the two parietal bones together is the ___suture, whereas the suture that connects the parietal bones to the occipital bone is the ___ suturesaggital;coronal
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Periodic Elements Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
87205124Lilithium
87205125Nasodium
87205126Kpotassium
87205127Rbrubidium
87205128Cscesium
87205129Frfrancium
87205130Beberyllium
87205131Mgmagnesium
87205132Cacalcium
87205133Srstrontium
87205134Babarium
87205135Raradium
87205136Scscandium
87205137Yyttrium
87205138Lalanthanum
87205139Cecerium
87205140Prpraseodymium
87205141Ndneodymium
88546081Pmpromethium
88546082Smsamarium
88983879Eueuropium
88983880Gdgadolinium
90014667Tbterbium
90014668Dydysprosium
90014669Hoholmium
90014670Ererbium
90014671Tmthulium
90014672Ybytterbium
90852826Lulutetium
90852827Acactinium
91204743Ththorium
91204744Paprotactinium
93399085Uuranium
93399086Npneptunium
94026081Puplutonium
94026082Amamericium
95007864Cmcurium
95007865Bkberkelium
95007866Cfcalifornium
95007867Eseinsteinium
95744557Fmfermium
95744558Mdmendelevium
96214470Nonobelium
96214471Lrlawrencium
96214480Tititanium
96214481Zrzirconium
98233274Hfhafnium
98233275Rfrutherfordium
98489488Vvanadium
98489489Nbniobium
100039745Tatantalum
100039746Dbdubnium
100039747Crchromium
100039748Momolybdenum
100039749Wtungsten
100039750Sgseaborgium
100039751Mnmanganese
100499781Tctechnetium
100499782Rerhenium
100857385Bhbohrium
100857386Feiron
100857387Ruruthenium
101654127Ososmium
101654128Hshassium
104938617Cocobalt
104938618Rhrhodium
104938619Iriridium
104938620Mtmeitnerium
105362961Ninickel
105362962Pdpalladium
105740105Cucopper
105740106Ptplatinum
106469425Agsilver
106469426Augold
106788465Znzinc
106788466Cdcadmium
107834519Hgmercury
107834520Bboron
108257856Alaluminum
108257857Gagallium
109173815Inindium
109173816Tlthallium
109173817Ccarbon
109173818Sisilicon
110568862Gegermanium
110568863Sntin
110568864Pblead
111132919Nnitrogen
111132920Pphosphorus
111132921Asarsenic
111731877Sbantimony
111731878Bibismuth
111731879Ooxygen
112340502Hhydrogen
112340503Ssulfur
112340504Seselenium
112340505Tetellurium
119234484Popolonium
119234485Ffluorine
119234486Clchlorine
119234487Brbromine
119234488IIodine
119234489Atastatine
119234490Hehelium
119234491Neneon
119234492Arargon
119234493Krkrypton
119234494Xexenon
119234495Rnradon
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Chapter 16 Vocab. - The South and the Slavery Controversy Flashcards

The over-arching theme of chapter 16 is that antebellum (pre-Civil War) society in the South was built on slave labor.
1. Cotton ran the South before the Civil War— it was "King Cotton." The entire southern economy was based on cotton.
2. The South had developed a pyramid-like social structure. From top-to-bottom: planter aristocrats, small farmers, the white majority (who owned no slaves), free blacks, slaves.
3. Life as a slave could be wildly varied—some slave owners were kind toward their slaves, some were immensely cruel. In all situations, slaves were not free to do as they pleased.
4. Abolition (move to abolish slavery) began with the Quakers. Frederick Douglass became the main spokesman against slavery. And William Lloyd Garrison printed "The Liberator", a radical abolition newspaper.
5. Southerners countered that northern workers were treated even worse than slaves. Slave owners, they said, had a vested interest in their slaves. Northern factory workers exploited then fired their workers.

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104253857Lane RebelsIn 1832 Theodore Dwight Weld went to the Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Seminary was presided over by Lyman Beecher. Weld and some of his comrades were kicked out for their actions of anti-slavery. The young men were known as the "Lane Rebels." They helped lead and continue the preaching of anti-slavery ideas.
104253858David WalkerHe was a black abolitionist who called for the immediate emancipation of slaves. He wrote the "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World." It called for a bloody end to white supremacy. He believed that the only way to end slavery was for slaves to physically revolt.
104253859Nat TurnerBlack priest; led a revolt in Virginia 1831, killed 60 people(mostly women and children). This scared the Southerners because it was the first really violent action of the slaves. As a result slave codes were made stricter.
104253860Sojourner TruthSojourner Truth was a freed slave who lived in America during the late 1800's. She was also known as Isabella. From her home in New York she waged a constant battle for the abolition of slavery. She was also a prominent figure in the fight for women's rights.
104253861Theodore Dwight WeldTheodore Dwight Weld was a prominent abolitionist in the 1830's. He was self-educated and very outspoken. Weld put together a group called the "Land Rebels." He and his group traveled across the Old Northwest preaching antislavery gospel. Weld also put together a propaganda pamphlet called American Slavery As It Is.
104253862Frederick DouglassA former slave who was an abolitionist, gifted with eloquent speech and self-educated. In 1838 he was "discovered" as a great abolitionist to give antislavery speeches. He swayed many people to see that slavery was wrong by publishing "Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass" which depicted slavery as being cruel. He also looked for ways politically to end slavery.
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Chapter 16: The South and the Slavery Controversy Flashcards

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170608063Cotton ginEli Whitney's invention that made the wide scale cultivation short-staple cotton possible
170608064Sir Walter ScottA favorite southerner of elite southerners who helped idealize a fuedal society
170608065Plantation SystemA system of agricultural production based on large-scale land ownership and the exploitation of labor and the environment. This system focused on the production of cash crops and utilized slave labor.
170608066Mountain WhitesIndependent small farmers in the Appalacian Mountain Range, hated plantation owners and blacks, and viewed the impending Civil War as a "rich man's war, but a poor man's fight"
170608067Free Blacks in the SouthFaced discrimination and legal oppression. In the South they were prevented from owning weapons, testifying in court, buying liquor, violating a curfew, or assembling outside of church. In the North they were prevented from voting, going to school, or becoming citizens. Some states prevented them from owning property and they were mostly hired only for menial work.
170608068Frederick DouglassUnited States abolitionist who escaped from slavery and became an influential writer and lecturer in the North (1817-1895)
170608069Slave AuctionsA sale in which slaves were sold to planters who bid for them; slaves were treated as property, and sold in the same way that property was sold; at these sales, slaves worried most about becoming separated from their families
170608070Uncle Tom's CabinWritten by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1853 that highly influenced England's view on the American Deep South and slavery. This novel promoted abolition and intensified sectional conflict.
171158037Cotton KingdomTerm for the South that emphasized its economic dependence on a single staple product
171158038"Peculiar Institution"A euphemism for slavery and the economic ramifications of it in the American South. The term aimed to explain away the seeming contradiction of legalized slavery in a country whose Declaration of Independence states that "all men are created equal". It was one of the key causes of the Civil War.
171158039Denmark VeseyUnited States freed slave and insurrectionist in South Carolina who was involved in planning an uprising of slaves and was hanged (1767-1822)
171158040Booker T. WashingtonProminent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was head of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881.
171158041American Colonization SocietyAn organization founded in 1817 by antislavery reformers that called for gradual emancipation and removal of freed blacks to Africa
171158042Second Great AwakeningA series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans.
171158043Charles Grandison FinneyAn evangelist who was one of the greatest preachers of all time (spoke in New York City). He also made the "anxious bench" for sinners to pray and was was against slavery and alcohol.
171158044Theodore Dwight WeldAmerican abolitionist whose pamphlet Slavery As It Is (1839) inspired Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin".
171158045William Lloyd GarrisonArdent abolitionist that fought against slavery for moral reasons. His influence brought many people to his standard, as well as to oppose him. He created the Anti-Slavery Society. argued for immediate and complete emancipation of all slaves and founded "The Liberator".
171158046David WalkerHe was a black abolitionist who called for the immediate emancipation of slaves. He wrote the "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World." It called for a bloody end to white supremacy. He believed that the only way to end slavery was for slaves to physically revolt.
171158047Sojourner TruthUnited States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women (1797-1883)
171158048Martin DelaneyOne of the few black leaders to take seriously the notion of mass recolonization of Africa, in 189 he visited West Africa's Niger Valley seeking a suitable site for relocation
171158049Mason-Dixon LineThe Mason and Dixon line was perceived as a divider between free and slave states before the Civil War
171158050Free Soil PartyFormed in 1847 - 1848, dedicated to opposing slavery in newly acquired territories such as Oregon and ceded Mexican territory.
171158051Gag ResolutionRequired all anti slavery appeals to be tabled without debate, endangered freedom of speech and the right of petition
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Chapter 16: The South and the Slavery Controversy Flashcards

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100650684oligarchythis is a government in which the minority leads the whole, and in the South, this group was composed of the planter aristocracy. only one thousand seven hundred and thirty-three slaves owned more than one hundred slaves by the year 1855, and these families made the political and social decisions for the South, which in turn affected the nation. the people leading this newly formed government were the leaders of wealth and finesse, and could send their children to the greatest schools, but these people also felt the strongest obligation to serve their public. this widened the gap between the rich and the poor.
100650685Denmark Veseyhe led a slave rebellion in Charleston, South Carolina in 1822, that failed. he was betrayed by his informers, and he along with thirty of his followers were publicly hung in the gallows.
100650686Nat Turnera black visionary preacher who led a rebellion in Virginia, in which sixty whites, mostly women and children were slaughtered in 1831. the retaliation against the situation was swift and bloody, and the rebellion was quickly ended.
100650687American Colonization Societya society formed in 1817; this was one of the first abolitionist societies formed to transport the African-American slaves back to Africa to be freed.
100650688Republic of Liberiathis organization was formed in 1822, and was focused on the region of Liberia, which was on the West African Coast, and was established for former slaves. the capital of the country was named after President Monroe, Monrovia. 15,000 black slaves were transported back to Liberia over a forty year period.
100650689Theodore Dwight Welda man who was converted by the preachings of Charles Grandison Finney in the 1820s in New York, he was uneducated, but his speeches were extremely powerful and direct to his rural audiences. Arthur and Lewis Tappan were two brother New York merchants who materially aided this man. the two paid his way into Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1832. he was expelled along with other students in 1834 by Lyman Beecher (father of Harriet Beecher Stowe- novelist, Catherine Beecher-reformer, and Henry Ward Beecher-preacher/abolitionist) because he organized an 18-day debate on slavery. he and his rebel followers fanned out across the Northwest, and he made the "American Slavery as It Is," (1839) and he influenced Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin."
100650690William Lloyd Garrisona man of twenty-six, he was an abolitionist who had a huge blast in the year of 1831. his father was a drunk and he was the proclaimed child of the Second Great Awakening, he formed the anti-slavery newspaper in Boston called the "Liberator." he proclaimed that under NO circumstances would he ever support slavery, and in 1833, the American Anti-Slavery Society was founded after him. he seemed to focus more on self-righteousness than on the evil of slavery; he never explained how freeing slaves would end to the evil of slavery. he burned the Constitution in 1854 because he believed that it was "a covenant with death and an agreement with hell."
100650691The liberatorthis was the newspaper that was founded by William Lloyd Garrison, and this triggered a thirty-year verbal war against slavery and slave owners.
100650692American Anti-Slavery Societythis society was formed in 1833, and was created by abolitionists in commemoration of Garrison's works. Wendell Phillips was the most well-known of the society, and he claimed that he would neither eat can sugar, nor wear cotton cloth because the two were made impart by slavery.
100650693David Walkerthe author of the "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World" (1829), which was a book that insisted a violent and bloody end to the worldly white supremacy.
100650694Sojourner Truththis was a freed African-American lady from New York, who fought for the emancipation of African-American slaves, and she also fought for the rights of women.
100650695Martin Delaneyhe was one of the few black leaders to take seriously the movement of the recolonization of Africa. in 1859, he visited the Niger Valley in West Africa to find a spot that would be best for relocation.
100650696Frederick Douglasshe escaped from slavery in 1838, and in 1841, when he was twenty-one he was discovered by the abolitionists while giving an anti-slavery speech in Massachusetts; he publicly spoke although his life was threatened and he was often beaten. he published "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass," (1845) which was an autobiography. his father was white and his mother was black, he eventually learned to read and write, and thereafter escaped to the North. he believed that politics would end slavery, and along with other abolitionists, he joined the Liberty Party (1840), the Free Soil Party (1848), and the Republican Party (1850s). along with fellow abolitionists, he believed that war was the only solution to the predicament.
100650697Gag-Resolutionanti-slavery reformers forced this through Congress in 1836, and this resolution demanded that the anti-slavery appeals should be tabled with no debate. Representative John Quincy Adams was triggered by this petition, and an eighty-year fight for its repeal was triggered by him.
100650698Free-soilerspeople, including Abraham Lincoln who did not outright disapprove of the institution of slavery, but did not wish for this to spread to the West.
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