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Amsco AP US History Chapter 2

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440722345corporate coloniesColonies operated by joint-stock companies during the early years of the colonies, such as Jamestown
440722346royal coloniesColonies under the direct authority and rule of the king's government, such as Virginia after 1624
440722347proprietary coloniesColonies under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king, such as Maryland and Massachusetts The king believed that proprietary colonies would give him almost total control, as the individual granted the charter would be loyal to the king and obey his wishes
440722348Chesapeake coloniesThe now divided area once known as the Virginia company; composed of Maryland and Virginia (1632) Maryland becomes first proprietary colony (1632)
440722349George Calvert, Lord BaltimoreAs a reward for loyal service, the king granted Lord Baltimore, a Catholic nobleman, control of Maryland Lord Baltimore wanted Maryland to be a wealthy colony as well as a safe place for Catholics. He died in 1632, leaving Maryland to his son, Cecil
440722350Cecil Calvert, Lord BaltimoreSon of George Calvert, Cecil Calvert set about making his father's dream come alive in Maryland (1634)
440722351Act of Toleration (1649)The first colonial statue granting religious freedom to all Christians; also called for death of all non-Christians (1649) Caused by: Most people in Maryland were Protestant, and Catholics wanted religious freedom
440722352VirginiaVirginia struggled with economic problems, a rebellion against the colonial government, and labor shortages (late 1700's)
440722353Sir William BerkeleyRoyal Governor of Virginia (1641-1652, 1660-1677) who favored large plantation owners and did not support or protect smaller farms from Indian raids. Put down Bacon's rebellion (1676)
440722354Bacon's Rebellion(1676) Led by Nathaniel Bacon, a group of army volunteers attacked and raided Native American villiages, and then fought the governor's forces and set fire to Jamestown. The rebellion lost momentum when Bacon died of dysentery. Caused by:Governor's unfair favortism of large plantation owners and refusal to protect small farms from Native American raids.
440722355indentured servantYoung people from England under contract with a master who paid for their passage. Worked for a specified period for room and board, then they were free.
440722356headright systemA method for attracting immigrants: Virginia offered 50 acres of land to each immigrant who paid for passage to America and to any plantation owner who paid for an immigrants passage.
440722357slaveryThe first slaves arrived in the colonies in 1619, and were not slaves for life, but worked for a period of time, like an indentured servant. Then, discriminatory laws were passed and slaves nor their offspring were never freed.
440722358Roger WilliamsA respected Puritan minister who believed that the individual's conscience was beyond the conrol of any civil or church authority, and was banished from the bay colony for his beliefs. He founded the settlement of Providence in 1636.
440722359ProvidenceFounded by Roger Williams (1636), in Providence, Native Americans were dealt with fairly in buying land and religious freedom was extended to all.
440722360Anne HutchinsonPuritan who believed in antinomianism and was banished from the bay colony because of her beliefs. Founded the colony of Portsmouth (1638)
440722361antinomianismThe idea that faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation.
440722362Rhode IslandIn 1644, Parliment granted Roger Williams a charter, joining Providence and Portsmouth into Rhode Island.
440722363Thomas HookerLed a group of Boston Puritans dissatified with the Massachusetts Bay colony. Founded Hartford (1636), which is now Connecticut.
440722364Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)First constitution in written history (1639). Established a representative government made up of a legislature elected by the people and a governor chosen by the legislature.
440722365John DavenportFounder of New Haven (1637)
440722366ConnecticutIn 1665, New Haven and Hartford joined to form Connecticut under a royal charter.
440722367New HampshireHoping to increase royal control in the colonies, King Charles II separated New Hampshire from Massachusetts in 1679 and made it a royal colony
440722368halfway covenantPeople could now take part in church services and activities without making a formal commitment to Christ (1660) Caused by: The next generation of colonists were less commited to religious faith, but churches still needed members
440722369New England ConfederationIn 1643, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven formed a military alliance to deal with Native Americans. Lasted until 1684.
440722370WampanoagsIndian tribe led by Metacom.
440722371Metacom; King Phillip's WarMetacom, aka King Phillip, joined together the Native American tribes to fight the colonists, a war that lasted from 1675 to 1676
440722372Restoration coloniesColonies founded during the Restoration era in Europe, the restoration of the power of King Charles II
440722373The CarolinasKing Charles II granted eight nobles who had helped him gain the throne the Carolinas. (1663) In 1729, the Carolinas were split into to royal colonies. In South Carolina, the economy was based on the fur trade and growing food for the West Indies, which led to many plantations. In North Carolina, there were many small tobacco farms and fewer plantations.
440722374rice plantationsThese plantations grew food for the West Indies, and relied on slave labor. Found in South Carolina.
440722375tobacco farmsThese were mainly small farms in North Carolina, but larger tobacco plantations were found in other parts of the colonies.
440722376New YorkIn 1664, King Charles II granted his brother James (the Duke of York) the land now known as New York. James took the land from the Dutch, but treated them fairly. James was unpopular because of his taxes and refusal to institute representative government. He relented in 1683.
440722377New JerseyLand granted by James to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, 1664. Eventually sold to Quakers, and later (1702), became a royal colony
440722378Pennsylvania"Penn's woods" Land given to William Penn, 1681.
440722379QuakersMembers of the Religious Society of Friends who believed in the equality of men and women, nonviolence, and resistance to military service. Were often persecuted.
440722380William PennFounder of Pennsylvania, William Penn wanted his colony to generate wealth, provide a safe place for Quakers, and enable him to try new, liberal ideas in government
440722381holy experimentPenn wanted to to test ideas he had developed in his colony. He created a government for his colony, and planned his cities.
440722382Frame of Government (1682-1683)Guaranteed a representive assembly elected by land owners
440722383Charter of Liberties (1701)Guaranteed freedom of worship for all and unrestricted immigration
440722384DelawareIn 1702, Penn granted the lower three colonies their own legislature, but Delaware and Pennsylvania had the same governor until the American Revolution
440722385GeorgiaGeorgia was formed in 1732 to provide a buffer between wealthy Georgia from Spanish controlled Florida, and to provide a place for the many debtors of England to begin again
440722386James OglethorpeFounder of Georgia's first settlement, Savannah, 1733. Acted as governor of Georgia and had strict laws which included a ban on rum and slavery.
440722387mercantilismAn economic policy which looked upon trade, colonies, and the accumulation of wealth as the basis for a countries military and political strength.
440722388Navigation ActsBasically, the colonies could only trade with England, and only ship goods on colonist or English ships. This helped the shipbuilding industry, and helped protect the colonists, but farmers received low prices for their goods and colonists had to pay high prices for manufactured goods.
440722389Dominion of New EnglandJames II wanted to increase royal control in the colonies, so he combined them into larger units and abolished their representative assemblies. The Dominion of New England was composed of New York, New Jersey,and other New England colonies.
440722390Sir Edmund AndrosSent from England to govern the dominion; was very unpopular due to increase of taxes, limiting town meetings, and revoking land titles
440722391Glorious RevolutionIn 1688, James was deposed and replaced with William and Mary, ended the Dominion of England
440722392triangular tradeMerchants traded colonist rum for African slaves, African slaves for West Indies sugar cane, and sugar cane needed to make rum to the colonies.
440722393slave tradePart of the triangular trade, rum from the colonies was traded for African slaves.
440722394Middle PassageVoyage from Africa to the West Indies; miserable for the slaves transported, many died
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Amsco AP US History Unit 2 vocab.

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446141634Henry KnoxSecretary of War in George Washington's cabinet
446141635Edmund RandolphAttorney General in George Washington's cabinet
446141636Judiciary Act (1789)Established a Supreme Court with one chief justice and five associate justices; provided for a system of 13 district courts and 3 courts of appeal
446170330Federal Courtssupreme court; others made by congress but with less power and determine number of justices making up Supreme Court
446170331Supreme Courtonly federal court in Constitution and Judiciary Act of 1789 estabalished that court with one chief justice and five associate justices
446170332National DebtJefferson/Supporters agreed to Hamilton to pay off the national debt at face value and assume payments of war debts of the states
446141637infant industriesIn Alexander Hamilton's Financial Program, these newly developing businesses needed to be protected from foreign competition in the form of tariffs on imported goods
446170333National BankWashington supported Hamilton on issue to propose bank and it was voted into law (Bank of U.S) privately owned and the federal govt. could print paper currency and use federal deposits to stimulate business
446170334Tariffs; excise taxesexcise taxes to raise enough revenue to pay government's debts
446170335French Revolution...
446141638Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)Issued by George Washington, this document stated that the United States would remain neutral in the French Revolution (1793); Thomas Jefferson resigned from the cabinet because of this order
446141639"Citizen" Edmond GenetFrench minister to the United States who appealed directly to the American people to support the French cause, breaking all rules of diplomacy. The US government asked the French to remove the diplomat, but he chose to remain in the US and married and became a citizen
446141640Jay Treaty (1794)Treaty negotiated by John Jay with the British in which the British agreed to evacuate its posts on the US western frontier, the US originally wanted Britain to stop seizing US ships and impressing (forcing into an army) American sailors (1794)
446141641Pinckney Treaty (1795)Treaty negotiated by Thomas Pinckney, US minister to Spain, in which Spain agreed to open the lower Mississipi River and New Orleans to American trade. Spain also accepted that Florida's northern boundary should be at the 31st parallel instead of north of that line (1795)
446141642right of depositGranted by Spain to America so that Americnas could transfer cargo in New Orleans without paying duties to the Spanish government
446141643Battle of Fallen TimbersIn 1794, the US army led by General Anthony Wayne defeated the Shawnee, Wyandot, and other Native American people in this battle
446141644Whisky Rebellion (1794)A group of farmers in western Pennsylvania refused to pay the federal excise tax on whiskey and attacked the revenue collectors. George Washington then federalized 15000 militia men and the rebellion peacefully collaspsed. This showed the ability of the government to deal with problems, in contrast to the Articles of Confederation and Shay's rebellion
446141645Public Land Act (1796)Established orderly procedures for dividing and selling federal lands at reasonable prices (1796)
446170336Federalist eraFederal government gained control of land in West and sold them making states such as Vermont (1791) Kentucky (1792) Tennessee (1796)
446141646Democratic-Republican partySupporters of this party were mostly found in southern states and on the western frontier, favored protection of states' rights, and wanted federal power constrained
446170337Political Partiesdebates between Federalist and Anti-Federalists in 1787-1788 were first indication of two-party system of American politics
446141647Washington's farewell addressWritten by Washington as a final message to the people: 1. Don't get involved in European affairs 2. Don't make "permanant alliances" in foreign affairs 3. Don't form political parties 4. Avoid sectionalism
446170338"Permanent Alliances"one of the things that Washington warned Americans to make this with foreign affairs
446141648two-term traditionAlthough not mentioned in the Constitution, Washington stepped down after two terms of office, and every other president after him did the same until FDR in 1940
446141649John Adams2nd President of the United States (1796 to 1800) Foreign Issues: XYZ Affair Domestic Issues: Alien and Sedition Acts, Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
446141650XYZ AffairAmericans were angered when French diplomats demanded bribes from US ministers to allow negotiations to begin
446141651Alien and Sedition ActsComposed of: Naturalization Act (increased from 5 to 14 number of years to become a citizen of US) Alien Acts (president has a right to deport any dangerous aliens and to detain enemy aliens in time of war) Sedition Acts (made it illegal for newspapers to criticize the president)
446141652Kentucky and Virginia ResolutionsBoth Kentucky and Virginia issued these in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, saying that the states had entered into a compact in creating the federal government and if a federal law broke that contract, the states could declare it null and void
446141653Revolution of 1800Power peacefully passed from the Federalists to the Democrat-Republicans in the Election of 1800. This showed promise for the new government of the US
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AMSCO US History Chapter 1 Terms

The vocabulary terms for Chapter 1 of the AMSCO US History book.

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437388646Native AmericansThe first people to live in America. Their culture was influenced by their environments and they caught diseases by Europeans through the Columbian Exchange
437388647Land BridgeA strip of land connecting two continents
437388648SiouxNative Americans whose traditional lands were located in the northwestern parts of present day US and Canada (including North and South Dakota, Minnesota and Nebraska)
437388649PawneeNative American tribe of present day Kansas and Nebraska first visited by Francisco Vásquez de Coronado in 1541. Nothing much is mentioned of them until the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries when successive incursions of Spanish, French and English settlers attempted to enlarge their possessions. The tribes however tended to make alliances as and when it suited them. Believed to have numbered over 10,000 in 1780, by 1900 only 600 remained due to war, smallpox and cholera.
437388650PuebloA member of any of about two dozen Native American peoples called pueblos by the Spanish because they live in villages built of adobe and rock
437388651AdenaA mound builder society that was centered in the Ohio River Valley and flourished from about 700 B.C. to A.D 100
437388652HopewellNative American culture which centered in the Ohio valley from 200 to 500 C.E.; known for earthen burial and defensive mounds. (snake mound in Illinois)
437388653Mississippianthe last and most complex of the mound builder societies, inhabiting the ohio and the mississippi river vallies from about AD 700 into the 1500s.
437388654Iroquoisany member of the warlike North American Indian peoples formerly living in New York state
437388655MayasA Native American people, living in what is now Mexico and northern Central America, who had a flourishing civilization from before the birth of Jesus until around 1600, when they were conquered by the Spanish. They are known for their astronomical observations, accurate calendars sophisticated hieroglyphics, and pyramids.
437388656IncasA Native American people who built a notable civilization in western South America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The center of their empire was in present-day Peru. Francisco Pizarro of Spain conquered the empire.
437388657AztecsThe Azetcs were a Native American Empire who lived in Mexico. Their capital was Tenochtitlan. They worshipped everything around them especially the sun. Cortes conquered them in 1521.
437388658Renaissancethe period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world
437388659Technologythe practical application of science to commerce or industry
437388660Compassnavigational instrument for finding directions
437388661Printing PressA mechanical device for transferring text or graphics from a woodblock or type to paper using ink. Presses using movable type first appeared in Europe in about 1450.
437388662SpainCountry that funded Columbus' voyages. One of the first two countries to lay claim to lands in the Americas.
437388663Moorsthe group of Muslims from North Africa who conquered Spain in the eighth century
437388664Ferdinand and IsabellaThe King and Queen of Spain during Columbus' voyages. They are the ones who funded him.
437388665Protestant Reformationa religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches
437388666Tradeexchange or give (something) in exchange for
437388667PortugalCountry to the west of Spain; ruled by Henry the Navigator. One of the first two countries to lay claim to lands in the Americas.
437388668Henry The Navigator(1394-1460) Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa.
437388669Nation StatesGroup of people united under one independent government. These formed out of nationalism.
437388670Christopher ColumbusItalian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)
437388671New Worldthe name given by Europeans to the Americas, which were unknown in Europe before the voyages of Christopher Columbus
437388672Amerigo VespucciThe Italian sailor who corrected Columbus's mistake, acknowledging the coasts of america as a new world. America is named after him.
437388673Papal Line of Demarcationline drawn by the Pope dividing the land in the New World into 2 parts, with Portugal being granted the East and Spain being granted the West
437388674Treaty of Tordesillasa 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.
437388675Vasco Nunez de BalboaSpanish explorer who became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean in 1510 while exploring Panama
437388676Ferdinand MagellanPortuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world.
437388677Hernan CortesSpanish explorer and conquistador who led the conquest of Aztec Mexico in 1519-1521 for Spain.
437388678Francisco PizzaroSpanish conquistador who conquered the Incas.
437388679ConquistadoresSpanish 'conqueror' or soldier in the New World. They were searching for the 3-G's: gold, God, and glory.
437388680Ecomienda Systema kind of feudalism granting Spanish colonists control of conquered lands and obliging the Indians to provide forced labor and a fixed portion of their harvests
437388681Asiento SystemSystem that took slaves to the New World to work for the Spanish. Required that a tax be paid to the Spanish ruler for each slave brought over.
437388682John CabotItalian-born navigator explored the coast of New England, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland. Gave England a claim in North America.
437388683Giovanni de VerrazanoItalian navigator, who was commissioned by France to find a Northwest Passage leading through the Americas to Asia; explored part of North America's eastern coast, including New York harbor (France)
437388684Jacques CartierFrench explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France (1491-1557)
437388685Samuel de ChaplainFounded the cities of Quebec and Montreal called the father of New France
437388686Father Jacques MarquetteFrench missionary who founded Michigan's first European settlement, Sault Ste. Marie, and later founded St. Ignace, Michigan. Along with Louis Jolliet were the first non-native american to see and map the northern portion of the Mississippi River.
437388687Robert de la SalleFrenchman who followed the Mississippi River all the way to the Gulf of Mexico, claiming the region for France and naming it Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV
437388688Henry HudsonDiscovered what today is known as the Hudson River. Sailed for the Dutch even though he was originally from England. He was looking for a northwest passage through North America.
437388689Joint Stock CompanyA company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.
437388690Father Junipero SerraFounded a chain of 21 missions along the California coast
437388691Virginia CompanyJoint-Stock Company in London that received a charter for land in the new world. Charter guarantees new colonists same rights as people back in England.
437388692JamestownThe first successful settlement in the Virginia colony founded in May, 1607. Harsh conditions nearly destroyed the colony but in 1610 supplies arrived with a new wave of settlers. The settlement became part of the Virginia Company of London in 1620. The population remained low due to lack of supplies until agriculture was solidly established. Jamestown grew to be a prosperous shipping port when John Rolfe introduced tobacco as a major export and cash crop.
437388693Captain John SmithEnglish explorer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, Virginia
437388694John RolfeHe was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.
437388695Pocahontasdaughter of powhatan, acted as an intermediary between settlers and Indians
437388696Royal ColonyA colony under the direct control of a monarch
437388697PuritansProtestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization.
437388698Plymouth ColonyColony founded by the Separatist Pilgrims who came over on the Mayflower. Located in New England.
437388699SeparitistsGroup that wanted to separate from the Church of England.
437388700PilgrimsGroup of English Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands.
437388701Mayflowerthe ship in which the Pilgrim Fathers sailed from England to Massachusetts in 1620
437388702Mayflower CompactThis document was drafted in 1620 prior to settlement by the Pilgrims at Plymouth Bay in Massachusetts. It declared that the 41 males who signed it agreed to accept majority rule and participate in a government in the best interest of all members of the colony. This agreement set the precedent for later documents outlining commonwealth rule.
437388703Massachusetts Bay ColonyOne of the first settlements in New England; established in 1630 and became a major Puritan colony. Became the state of Massachusetts, originally where Boston is located. It was a major trading center, and absorbed the Plymouth community
437388704John Winthrop1588-1649 First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630.
437388705Great Migrationmovement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920
437388706Virginia House of Burgesses1619. First elected legilative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia. Served as an early model of elected government in the New World.
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Ch.1 Exploring Data (Yates, Moore, Starnes)

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97426615variablesAny charateristics of an individual. A variable can take different values for different individuals
97426616categorical variablePlaces an individual into one of several groups or categories
97426617quantitative variableNumerical values for which arithmetic operations such as adding and averaging make sense
98528979distributionTells what values the variable takes and how often it takes these values
98528980outlierAn individual observation tht falls outside the overall pattern of the graph
98528981symmetricThe right and left sides of the histogram are approximately mirror images of each other
98528982relative cummulative frequency graphAnother name for an ogive
98528983exploratory data analysisUses graphs and numerical summaries to describe the variables in a data set and the relations among them
98528984medianThe midpoint of a distribution
98528985interquartile rangeThe distance between the first and third quartiles
98528986five number summaryConsists of the smallest observation, quartile one, the median, quartile three, and the largest observation
98528987modified boxplotGraph of the five number summary, with outliers plotted individually
98528988standard deviationThe square root of the variance. A measure of spread
98528989meanThe arithmetic average of the observations in a distribution
98528990data analysisMethods and strategies for exploring, organizing, and describing data using graphs and numerical summaries
98528991centerThe description of a distribution average
98528992histogramA plot for quantitative data that groups cases into rectangles or bars
98528993spreadVariability of a distribution
98528994individualsObjects described by a set of data
98528995rangeA measure of spread that is the difference between maximum and minimum values in a distribution
98528996statisticsThe studt of of the production, summarization, and analysis of data
98528997variabilityThe degree to which values in a distribution differ
98528998stem plotA graphical display with steams showing the leftmost digit of the values separated from the leaves showing the next digit or set of digits
98528999varianceA measure of spread equal to the square of the standard deviation
98529000skewed distributionDistribution that shows bunching at one end and a long tail stretching out in the opposite direction
98529001bar graphA display that shows frequencies for categorical data
98529002skewed rightThe right side of the histogram extends much farther out than the left side
98529003skewed leftThe left side of the histogram extends much farther out than the right side
98529004unimodalA distribution that has one peak
98529005bimodalA distribution that has two peaks
98529006multimodalA distribution that has three or more peaks
98529007seasonal variationA pattern that repeats itself at regular time intervals
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Chapter 12 American Pageant

American Pageant Chapter 12

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343364648Oliver Hazard PerryUnited States commodore who led the fleet that defeated the British on Lake Erie during the War of 1812
343364649Thomas Macdonoughnaval officer who forced the invading British army near Plattsburgh to retreat on September 11, 1814; He saved the upper New York from conquest.
343364650William henry Harrison9th President of the United States
343364651Francis Scott KeyUnited States lawyer and poet who wrote a poem after witnessing the British attack on Baltimore during the War of 1812
343364652Andrew Jackson7th president of the US
343364653Washington IrvingUnited States writer remembered for his stories (1783-1859)
343364654james Monroe5th President of the United States
343364655James Fenimore CooperUnited States novelist noted for his stories of indians and the frontier life (1789-1851)
343364656John MarshallChief Justice of the Supreme Court appointed by John Adams
343364657John C. CalhounSouth Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification
343364658John Quincy Adams6th President of the United States
343364659Daniel WebsterUnited States politician and orator (1782-1817)
343364660Henry ClayUnited States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states (1777-1852)
343364661Nationalismlove of country and willingness to sacrifice for it
343364662Peculiar Institutionsouthern euphemism for slavery
343364663Protective Tariffa tariff imposed to protect domestic firms from import competition
343364664Sectionalisma partiality for some particular place
343364665Noncolonizationno colonizing in the Americas, part of the Monroe Doctrine
343364666Internal Improvementsfederal projects, such as canals and roads, to develop the nation's transportation system
343364667Noninterventiona foreign policy of staying out of other countries' disputes
343364668Isolationisma policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations
343364669Ohio FeverEuropean immigrants bought large amounts of cheap west American land.
343364670Second Bank of the USJohn C. Calhoun introduced this to help the financial stability of the country by issuing national currency and regulating state banks
343364671McCulloch vs. MarylandThe state of Maryland taxed banknotes produced by the Bank of the United States, claiming that the Bank was unconstitutional. Using implied powers, Marshall countered that the Bank was constitutional and ruled that Maryland was forbidden from taxing the Bank.
343364672Tariff of 1816first tariff instituted primarily for protection rather than revenue
343364673Cohens vs. VirginiaThis case upheld the Supreme Court's jurisdiction to review the state court's decision where the case involved breaking federal laws.
343364674American Systeman economic regime pioneered by Henry Clay which created a high tariff to support internal improvements such as road-building. This approach was intended to allow the United States to grow and prosper by themselves This would eventually help America industrialize and become an economic power.
343364675Gibbons vs. Ogdensupreme court decision that ruled that the constitution gave control of interstate commerce to the U.S. Congress, not the individual states through which a route passed.
343364676Bonus Bill of 1817Calhoun's internal-improvements bill that Monroe vetoed on the basis of strict constructionalism.)
343364677Battle of Horseshoe Bendfought during the War of 1812 in central Alabama. On March 27, 1814, United States forces and Indian allies under General Andrew Jackson defeated the Red Sticks, a part of the Creek Indian tribe inspired by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh, effectively ending the Creek War.
343364678Fletcher vs. PeckJohn Marshall ruled against a state legislature that invalidated corrupt land sales in order to protect property rights.
343364679Virginia Dynasty"dynasty" comprised of the four of the first five presidents (Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe), all of whom Virginian plantation owners
343364680Era of Good FeelingsA name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts.
343364681Florida Purchase Treaty of 1819Treaty in which Spain agreed to cede its claims to Oregon and give Florida to the Americans in exchange for Texas
343364682TippecanoeHarrison's victory over Tecumseh (Shawnee) in Indiana in 1811 became the slogan of his presidential bid in 1840.
343364683Constitutionlaw determining the fundamental political principles of a government
343364684Battle of the ThamesWilliam Henry Harrison pushed up the river Thames into Upper Canada and on October 4, 1813, won a victory notable for the death of Tecumseh, who was serving as a brigadier general in the British army. This battle resulted in no lasting occupation of Canada, but weakened and disheartened the Indians of the Northwest.
343364685Land Act of 1820this authorized the purchase in cash of 80 acres for $1.25
343364686Monroe Doctrinean American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers
343364687Tallmadge AmendmentThis was an attempt to have no more slaves to be brought to Missouri and provided the gradual emancipation of the children of slaves. In the mind of the South, this was a threat to the sectional balance between North and South.
343364688Russo-American Treaty of 1824This treaty between Russia and America set the southern borders of Russian holdings in America at the line of 54 degrees- 40', the southern tip of Alaska.
343364689Missouri Compromisean agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories
343364690Treaty of Ghenttreaty that ended the war of 1812
343364691Battle of PlattsburghBattle where Thomas McDonough defeated the British in the North
343364692Hartford ConventionMeeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence
343364693Battle of New Orleansbattle in 1815 between american and british troops for control of New Orleans, ending in an american victory
343364694Blue Light Federaliststerm used by people who believed that certain federalists signaled the british when americans were coming
343364695Dartmouth College vs. Woodward1819, Marshall ruled that Dartmouth College's charter that had been granted by King George was to be upheld because it was a contract. Set precedent for protecting businesses from state governments. Example of federal law surpassing state law.
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Sampling Methods, Biases ,Observational vs. Experimental Studies

Chapter 2 , Pages 27-42

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467425177Observationalcollects data by observing characteristics( .i.e. survey ) . Looks for association.
467425178Experimentalcollects data by manipulating variables or controlling something. Looks for cause-and-effect.
467425179Simple Random Sample (SRS)each observational unit has an equal chance of being selected. (Think each observational unit being assigned a number 1-10 then put in a number generator , will pick numbers 1,4,7.2.)
467425180StratifiedSamples chosen from artificial/assigned sub-populations
467425181Systematicasking every nth person.
467425182Clustersamples chosen form natural groups
467425183Convienceasking your friends at lunch , just don't do it .
467425184Selection Biasestendencies form samples to differ because of systematic ecxulsion of a percent of the populations
467425185Measurement Biastendencies for samples to differ because of how or whom is taking the samples.
467425186Nonresponse Sampletendency for samples to differ in population because data is missing, due to unresponsive population.
467425187Sampling without Replacementafter a sample being selected from population sample can not be chosen again.
467425188Sampling with Replacementafter a sample being selected from a population it has a equal chance of being chosen again.
467425189confounding variable(takes place in observational study ) a variable that shows up in the experiment, other than the one being tested , that might otherwise effect the conclusion of the study .
467425190observationala study found that 3 and four year olds drinking something sweet twice a day doubled there risk of being overweight the next year.
467425191experimentala study ,of 3 and four year olds , where put into two groups, one was given fruit juice three time a day , for a year the other given water and milk , for a year. The study found that the juice group where twice as likely to be overweight as the other groups.
467425192observationalDo students change social groups at payton?
467425193experimentalWhat foods are more likely to cause morning sickness?
467425194observationalDo homes with internet what less television?
467425195experimentalWhat factors influence a bigger tip at restaurants?
467425196Selection BiasSurvey people about the environment as they come out of Starbucks.
467425197Selection BiasSurveying people listeners on a radio show about election outcome.
467425198Measurement BiasA police officer of CPD asking if you have ever committed a misdemeanor , in a random survey.
467425199Measurement BiasAsking your best friends if it is okay to date their younger sisters.
467425200Non-response BiasSending a survey through junk mail.
467425201Simple Random SampleA teacher pulling names from a hat for who gets to take the class turtle home.
467425202Stratified SampleThe tier system for selective enrollment.
467425203ConvienceAsking your friends what dress you should wear to prom.
467425204SystematicSecurity searches every 7th person at the Usher concert.
467425205ClusterSelecting two advisories from each grade to survey about the longer school day.
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Language of the Stock Market #1

Terms : Hide Images
310431499Stock MarketA general term used to describe all transactions involving the buying and selling of stock shares issued by a company.
310431500StockA share of ownership in the assets and earnings of a business.
310431501Stock CertificateThe piece of paper a shareholder receives representing their ownership of a stock.
310431502Investment RiskThe uncertainty about the outcome of an investment.
310431503Rate of ReturnThe increase or decrease in the original purchase price of an investment.
310431504Common StockShares or units of ownership in a public corporation. The shareholder has voting rights in the corporation.
310431505DividendsDistributions of earnings paid to stockholders.
310431506Preferred StockShares which pay fixed dividends and have precedence over common stock.
310431507Dow Jones Industrial AverageOldest indicator of the ups and downs of the stock market. Lists the 30 leading industrial blue chip stocks.
310431508S & P 500Tracks the stock market activity for 500 stocks.
310431509NASDAQMonitors fast moving technology and financial services stocks. Usually the companies are smaller and transactions occur over an electronic market.
310431510Bear MarketThe market is doing poorly and investors are not confident in the economy. Investors are not purchasing stocks and are selling what is already owned.
310431511Bull MarketThe market is doing well and investors are optimistic about the economy and purchasing stocks.
310431512BrokerA person who is licensed to buy and sell stocks, provides investment advice, and collects a commission on each purchase or sale.
310431513New York Stock ExchangeThe oldest and largest exchange with the strictest company standards.
310431514American Stock ExchangeThe second largest exchange with less stringent requirements allowing for younger, smaller companies to be listed.
310431515Regional Stock ExchangeStocks traded to investors who are living in a specific geographical area.
310440966Stock Ticker SymbolA stock's abbreviated trading symbol name.
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AP US Chapter 5: Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution, 1700-1775

AP US chapter 5 studyguide

Terms : Hide Images
214507799melting potthe mingling of diverse ethnic groups in America, including the idea that these groups are or should be "melting" into a single culture or people
214507800secta small religious group that has broken away from some larger mainstream church, often claiming superior or exclusive possession of religious truth
214519739agitatorsthose who seek to excite or persuade the public on some issue
214519740stratificationthe visible arrangement of society into a hierarchical pattern, with distinct social groups layered one on top of the other
214519741mobilitythe capacity to pass readily from one social or economic condition to another
214519742elitethe smaller group at the top of a society or institution, usually possessing wealth, power, or special privileges
214519743almshousea home for poor, supported by charity or public funds
214519744gentrylandowners of substantial property, social standing, and leisure, but not titled nobility
214519745tenant farmerone who rents rather than owns land
214519746penal codethe body of criminal laws specifying offenses and prescribing punishments
214519747vetothe executive power to prevent acts passed by the legislature from becoming law
214519748apprenticea person who works under a master to acquire instruction in a trade or profession
214519749speculationbuying land or anything else in the hope of profiting by an expected rise in price
214519750revivalin religion, a movement of renewed enthusiasm and commitment, often accompanied by special meetings or evagelical activity
214519751secularbelonging to the worldly sphere rather than to the specifically sacred or churchly
214519752the primary reason for the spectacular growth of America's population in the eighteenth century was...the natural fertility of the population
214519753German settlement in the colonies was especially heavy in...Pennsylvania
214519754the Scots-Irish eventually became concentrated especially in...the frontier areas
214519755compared with the seventeenth century, American colonial society in the eighteenth century showed...greater gaps in wealth and status between rich and poor; however, there was also greater opportunity for convicts and indentured servants to climb to the top
214519756the most honored professional in colonial America was the...clergyman
214519757the primary source of livelihood for most colonial Americans was...agriculture
214519758Indians and African Americans shared in the common American experience of...creating new cultures and societies out of the mingling of diverse ethinc groups
214519759an unfortunate group of involuntary immigrants who ranked even below indentured servants on the American social scale were...convicts and paupers
214519760the "triangular trade" involved the sale of rum, molasses, and slaves among the ports of...New England, Africa, and the West Indies
214519761the passage of British restrictions on trade encouraged colonial merchants to...find ways to smuggle and otherwise evade the law by trading with other countries
214519762besides offering rest and refreshment, colonial taverns served an important function as centers of...news and political opinion
214519763the Anglican Church suffered in colonial America because of...its poorly qualified clergy and close ties with British authorities
214519764the two denominations that enjoyed the status of "established" churches in various colonies were the...Anglicans and Congregationalists
214519765among the many important results of the Great Awakening was that it...broke down sectional boundaries and created a greater sense of common American identity
214519766a primary weapon used by colonial legislatures in their conflicts with royal governors was...using their power of the purse to withhold the governor's salary
214527292Dutchcorruption of a German word used as a term for German immigrants in Pennsylvania
214527293Scots-Irishethnic group that had already relocated once before immigrating to America and settling largely on the Western frontier of the middle and southern colonies
214527294Regulator Movementrebellious movement of frontiersmen in the southern colonies that included future President Andrew Jackson
214527295Jayle Birdspopular term for convicted criminals dumped on colonies by British authorities
214527296Praying Townsterm for New England settlements where Indians from various tribes were gathered to be Christianized
214527297lawyera once-despised profession that rose in prestige after 1750 because its practitioners defended colonial rights
214527298triangular tradesmall but profitable trade route that linked New England, Africa, and the West Indies
214527299tavernspopular colonial centers of recreation, gossip, and political debate
214527300established churchterm for tax-supported condition of Congregational and Anglican churches, but not Baptists, Quakers, and Roman Catholics
214527301Great Awakeningspectacular, emotional religious revival of the 1730s and 1740s
214527302new lightsministers who supported the Great Awakening against the "old light" clergy who rejected it
214527303collegesinstitutions that were founded in greater numbers as a result of the Great Awakening
214527304Zenger Trialthe case that established the precedent that true statements about public officials could not be prosecuted as libel
214527305councilthe upper house of a colonial legislature, appointed by the crown or the proprietor
214527306Poor Richard's AlmanackBenjamin Franklin's hightly popular collection of information, parables, and advice
214527307Philadelphialeading city of the colonies; home of Benjamin Franklin
214527308African Americanslargest non-English group in the colonies
214527309Scots-Irishgroup that settled the frontier, made whiskey, and hated the British and other governmental authorities
214527310Paxton Boys and RegulatorsScots-Irish frontiersmen who protested against colonial elites of Pennsylvania and North Carolina
214527311Patrick Henryeloquent lawyer-orator who argued in defense of colonial rights
214527312Molasses Actattempt by British authorities to squelch colonial trade with French West Indies
214527313Anglican churchestablished religion in southern colonies and New York; weakened by lackadaisical clergy and too-close ties with British crown
214527314Johnathan Edwardsbrilliant New England theologian who instigated the Great Awakening
214527315George Whitefielditinerant British evangelist who spread the Great Awakening throughout the colonies
214527316Phillis Wheatlyformer slave who became a poet at an early age
214527317Benjamin Franklinauthor, scientist, printer; "the first civilized American"
214527318John Peter Zengercolonial printer whose case helped begin freedom of the press
214527319Quakersdominant religious group in colonial Pennsylvania, criticized by others for their attitudes towards Indians
214527320Baptistsnonestablished religious group that benefited from the Great Awakening
214527321John Singleton Copleycolonial painter who studied an worked in Britian
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C02 - PPC & Opportunity Cost

Production Possibilities and Opportunity Cost

Terms : Hide Images
14172905Factor of ProductionAny resource used in the productive process, which includes land, labor, capital, and entreprenuership.
14172906LandNatural resources - water, air, minerals, trees, forests, etc.
14172907LaborHuman effort, physical or mental, used in the productive process.
14172908CapitalMan made goods used in the production of other goods or services.
14172909Human CapitalThe knowledge and skills of labor, acquired primarly by education and training.
14172910EntreprenuershipA person who assumes the risks and uncertainties of doing business.
14172911Production PossibilitiesVarious combinations of goods than can be produced in an economy assuming economic efficiency.
14172912Economic EfficiencyMaximum production of goods and services with fullest employment of an economies resources.
14172913UnemploymentAt least one factor of production is unused.
14172914UnderemploymentUsing resources, but not to their greatest potential.
14172915Opportunity CostThe best or most valued alternative sacrificed in order to have something else. What is given up in order to have something else.
14172916SpecializationThe division of work into specialized activities or tasks, allowing people to be more productive.
14172917TANSTAAFL Principle"There ain't no such thing as a free lunch." - Every choice made involves an opportunity cost.
14172918Absolute AdvantageThe ability to produce using the fewest resources.
14172919Comparative AdvantageThe ability to product with the lowest opportunity cost.
14172920InnovationAn idea that eventually becomes a new, applied technology.
14172921Law of Increasing CostsThe idea that as we shift factors of production from making one good or service to another, the cost of producing the second item increases
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AP US Chapter 29 Test

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139707541Three ways to make an empire are...Buy it, take it, make it economically dependent
139707542Spanish document that insulted McKinnley was the...DeLome Letter
139707543Most people died from what during the war?Yellow fever
139707544What was another name for the Spanish War given to it by John Hay?The "Splendid Little War"
139707545America essentially went from "second class" in the world to the top because of what?Industrial production
139707546Pan American ConferenceConference held to make better relations with Latin Americans, wanted to lower tariff to be able to trade more
139821182Alfred Thayer MahanWrote the book "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History," which argued that the control of the sea was the key to world dominance
139821183James G. BlainePushed his "big sister" policy that aimed to rally the Latin American nations behind the United States' leadership and to open Latin American markets to Yankee traders. Presided over the Pan American Conference
139821184Monroe DoctrineThe document America accused the British of going against by attempting to dominate Venezuela and gain more territory in the dispute over the jungle boundary between British Guiana and Venezuela. They recommended arbitration because of it.
139821185Richard OlneyAuthorized by President Cleaveland when he decided to protest against the British during the Venezuelan jungle border dispute to present a note to London: told them they were "flouting" Monroe Doctrine and should submit dispute to arbitration.
139821186Joseph PulitzerYellow press
139821187William Randolph HearstYellow press
139821188Henry Cabot LodgeInterpreted Darwinism to mean that the earth belonged to the strong and the fit
139821189The result of the Venezuelan dispute's arbitration was...Final decision awarded a lot of what Britain had wanted in the first place, Venezuela got a lot of it back.
139821190Queen Liliuokalani was removed from power because...?She stood in the way of annexation of Hawaii
139821191Was Roosevlet an imperialist or an isolationist?Imperialist
139821192Was Alfred Thayer Mahan an imperialist or an isolationist?Imperialist
139821193Was McKinnley an imperialist or an isolationist?Imperialist
139821194Was Cleaveland an imperialist or an isolationist?Isolationist
139821195Was Bryan an imperialist or an isolationist?Isolationist
139821196When was the first time the United States looked like an empire and like it was imperialist?When it annexed Hawaii
139821197Why did the United States get involved in Cuba?Because of the sugar issue. Cuba burned all the sugar crops to get America's attention because it was one of two places of huge sugar crops (Hawaii was the other one).
139821198How did the United States react to Cuba's problems?Sent the Maine, got blown-up. Was blamed on the Spanish.
139821199What was the real reason that McKinnley declared war?Yellow journalism had influenced Americans into pressing him for a war, also he was offended by the DeLome letter
139821200What was the irony of the United States declaring war on Spain?They already had it worked out and were cooperating
139821201What was a major reason that the United States won the Spanish-American war?We had steel ships, whereas they had wooden ones in awful conditions
139821202Emilio AguinaldoWell-educated, part-Chinese leader who commanded Filipino insurgents in helping American troops.
139821203Rough RidersRegiment of volunteers, principally organized by Theodore Roosevelt, but led by Leonard Wood. Part of the invading army. Tampa Bay, Florida. Later became known as "Wood's Weary Walkers."
139821204Leonard WoodLeader of the Rough Riders
139821205*The Spanish fleet was destroyed at what battle?Manila, 1898
139821206What was something that was controversial that came out of the war?We took the Philippines as plunder and then didn't give it back
139821207What were things that could be considered plunder from the war?Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam
139821208What was McKinnley's reasoning for keeping the Philippines?He said that "they needed our help" and eventually we might "give it back"
139821209Why did Puerto Ricans come to the United States?For jobs
139821210Did the Constitutional laws apply to the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico?No, US laws do not apply
139821211What did the Spanish-American war signify over all?That the United States was no longer "the good guy," but now an empire
139821212What areas do the United States focus on while building up their empire?The South Pacific and Asia
139821213Put these events in order: - Declaration of War - Teller Amendment - Platt Amendment - Sinking of the Maine1. 2. 3. 4. Platt Amendment
139821214Platt AmendmentCubans were forced to write it into their Constitution. Restricted them by making them promise not to impair their independence by treaty or by contracting a debt beyond their resources, allowing U.S. to intervene to restore order with troops/offer mutual protection at any given time, promised to sell/lease needed coaling or naval station to U.S.
139821215WeylerSpanish general that suppressed rebellion of Cubans by putting them in barbed wire concentration camps, many killed
139821216Teller AmendmentProclaimed that when the United States had overthrown Spanish misrule, it would give the Cubans their freedom. Written by Henry Teller.
139821217George DeweyCommanded by Roosevelt to descend upon Spain's Philippines in the event of war. Won magnificently at battle of Manila, 400 Spanish wounded/killed. No one on the U.S.'s side died. Killed the entire Spanish fleet. Became a national hero overnight.
139821218Admiral CerveraSpanish admiral who was in the navy, constantly protesting because he said it was basically "suicide" considering the condition of the ships. Surrendered at Santiago.
139821219General Nelson A. MilesLed an army to Puerto Rico, where most of the people there treated them as liberating heroes
139821220Josiah Stronga popular American minister in the late 1800s who linked Anglo-Saxonism to Christian missionary ideas
139821221Sanford DoleHe asked US to annex Hawaii.
139821222Foraker ActGave Puerto Rico limited popular government, then later gave Puerto Ricans full citizenship
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