| CourseNotes

The Enduring Vision V1 Ch. 1-3 Flashcards

Chapters 1-3 from the Enduring Vision: Volume 1

1618899264	Iroquois Confederacy	A powerful group of Native Americans in the eastern part of the United States made up of five nations: the Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondoga, and Oneida.	0
1618899265	Archaic Peoples	The Native Americans that came after the Paleo-Indians. They had increased food production, a higher population, village-type communities, and distinguished roles for men and women.	1
1618899266	Paleo-Indians	These were the Earliest known Native Americans. They traveled in small bands of 15-50 people, lived off of hunting and gathering, and used stone tools.	2
1618899267	Mesoamerica	This early civilization included Mexico and Central America and it was based on sedentary agriculture and the cultivation of maize and food production. The Aztecs, Incas, and Mayans lived in this area.	3
1618899268	Reciprocity	Exchanging of gifts and favors that encouraged equilibrium and interdependence.	4
1618899269	Maize	(a.k.a. corn) this crop was the most important crop among all the Native Americans. It was traded over long distances and in Mesoamerica, it was somewhat genetically engineered to be more healthy and abundant.	5
1618899270	Reciprocity (native v. European)	Native reciprocity was an exchange between Natives and (usually) Europeans. European reciprocity was between different social classes to encourage hierarchy.	6
1618899271	Nuclear Families	Family structure composed of one or both parents and children. Most Native Americans did not form this type of family.	7
1618899272	Extended Families	Family structure composed of several generations: aunts, uncles, and grandparents, as well as parents & children. Most Native Americans formed this type of family.	8
1618899273	Puritans	A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.	9
1618899274	Christopher Columbus	An Italian navigator who was funded by the Spanish Government (Ferdinand and Isabella) to find a passage to the Far East, but ended up finding the New World. He was America's first slave trader and the first conquistador. He discovered Hispaniola and forced the Natives there to mine for gold. At his death he believed he had made it to India, not some New World.	10
1618899275	joint-stock company	A business corporation that amassed capital through sales of stock to investors. investors bought stock and received a portion of the business's profit.	11
1618899276	new slavery	The form of slavery adopted by first by the Portuguese, then later by other European powers. The amount of trade resulted in a demographic catastrophe for West Africa and its peoples. African Slaves were subjected to new extremes of dehumanization. they were regarded as property more than people. Lastly, it greatly increased racism by making whites feel superior to blacks and justify poor treatment of them by using religion.	12
1618899277	Indian slavery	There was not much of this, because Indians were not very good slaves, but for those that were slaves, the whites treated them just as they did the Africans. The whites felt superior to the Indians and felt that it was their Christian duty to help them.	13
1618899278	Columbian exchange	The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world mainly following Columbus's voyages.	14
1618899279	encomiendas	Grants awarding Indian labor to wealthy colonists.	15
1618899280	New Mexico	Spanish royal colony proclaimed by Onate.	16
1618899281	New France	French colony in Quebec founded by Samuel de Champlain. It was founded for a source of revenue and as a way to deter the English, Dutch, and French independent traders.	17
1618899282	Virginia Company of London	A joint stock company that recieved a charter from King James I to create a settlement in America. They provided the funding for the development of the Jamestown colony.	18
1618899283	John Rolfe	An Englishman who became a colonist in the early settlement of Virginia. He is best known as the man who married the Native American, Pocahontas, and took her to his homeland of England. Rolfe was also the savior of the Virginia colony Jamestown by perfecting the tobacco industry in North America.	19
1618899284	Tobacco	Cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown. People grew it to make a profit, but after a while, the price of it went down and people were not making great profits on it anymore.	20
1618899285	indentured servants	Immigrants who received free passage to America in exchange for a fixed term of labor.	21
1618899286	Saint Augustine, FL	The first lasting European post in North America.	22
1618899287	Jamestown	The first permanent English settlement in North America. It suffered from harsh winters and lack of a good economy, but John Rolfe's cultivation of tobacco saved it.	23
1618899288	John Smith	Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter.	24
1618899289	Pocahontas	Powhatan woman (the daughter of Powhatan) who befriended the English at Jamestown, married John Rolfe, and is said to have saved Captain John Smith's life.	25
1618899290	Great Migration	The migration of Puritans to Massachusetts Bay, in which about 21,000 settlers arrived in the New World looking for a better life.	26
1618899291	Harvard College	The first college in the New World, which was founded by the Puritans to train ministers.	27
1618899292	Plymouth	Colony settled by the Pilgrims in 1620. It eventually merged with Massachusetts Bay colony.	28
1618899293	Little Commonwealth	Nickname of a normal European nuclear family. The father is the head, the mother rears and raises the children, and the children help around the house and support the family.	29
1618899294	New Netherlands	Dutch colony on the Hudson River that was conquered by the English and renamed New York. They enjoyed trading beaver furs with the Natives.	30
1618899295	New Amsterdam	Capital of New Netherlands that was later to become New York.	31
1618899296	royal colony	A colony under the direct control of a monarch. Not many colonies were royal colonies.	32
1618899297	proprietary colony	A colony owned and ruled by one person who was chosen by a king or queen, also known as the proprietor.	33
1618899298	Lord Baltimore	Founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists. He did this so that Catholics could have a place to go in America. He was an absentee proprietor.	34
1618899299	Maryland Colony	A proprietary colony founded by Lord Baltimore. It was especially known for its religious toleration, which was put into place to make Maryland a safe place for Catholics.	35
1618899300	Third Anglo-Powhatan War	A war between the Powhatan tribe under the leadership of Opechancanough and the English colonists.	36
1618899301	Bacon's Rebellion	An expedition attacking all Indians in general. They killed many peaceful Indians. Berkeley gave them permission to seize enemy Indians' food and possessions and to keep Indian prisoners as slaves. He soon had second thoughts about it and tried to stop Bacon's troops. The rebels attacked Jamestown, burned the capital, and offered freedom to any of Berkeley's supporters who joined the uprising. They were doing quite well until Bacon died of dysentery, which quickly ended the rebellion.	37
1618899302	William Berkeley	Governor of Virginia, who exempted himself and his councilors from taxation, restricted the vote to only property owners, and had special terms with the neighboring Natives, which all led to Bacon's Rebellion	38
1618899303	John Winthrop	Puritan leader of Massachusetts who was focused on making the colony a "City Upon a Hill". He wanted his people to be a good example of Christianity to those around them. He wrote "A Model of Christian Charity", putting out his views of how his colony should act.	39
1618899304	A Model of Christian Charity	Written by John Winthrop, stressing Massachusetts to be a "City Upon a Hill". It was stressing that the colonists be an example to others and for the colony to be a harmonious, godly community.	40
1618899305	New England Way	The Puritans's set of beliefs that stressed godliness, education, hard work, and honesty, which was practiced in New England.	41
1618899306	Roger Williams	Banished for his beliefs in religious toleration and separation of church and state (state would corrupt church). He moved to a place he bought and named Providence, which later became Rhode Island. It was the only New England colony to practice religious toleration.	42
1618899307	Anne Hutchison	She publicly criticized the clergy for judging prospective church members on the basis of "good works", and she argued that ministers who scrutinized a person's outward behavior for "signs" of salvation, especially when that person was relating his or her conversion experience, were substituting their own judgment for God's. She was the leader of the Antinomians. She was put on trial and, even though her knowledge of Scripture was much better than her interrogators, she was banished for saying that God spoke to her. She eventually settled in Rhode Island.	43
1618899308	Antimonians	Nickname for those opposed to the rule of law. they were Anne Hutchinson's followers.	44
1618899309	Restoration	Refers to when King Charles II took the throne in England after Oliver Cromwell. For England, this was good, but for the Puritans, this was bad. Charles sought to undermine Puritan rule, especially in Massachusetts, putting its leaders increasingly on the defensive.	45
1618899310	Pequot War	The war that the people of Massachusetts waged against the Pequot Indians of Connecticut. The English used a method to kill them by setting fire to their villages and killing any who tried to escape. The Pequot quickly lost the war and their lands were awarded to the colonists of Connecticut and New Haven.	46
1618899311	King Philip's War	An Anglo-Indian war between the colonists and two-thirds of the colonies' Native Americans. These Indians were familiar with guns and were as well armed as the colonists. The Indians successfully killed twenty-five hundred colonists. The Indians were crushed when some local Indians joined the English against them. This war reduced Indian population by 40 percent and deepened English hostility toward all Native Americans.	47
1618899312	Metacom	Also known as King Philip, he led the Native Americans in the King Philip's War.	48
1618899313	Beaver Wars	A series of bloody conflicts between the Iroquois and the Hurons and other French allies for control of the fur trade.	49
1618899314	Salem Witchcraft	A time of extreme havoc for Salem, Massachusetts. Some girls accused another girl of being a witch, which led to many people being accused for witchcraft. The people of Salem were very afraid of witches, and so it required barely any evidence to convict someone of witchcraft. What was a way to convict a person of witchcraft became a way for people to punish those above them. Most of the people convicted were women of high social class. This event showed how the lower people felt towards the higher people.	50
1618899315	William Penn	A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.	51
1618899316	Quakers	The "Society of Friends", they were pacifists who believed in equality between men and women in the church, that the Inner Light (Holy Spirit) could inspire all, and that wealth and family did not affect one's spiritual status. They did not believe in hierarchy. They gave Pennsylvania a strong executive branch and a lower legislative chamber.	52
1618899317	Robert Cavalier de la Salle	Descended the entire Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. He claimed the entire Mississippi basin for Louis XIV, naming it Louisiana.	53
1618899318	Ancestral Pueblo	Originated in the Four Corners area. They were harvesting crops, living in permanent villages, and making pottery. They were well known for their architecture. They did well but declined as a result of drought.	54
1618899319	Pueblo Revolt	The most successful Indian uprising in American history in 1680. Led by Pope, the rebels started a massive siege against Santa Fe, which ended up making the Spanish flee from New Mexico. Later, Diego de Vargas arrived to reconquer New Mexico using violence. The Spanish did not effectively control the area from the Pueblos until 1700. Later, the Spanish needed Pueblo help to control the Apaches, and to convince the Pueblos to help, the Spanish abolished the encomienda.	55
1618899320	Mercantilism	A nation's power was measured by its wealth. To secure wealth, a country needed to maximize its sale of goods abroad while minimizing foreign purchases and use of foreign shippers. It was basically a method of colonies supporting their mother country.	56
1618899321	Coureurs de bois	Independent traders unconstrained by government authority. This was mainly referring to French independent fur traders.	57

Powered by Quizlet.com

the american pageant 15th edition chapter review questions chapters 1-5 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

1641803811	Chapter 1: 1.The first European explorers reached the region that would become the Americas	More than 500 years ago	0
1641813623	2.What proof has lead researchers to conclude that the earth was once contained in a single continent	There are identical species of fish in freshwater lakes all around the globe	1
1641822334	3.What is the dominant theory about how the first people arrived in what we now call North America	They walked across a land bridge from Eurasia to North America	2
1641831123	4.The Incans, Mayans, and Aztecs owe the development of their sophisticated early civilization to	Agriculture, particularly the cultivation of corn or a maize	3
1641858796	5.What was three-sister farming?	An agricultural method in which corn beans and squash were grown together	4
1641877922	6.Native Americans did NOT make a major imprint on the land they used for all of the following EXCEPT they	feared changing it would impact their survival	5
1641886075	7.which of these reasons did NOT drive the europeans exploration that led to the "discovery" of the New World	Population surges and land shortages	6
1652275503	8.The plantation system was first developed	By portuguese explorers in west Africa	7
1652275504	9.All of the following events in the fifteenth century set the stage for the dramatic and unexpected discovery of the new world EXCEPT	Wars between rival european countries.	8
1652275505	10. What was the Columbian exchange?	The transfer of plants, animals, culture, and diseases that occurred after the Columbus's voyage.	9
1652275506	11. In the treaty of Tordesillas, Spain	divided up the so-called New World with Portugal	10
1652282082	12. Some of the scholars see the origins of modern capitalism in New World discoveries of precious metals for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that	they decreased the cost of consumer goods dramatically	11
1652639024	13. Spanish conquistadores, traveling to the New World, hoped to gain all of the following EXCEPT	the chance to organize an army	12
1652639025	14. Which of the following men was NOT an explorer for Spain	Hernan cortes	13
1652639026	15. how did the end of the ice age affect the peopling of the Americas.	It allowed settlers to roam east and south, reaching all points of the continent.	14
1652753854	16. the spanish empire in america imported old world culture and ideas by doing all of the following EXCEPT	shunning and isolating the Native Americans	15
1652753855	chapter 2 why did England show little interest in colonizing the New world during the 1500s	it didn't want to compete with its ally spain	16
1652753856	the event that signaled the beginning of the end of the Spanish empire in the New World was	the defeat of the Spanish Armada	17
1652753857	the English first attempted colonization in the americas in	plymouth	18
1652753858	which of the following did not influence the dramatic rise of England's colonization efforts in the early 1600s	Promised rewards for explorers from the crown	19
1652753859	what makes the Virginia company charter such a significant document to american history ?	It guaranteed jamestown colonists citizenship rights equal to those of Englishmen	20
1652753860	what single cause was responsible for the death of so many jamestown settlers in the early years	starvation	21
1652753861	after the arrival of the Europeans in North America which of the following did NOT negatively impact the Native American cultural life	the introduction of horses	22
1652753862	the primary labor source for the early development of the plantation colonies off Virginia and Maryland waas	indentured servants	23
1652753863	the Acts of Toleration (1649) granted the Maryland's was	Legal sanction for importing african slaves	24
1652756542	the struggling Virginia economy was ultimately saved by	peace treaties with local Native American nation	25
1652760658	the purpose of slave codes was to	limit the rights and behavior of Negro slaves	26
1653012220	Which of these was NOT a reason for the founding of Georgia?	to become a stronghold for the slave trade	27
1653019161	The Iroquois became powerful in the 1500s and 1600s by	merging with other branches of tribes	28
1653032696	Which of the following traits were NOT shared by all of England's plantation colonies(Maryland, Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia)?	the birth of large urban port cities	29
1653043325	which of the following effects of excessive planting England's southern colonies contributed to westward expansion during colonial times and beyond?	soil butchery	30
1653105266	english settlers exerted their power over the Native Americans in all of the following ways EXCEPT by	destroying Native American customs in the Great-Lakes area	31
1653105267	Chapter 3 All of the following were tenets of Calvinism EXCEPT that	by doing good deeds in this life, people could earn a place in gods kingdom in the after life	32
1653105268	separatists were Puritans who broke away because they	disliked the fact that all English subjects, regardless of piety were automatically church members	33
1653105269	why did the Separatists who fled the London for Holland eventually settle in the New World?	They were worried about the "Dutchification" of their children and wanted to practice their religion as English citizens	34
1653285110	the mayflower compact is significant because it	included signatures of men and woman who arrived on the Mayflower	35
1653285111	The colony founded by the pilgrims in Plymouth bay was	prosperous within a year based on a bountiful harvest	36
1653285112	what did Massachusetts governor john Winthrop mean when he said " we shall be as a city on this hill "	He hoped the colony would become a holy society that would serve as a model for people everywhere	37
1653285113	what was the single most important qualification for voting above all others in the provincial governments of the Massachusetts Bay Colony	church membership	38
1653285114	Today both Anne Hutchinson and Rodger Williams are considered heroes for all of these reasons EXCEPT	founded successful colonies elsewhere	39
1653285115	how did Indians resist English encroachment on their land?	By forming inter tribal alliances	40
1653285116	established in 1686 the Dominion of New England was	England's attempt to consolidate and better control its northeastern colonies	41
1653285117	the dutch colony of New Netherland finally became the english colony New York as a result of	a battle by the English against Dutch forces in New amsterdam	42
1653392298	which of the following statements about Pennsylvania colony is NOT true?	Relations between early colonists and Indians were initially tense	43
1653392299	the middle colonies New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Pennsylvania, all had which of the following traits in common	Rich fertile soil that enabled the region to produce and export vast quantities of grain	44
1653392300	What are blue laws	the rules that guided how large a tract of land a person would receive	45
1653392301	The mayflower compact, fundamental orders of Connecticut and the first frame of government in Pennsylvania are all evidence of	democracy in the british colonies	46
1653392302	the middle colonies are considered by some to be the most american part about america for all of the following reasons except that	settlers avoided purchasing and using slave labor	47
1653392303	early colonists in the Chesapeake struggled with all of the following EXCEPT	land that was difficult to farm	48
1653392304	what were freedom dues	farm implements, clothes, and sometimes land given to former indentured servants	49
1653392305	Bacon's rebellion was triggered by	land shortages and indian policies	50
1653392306	what was the middle passage	the transatlantic journey that brought slaves to the americas	51
1653392307	slave codes had all of the following except that	they were first implemented in the carolinas	52
1653393483	what is Gullah?	A slave language	53
1653405852	the stono rebellion was	an example of slaves anger at their treatment and permanent servitude	54
1653428690	all of the following are true about early slave EXCEPT that	slave imports continued to outnumber American-slaves well into the late 1700s	55
1653438493	how did slaves adapt the christian religion to make it their own?	They infuse their worship with singing and dancing	56
1653491611	the largest social group of white virginians were	small farmers	57
1653583211	the early puritans in New England lived	almost as long as Americans today	58
1653583212	why did New England leaders block women from retaining separate property and inheriting their husbands estates the way southern women did?	they feared that the family unity would be undermined	59
1653583213	all of the following statements about the witchcraft hysteria and trials in salem in the 1690s are true EXCEPT that	property owning women were often targets	60
1653583214	how did the New England settlers ideas about land differ from those of the indians they encountered	the indians used the land for farming while the English wanted it for livestock	61
1653583215	which of the following geographic features most contributed to New England settlers seeking new land in the west.	access to waterways	62
1653583216	what was not a difference between southern and New England society?	southerners emphasized farming over all other pursuits while New Englanders viewed education as essential	63
1653591922	what were the political ramifications of the surging population growth in the american colonies from 1700s to 1775	the ratio of american colonists to english subjects dramatically declined	64
1653619430	all of the following statements are true about scots-irish immigrants to Pennsylvania EXCEPT that	they were tolerant of local indians	65
1653632030	the ethnic diversity of the eighteenth-century american colonies is significant because it	Paved the way for a new multi cultural american identity	66
1653645103	which of these did not contribute to the increasing social stratification and declining opportunities for social mobility in pre-revolutionary america	the rising number of convicts sent to the colonies	67
1654355901	despite the constant threat of small pox american colonists resisted inoculation mainly because	ministers regarded inoculation as tampering with gods will	68
1654355902	which of the following was surest path to quick wealth in eighteenth century america	commerce and land speculation	69
1654355903	the term triangular trade describes	rum sent from New England to trade for slaves in Africa who were then exchanged for molasses in the West Indies that could be sold back to New England	70
1654355904	The single most important manufacturing activity in the colonies in the 1700s was	lumbering	71
1654355905	what did parliament hope to accomplish with the molasses act	cut off american trade with the french West Indies	72
1654362066	in the early eighteenth century the Puritan religion declined for all of the following reasons except	increased tithing(taxing) of church members	73
1654370920	which of these did not result from the great awakening	a heightened sense of sectional and regional differences developed	74
1654370921	early college education in New England was designed to	prepare young men to become ministers	75
1654375564	which of these is NOT numbered among Benjamin Franklins many contributions to america	writing the declaration of independance	76
1654378886	the Zenger case is significant for	establishing freedom of the press	77
1654404584	which of the following figures played a crucial role in developing american character	Benjamin Franklin	78
1654412193	all of the following are true about education and religion in the colonies except that	the majority of the faculty at each college comprised church officials	79

Powered by Quizlet.com

American Pageant 15th Edition-Exam 1 Flashcards

American History from the beginning to 1877. Chapters 1-4.

Terms : Hide Images

1541716866	Canadian Shield	First part of the North American land mass to emerge above sea level	1
1541716867	Incas	Highly advanced South American civilization that occupied present-day Peru until they were conquered by Spanish forces under Francisco Pizarro in 1532. The Incas developed sophisticated agricultural techniques, such as terrace farming, in order to sustain large complex societies in the unforgiving Andes Mountains.	2
1541716868	Aztecs	Native American empire that controlled present-day Mexico until 1521, when they were conquered by Spanish Hernan Cortes. The Aztecs maintained control over their vast empire through a system of trade and tribute, and came to be known for their advances in mathematics and writing, and their use of human sacrifices in religious ceremonies.	3
1541716869	Nation-States	Political entities that exist simultaneously as sovereign geo-political units and national cultural communities.	4
1541716870	Cahokia	c. 1100 AD. Mississippian settlement near present-day East St. Louis, home to as many as 25,000 Native Americans.	5
1541716871	Three-Sister Farming	Agricultural system employed by North American Indians as early as 1000 AD; maize, beans, and quash were grown together to maximize yields.	6
1541716872	Middlemen	In trading systems, those dealers who operate between the original producers of goods and the retail merchants who sell to consumers. After the eleventh century, European exploration was driven in large part by a desire to acquire alluring Asian goods without paying heavy tolls to Muslim middlemen.	7
1541716873	Caravel	Small regular vessel with a high deck and three triangular sails. Caravels could sail more closely into the wind, allowing European sailors to explore the Western shores of Africa, previously made inaccessible due to prevailing winds on the homeward journey.	8
1541716874	Plantation	Large-scale agricultural enterprise growing commercial crops and usually employed coerced or slave labor. European settlers established plantations in Africa, South American, the Caribbean, and the American South.	9
1541716875	Columbian Exchange	The transfer of goods, crops, and diseases between New and Old World societies after 1492.	10
1541716876	Treaty of Tordesillas	1494. Signed by Spain and Portugal, dividing the territories of the New World. Spain received the bulk of territory in the Americas, compensating Portugal with titles to lands in Africa and Asia.	11
1541716877	Conquistadores	Sixteenth-century Spaniards who fanned out across the Americas, from Colorado to Argentina, eventually conquering the Aztec and Incan Empires.	12
1541716878	Capitalism	Economic system characterized by private property, generally free trade, and open and accessible markets. European colonization of the Americas, and in particular, the discovery of vast bullion deposits, helped bring about Europe's transition to capitalism.	13
1541716879	Encomienda	Spanish government's policy to "command," or give, Indians to certain colonists in return for the promise to Christianize them. Part of the broader Spanish effort to subdue Indian tribes in the West Indies and on the North American mainland.	14
1541716880	Noche Triste	June 30, 1520. "Sad Night," when the Aztecs attacked Hernan Cortes and his forces in the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan, killing hundreds. Cortes laid siege to the city the following years, precipitating the fall of the Aztec Empire and inaugurating three centuries of Spanish rule.	15
1541716881	Mestizos	People of mixed Indian and European heritage, notably in Mexico.	16
1541716882	Battle of Acoma	Fought between Spaniards under Don Juan de Onate and the Pueblo Indians in present-day New Mexico. Spaniards brutally crushed the Pueblo peoples and established the territory as New Mexico in 1609.	17
1541716883	Pope's Rebellion	Pueblo Indian rebellion which drove Spanish settlers from New Mexico.	18
1541716884	Black Legend	False notion that Spanish conquerors did little but butcher the Indians and steal their gold in the name of Christ.	19
1541716885	Ferdinand of Aragon	Spanish monarch, unified Spain and fought the Moors. With wife Isabella of Castile funded Christopher Columbus' voyage across the Atlantic in 1492, leading to his discovery of the West Indies.	20
1541716886	Isabella of Castile	Spanish monarch, along with her husband Ferdinand of Aragon,funded Christopher Columbus' voyage across the Atlantic in 1492, leading to his discovery of the West Indies.	21
1541716887	Christopher Columbus	1451-1506 Genoese explorer who stumbled upon the West Indies in 1492 while in search of a new water route to Asia. Columbus made three subsequent voyages across the Atlantic and briefly served as a colonial administrator on the island of Hispaniola, present day Haiti.	22
1541716888	Francisco Coronado	1510-1554. Spanish explorer who ventured from Western Mexico through present-day Arizona and up to Kansas, in search of fabled golden cities.	23
1541716889	Francisco Pizarro	c. 1475-1541. Spanish conquistador who crushed the Incas in 1532 and founded the city of Lima, Peru.	24
1541716890	Bartolome de las Casas	1474-1566. Reform-minded Spanish missionary who worked to abolish the encomienda system and documented the mistreatment of Indians in the Spanish colonies.	25
1541716891	Hernan Cortes	1485-1547. Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztec empire and claimed Mexico for DSpain.	26
1541716892	Malinche (Dona Marina)	c. 1501-1550. Indian slave who served as an interpreter for Hernan Cortes on his conquest of the Aztecs. Malinche later married one of Cortes' soldiers, who took her with him back to Spain.	27
1541716893	Moctezuma	1466-1520. Last of the Aztec rulers, who saw his powerful empire crumble under the force of the Spanish invasion, led by Hernan Cortes.	28
1541716894	Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot)	c.1450-c.1498. Italian explorer sent by England's King Henry VII to explore the northeastern coast of North America in 1497-1498.	29
1541716895	Robert de La Salle	1643-1687. French explorer who led an expedition down the Mississippi River in the 1680s.	30
1541716896	Father Junipero Serra	1713-1784. Franciscan priest who established a chain of missions along the California coast, beginning in San Diego in 1769, with the aim of Christianizing and civilizing native peoples.	31
1541716897	Protestant Reformation	16th Century. Movement to reform the Catholic Church launched in Germany by Martin Luther. Reformers questioned the authority of the Pope, sought to eliminate the selling of indulgences, and encouraged the translation of the Bible from Latin, which few at the time could read. The reformation was launched in England in the 1530s when King Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church.	32
1541716898	Roanoke Island	1585. Sir Walter Raleigh's failed colonial settlement off the coast of North Carolina.	33
1541716899	Spanish Armada	1588. Spanish fleet defeated in the English Channel in 1588.. The defeat of the Armada marked the beginning of the decline of the Spanish Empire.	34
1541716900	Primogeniture	Legal principle that the oldest son inherits all family property of land. Landowner's younger sons, forced to seek their fortunes elsewhere, pioneered early exploration and settlement of the Americas.	35
1541716901	Joint-Stock Company	Short-term partnership between multiple investors to fund a commercial enterprise; such arrangements were used to fund England's early colonial ventures.	36
1541716902	Virginia Company	English joint-stock company that received a charter from King James I that allowed it to found the Virginia colony.	37
1541716903	Charter	Legal document granted by a government to some group or agency to implement a stated purpose, and spelling out the attending rights and obligations. British colonial charters guaranteed inhabitants all the rights of Englishmen, which helped solidify colonists' ties to Britain during the early years of settlement.	38
1541716904	Jamestown	First permanent English settlement in North America founded by the Virginia Company.	39
1541716905	First Anglo-Powhatan War	1614. Series of clashes between the Powhatan Confederacy and English settlers in Virginia. English colonists torched and pillaged Indian villages, applying tactics used in England's campaigns against the Irish.	40
1541716906	Second Anglo-Powhatan War	1644-1646. Last-ditch effort by the Indians to dislodge Virginia settlements. The resulting peace treaty formally separated white and Indian areas of settlement.	41
1541716907	House of Burgesses	Representative parliamentary assembly created to govern Virginia, established a precedent for government in the English colonies.	42
1541716908	Act of Toleration	1649. Passed in Maryland, it guaranteed toleration to all Christians but decreed the death penalty for those, like Jews and atheists, who denied the divinity of Jesus Christ. Ensured that Maryland would continue to attract a high proportion of Catholic migrants throughout the colonial period.	43
1541716909	Barbados Slave Code	1661. First formal statute governing the treatment of slaves, which provided for harsh punishments against offending slaves but lacked penalties for the mistreatment of slaves by masters. Similar statutes were adopted by Southern Plantation societies on the North American mainland in the 17t and 18th centuries.	44
1541716910	Squatters	Frontier farmers who illegally occupied land owned by others or not yet officially opened for settlement. Many North Carolina's early settlers were squatters, who contributed to the colony's reputation of being more independent-minded and "democratic" than its neighbors.	45
1541716911	Iroquois Confederacy	Bound together five tribes--the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas--in the Mohawk Valley of what is now New York State.	46
1541716912	Tuscarora War	1711-1713. Began with an Indian attack on Newbern, North Carolina. After the Tuscaroras were defeated, remaining Indian survivors migrated northward, eventually joining the Iroquois Confederacy as its sixth nation.	47
1541716913	Yamassee Indians	Defeated by the South Carolinans in the war of 1715-1716. The Yamasee defeat devastated the last of the coastal Indian tribes in the Southern colonies.	48
1541716914	Buffer	In politics, a territory between two antagonistic powers, intended to minimize the possibility of conflict between them. In British North America, Georgia was established as a buffer colony between British and Spanish territory.	49
1541716915	Henry VIII	1491-1547. Tudor monarch who launched the Protestant Reformation in England when he broke away from the Catholic Church in order to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon.	50
1541716916	Elizabeth I	1533-1603. Protestant Queen of England, whose forty-five year reign from 1558-1603 firmly secured the Anglian Church and inaugurated a period of maritime exploration and conquest. Never having married. she was dubbed the "Virgin Queen" by her contemporaries.	51
1541716917	Sir Francis Drake	c.1542-1595. English sea captain who completed his circumnavigation of the globe in 1580, plundering Spanish ships and settlements along the way.	52
1541716918	Sir Walter Raleigh	c.1552-1618. English courtier and adventurer who sponsored the failed settlements of North Carolina's Roanoke Island in 1585 and 1587. Once a favorite of Elizabeth I, Raleigh fell out of favor with the Virgin queen after secretly marrying one of her maids of hour. He continued his colonial pursuits until 1618, when he was executed for treason.	53
1541716919	James I	1566-1625. Formerly James VI of Scotland, he became James I of England at the death of Elizabeth I. James I supported overseas colonization, granting a charter or the Virginia Company in 1606 for a settlement in the New World. He also cracked down on both Catholics and Puritan Separatists, prompting the latter to flee to Holland and, later, to North America.	54
1541716920	Captain John Smith	1580-1631. English adventurer who took control of Jamestown in 1608 and ensured the survival of the colony by directing gold-hungry colonists toward more productive tasks, Smith also established ties with Powhatan Indians through the chief's daughter, Pocahontas, who had "saved" Smith from a mock execution the previous year.	55
1541716921	Powhatan	c.1540s-1618. Chief of Powhatan Indians and father of Pocahontas. As a show of force, Powhatan staged the kidnapping and mock execution of Captain John Smith in 1607. He later led the Powhatan Indians in the first Anglo-Powhatan War, negotiating a tenuous peace in 1614.	56
1541716922	Pocahontas	c.1595-1617. Daughter of Chief Powhatan, Pocahontas "saved" Captain John Smith in a dramatic mock execution and served as a mediator between Indians and the colonists. In 1614, she married John Rolfe and sailed with him to England, where she was greeted as a princess, and where she passed away shortly before her planned return to the colonies.	57
1541716923	Lord De La Warr	1577-1618. Colonial governor who imposed harsh military rule over Jamestown after taking over in 1610. A veteran of England's brutal campaigns against the Irish, De La Warr applied harsh "Irish" tactics in his war against the Indians, sending troops to torch Indian villages and seize provisions. the colony of Delaware was named after him.	58
1541716924	John Rolfe	1585-1622. English colonist whose marriage to Pocahontas in 1614 sealed the peace of the First Anglo-Powhatan War.	59
1541716925	Lord Baltimore	1605-1675. Established Maryland as a haven for Catholics. Baltimore unsuccessfully tried to reconstitute the English manorial system in the colonies and gave cast tracts of land to Catholic relatives, a policy that soon create tensions between the seaboard Catholic establishment and backcountry Protestant Planters.	60
1541716926	Oliver Cromwell	1599-1658. Puritan general who helped lead parliamentary forces during the English civil War, and ruled England as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658.	61
1541716927	James Olgethorpe	1696-1785. Soldier-statesman and leading founder of Georgia. A champion of prison reform, Oglethorpe established Georgia as a haven for debtors seeking to avoid imprisonment, During the War of Jenkins's Ear, Oglethorpe successfully led his colonists in battle, repelling a Spanish attack on British territory.	62
1541716928	Hiawatha	Along with Deganawidah, legendary founder of the Iroquois Confederacy, which united the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca tribes in the late sixteenth century.	63
1541716929	Calvinism	Dominant theological credo of the New England Puritans based on the teachings of John Calvin, Calvinists believed in predestination--that only "the elect" were destined for salvation.	64
1541716930	Predestination	Calvinist doctrine that God has foreordained some people to be saved and some to be damned. Though their fate was irreversible, Calvinists, particularly those who believed they were destined for salvation, sought to lead sanctified lives in order to demonstrate to others that they were in fact members of the "elect."	65
1541716931	Conversion	Intense religious experience that confirmed an individual's place among the "elect," or the "visible saints." Calvinists who experience conversion were then expected to lead sanctified lives to demonstrate their salvation.	66
1541716932	Puritan	English Protestant reformers who sought to purify the Church of England of Catholic rituals and creeds. Some of the most devout Puritans believed that only "visible saints" should be admitted to church membership.	67
1541716933	Separatists	Small group of Puritans who sought to break away entirely from the Church of England; after initially settling in Holland, a number of English separatists made their way to Plymouth Bay, Massachusetts in 1620.	68
1541716934	Mayflower Compact	Agreement to form a majoritarian government in Plymouth, signed aboard the Mayflower. Created a foundation for self-government in the colony.	69
1541716935	Massachusetts Bay Colony	Founded 1630. Established by non-separating Puritans, it soon grew to be the largest and most influential of the New England colonies.	70
1541716936	Great Migration	1630-1642. Migration of seventy thousand refugees from England to the North American colonies, primarily New England and the Caribbean. The twenty thousand migrants who came to the Massachusetts largely shared a common sense of purpose--to establish a model Christian settlement in the new world.	71
1541716937	Antinomianism	Belief that the elect need not obey the law of either God or man; most notably espoused in the colonies by Anne Hutchinson.	72
1541716938	Fundamental Orders	1639. Drafted by settlers in the Connecticut River Valley, document was the first "modern constitution" establishing a democratically controlled government. Key features of the document were borrowed for Connecticut's colonial charter and later, it state constitution.	73
1541716939	Pequot War	1636-1638. Series of clashes between English settlers and Pequot Indians in the Connecticut River Valley. Ended in the slaughter of the Pequots by the Puritans and their Narragansett Indian allies.	74
1541716940	King Philip's War	1675-1676. Series of assaults by Metacom, King Philip, on English settlements in New England. The attacks slowed the westward migration of New England settlers for several decades.	75
1541716941	New England Confederation	1643. Weak union of the colonies in Massachusetts and Connecticut led by Puritans for the purposes of defense and organization, an early attempt at self-government during the benign neglect of the English Civil War.	76
1541716942	English Civil War	1642-1651. Armed conflict between royalist and parliamentarians, resulting in the victory of pro-Parliament forces and the execution of Charles I.	77
1541716943	Dominion of New England	1686-1689. Administrative union created by royal authority, incorporating all of New England, New York, and East and West Jersey, Placed under the rule of Sir Edmund Andros who curbed popular assemblies, taxed resident without their consent, and strictly enforced Navigation Laws. Its collapse after the Glorious Revolution in England demonstrated colonial opposition to strict royal control.	78
1541716944	Navigation Laws	Series of laws passed, beginning in 1651, to regulate colonial shipping; the acts provided that only English ships would be allowed to trade in English and colonial ports, and that all goods destined for the colonies would first pas through England.	79
1541716945	Glorious (Bloodless) Rebellion	1688. Relatively peaceful overthrow of the unpopular Catholic monarch, James II, replacing him with Dutch-born William III and Mary, daughter of James II. William and Mary accepted increased Parliamentary oversight and new limits on monarchical authority.	80
1541716946	Salutary neglects	1688-1763. Unofficial policy of relaxed royal control over colonial trade and only weak enforcement of Navigation Laws. Lasted from the Glorious Revolution to the end of the French and Indian War in 1763.	81
1541716947	Patroonships	Vast tracts of land along the Hudson River in New Netherlands granted to wealthy promoters in exchange for bringing fifty settlers to the property.	82
1541716948	Quakers	Religious group known for their tolerance, emphasis on peace, and idealistic Indian policy, who settled heavily in Pennsylvania in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.	83
1541716949	Blue laws	Also known as sumptuary laws, they are designed to restrict personal behavior in accord with a strict code of morality. Blue laws were passed across the colonies, particularly in Puritan New England and Quaker Pennsylvania.	84
1541716950	Martin Luther	1483-1546. German friar who touched off the Protestant Reformation when he nailed a list of grievances against the Catholic Church to the door of Wittenberg's cathedral in 1517.	85
1541716951	John Calvin	1509-1564. French Protestant reformer whose religious teachings formed the theological basis for New England Puritans, Scottish Presbyterians, French Huguenots and members of the Dutch Reformed church. Calvin argued that humans were inherently weak and wicked, and believed in an all-knowing, all-powerful God, who predestined select individuals for salvation.	86
1541716952	William Bradford	1590-1657. Erudite leader of the separatist Pilgrims who left England for Holland, and eventually sailed on the Mayflower to establish the first English colony in Massachusetts. His account of the colony's founding, Of Plymouth Plantation, remains a classic of American literature and in indispensable historical source.	87
1541716953	John Winthrop	1588-1649. First governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. An able administrator and devout Puritan, Winthrop helped ensure the prosperity of the newly-established colony and enforce Puritan orthodoxy, taking a hard line against religious dissenters like Anne Hutchinson.	88
1541716954	Anne Hutchinson	.1591-1643. antinomians religious dissenter brought to trail for heresy in Massachusetts Bay after arguing that she need not follow God's law's or man's, and claiming direct revelation from God. Banished from the Puritan colony, Hutchinson moved to Rhode Island and later New York, where she and her were killed by Indians.	89
1541716955	Roger Williams	c.1603-1683. Salem minister who advocated a complete break form the Church of England and criticized the Massachusetts Bay colony for unlawfully taking land from the Indians. Banished for his heresies, he established a small community in present-day Rhode island, later acquiring a charter for the colony from England.	90
1541716956	Massasoit	c.1590-1661. Wampanoag chieftain who signed a peace treaty with Plymouth Bay settlers in 1621 and helped them celebrate the first Thanksgiving.	91
1541716957	Metacom (King Philip)	c.1638-1676. Wampanoag chief who led a brutal campaign against Puritan settlements in New England between 1675 and 1676. Though he himself was eventually captured and killed, his wife and son sold into slavery, his assault halted New England's westward expansion for several decades.	92
1541716958	Charles II	1630-1685. Assumed the throne with the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. Charles sought to establish firm control over the colonies, ending the period of relative independence on the American mainland.	93
1541716959	Sir Edmund Andros	1637-1714. Much loathed administrator of the Dominion of New England, which was created in 1686 to strengthen imperial control over the New England colonies. Andros established strict control, doing away with town meetings and popular assemblies and taxing colonists without their consent. When word of the Glorious Revolution in England reached the colonists, they promptly dispatched Andros back to England.	94
1541716960	William III	Dutch-born monarch and his English-born wife, daughter of King James II, installed to the British throne during the Glorious Revolution of 1688. William and Mary relaxed control over the American polonies, inaugurating a period of "salutary neglect" that lasted until the French and Indian War.	95
1541716961	Mary II	Dutch-born monarch and his English-born wife, daughter of King James II, installed to the British throne during the Glorious Revolution of 1688. William and Mary relaxed control over the American polonies, inaugurating a period of "salutary neglect" that lasted until the French and Indian War.	96
1541716962	Henry Hudson	1565-1611. English explorer who ventured into New York Bay and up the Hudson River for the Dutch in 1609 in search of a Northwest Passage across the continent.	97
1541716963	Peter Stuyvesant	.1610-1672. Director general of Dutch New Netherland from 1645 until the colony fell to the British in 1664.	98
1541716964	Duke of York	1633-1701. Catholic English Monarch who reigned as James II from 1685 until he was deposed during the Glorious Revolution in 1689. When the English seized New Amsterdam from the Dutch in 1664, they renamed it in the Duke's honor to commemorate his support for the colonial venture.	99
1541716965	William Penn	1644-1718. Prominent Quaker activist who founded Pennsylvania as a haven for fellow Quakers in 1681. He established friendly relations with neighboring Indian tribes and attracted a wide array of settlers to his colony with promises of economic opportunity and ethnic and religious toleration.	100
1541716966	Indentured Servants	Migrants who, in exchange for transatlantic passage, bound themselves to a colonial employer for a term of service, typically between four and seven years. Their migration addressed the chronic labor shortage in the colonies and facilitated settlement.	101
1541716967	Headright Systems	Employed in the tobacco colonies to encourage the importation of indentured servants, the system allowed an individual to acquire fifty across of land if he paid for a laborer's passage to the colony.	102
1541716968	Bacon's Rebellion	1676. Uprising of Virginia backcountry farmers and indentured servants led by planter Nathaniel Bacon; initially a response to Governor William Berkeley's refusal to protect backcountry settlers from Indian Attacks, the rebellion eventually grew into a broader conflict between impoverished settlers and the planter side.	103
1541716969	Royal African Company	English joint-stock company that enjoyed a state-granted monopoly on the colonial slave trade from 1672 until 1698. The supply of slaves to the North American colonies rose sharply once the company lost its monopoly privileges.	104
1541716970	Middle Passage	Transatlantic voyage slaves endured between Africa and the colonies. Mortality rates were notoriously high.	105
1541716971	Slave Codes	Set of laws defining racial slavery beginning in 1662, including establishing the hereditary nature of slavery, and legally limiting the rights and learning of slaves.	106
1541716972	New York Slave Revolt	1712. Uprising of approximately two dozen slaves that resulted in the deaths of nine whites and the brutal execution of twenty-one participating blacks.	107
1541716973	South Carolina Slave Revolt	1739. Uprising, also known as the Stono Rebellion, of more than fifty South Carolina blacks along the Stono River. The slaves attempted to reach Spanish Florida but were stopped by the South Carolina militia.	108
1541716974	Congregational Church	Self-governing Puritan congregations without the hierarchical establishment of the Anglican Church.	109
1541716975	Jeremiad	Often-fiery sermons lamenting the waning piety of parishioners first delivered in New England in the mid-seventeenth century; named after the doom-saying Old Testament prophet Jeremiah.	110
1541716976	Half-Way Covenant	1662. Agreement allowing unconverted offspring of church members to baptize their children. It signified a waning of religious zeal among second and third generation Puritans.	111
1541716977	Salem Witch Trials	Series of witchcraft trials launched after a group of adolescent girls in Salem, Massachusetts, claimed to have been bewitched by certain older women of the town. Twenty individuals were put to death before the trials were put to an end by the Governor of Massachusetts.	112
1541716978	Leislers Rebellion	1689-1691. Armed conflict between aspiring merchants led by Jacob Leisler and the ruling elite of New York. One of many uprisings that erupted across the colonies when wealthy colonists attempted to recreate European social structure in the New World.	113
1541716979	William Berkeley	1606-1677. Royal governor of Virginia, with brief interruptions, from 1641 until his death. Berkeley, a member of Virginia's seaboard elite, drew the ire of backwater settlers for refusing to protect them against Indian attacks, eventually leading to Bacon's Rebellion.	114
1541716980	Nathaniel Bacon	1647-1676. Young Virginia planter who led a rebellion against Governor William Berkeley in 1676 to protest Berkeley's refusal to protect frontier settlers from Indian attacks.	115
1541716981	Anthony Johnson	?-1670. African slave who purchased his freedom and himself became a slave holder in Virginia, serving a testament to the relative fluidity of early colonial society.	116
1541716982	Aztecs	Controlled Mexico until 1521	117
1541716983	Cahokia	1100 A.D.	118
1541716984	Three-Sister Farming	1000 A.D.	119
1541716985	Columbian Exchange	1492	120
1541716986	Treaty of Tordesillas	1494	121
1541716987	Noche Triste	June 30, 1520	122
1541716988	Battle of Acoma	1609	123
1541716989	Christopher Columbus	1451-1506	124
1541716990	Francisco Coronado	1510-1554	125
1541716991	Francisco Pizarro	1475-1541	126
1541716992	When did Francisco Pizarro establish the city of Lima, Peru?	1532	127
1541716993	Bartolome de Las Casas	1474-1566	128
1541716994	Hernan Cortes	1485-1547	129
1541716995	Malinche	1501-1550	130
1541716996	Moctezuma	1466-1520	131
1541716997	Giovanni Caboto	1450-1498	132
1541716998	Robert de La Salle	1643-1687	133
1541716999	Father Junipero Serra	1713-1784	134
1541717000	When did Father Junipero Serra begin his missions in California?	1769	135
1541717001	Roanoke Island	1585	136
1541717002	Spanish Armada	1588	137
1541717003	First Anglo-Powhatan War	1614	138
1541717004	Second Anglo-Powhatan War	1644-1646	139
1541717005	Act of Toleration	1649	140
1541717006	Barbados Slave Code	1661	141
1541717007	Tuscarora War	1711-1713	142
1541717008	Yamassee Indians	1715-1716	143
1541717009	Henry VIII	1491-1547	144
1541717010	Elizabeth I	1533-1603	145
1541717011	Sir Francis Drake	1542-1595	146
1541717012	Sir Walter Raleigh	1552-1618	147
1541717013	James I	1566-1625	148
1541717014	Captain John Smith	1580-1631	149
1541717015	Powhatan	1540s-1618	150
1541717016	Pocahontas	1595-1617	151
1541717017	Lord De La Warr	1577-1618	152
1541717018	John Rolfe	1585-1622	153
1541717019	Lord Baltimore	1605-1675	154
1541717020	Oliver Cromwell	1599-1658	155
1541717021	James Oglethorpe	1696-1785	156
1541717022	Massachusetts Bay Colony founded in?	1630	157
1541717023	Great Migration	1630-1642	158
1541717024	Fundamental Orders	1639	159
1541717025	Pequot War	1636-1638	160
1541717026	King Philip's War	1675-1676	161
1541717027	New England Confederation	1643	162
1541717028	English Civil War	1642-1651	163
1541717029	Dominion of New England	1686-1689	164

Powered by Quizlet.com

APUSH: The American Pageant (15th Ed.) Ch. 1&2 Matching (PPE) Flashcards

The People/Places/Events Matching Sections for Chapters 1 and 2 in The American Pageant (15th Edition) Guidebook.

Terms : Hide Images

1614978135	Ferdinand and Isabella	Financiers and beneficiaries of Columbus's voyages to the New World	0
1614978136	Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro	Spanish conquerors of great Indian civilizations	1
1614978137	Lake Bonneville	inland sea left by melting glaciers whose remnant is the Great Salt Lake	2
1614978138	Dias and de Gama	Portuguese navigators who sailed around the African coast	3
1614978139	Christopher Columbus	Italian-born explorer who thought that he had arrived off the coast of Asia rather than on unknown continents	4
1614978140	Malinche	female Indian slave who served as an interpreter for Cortes	5
1614978141	Moctezuma	powerful Aztec monarch who fell to Spanish conquerors	6
1614978142	Hiawatha	legendary founder of the powerful Iroquois confederacy	7
1614978143	Tenochtitlan	wealthy capital of the Aztec empire	8
1614978144	Saint Augustine	founded in 1565; the oldest continually inhabited European settlement in the United States territory	9
1614978145	Giovanni Caboto aka John Cabot	Italian-born navigator sent by English to explore North American coast in 1498	10
1614978146	Junipero Serra	Franciscan missionary who settled California	11
1614978147	Bartolome de Las Casas	Dominican friar who sympathized with Indians and protested cruel Spanish policies in the New World	12
1614978148	Powhatan	Indian leader who ruled tribes in the James River area of Virginia	13
1614978149	Walter Raliegh & Humphrey Gilbert	Elizabethan courtiers who failed in their attempts to found New World colonies	14
1614978150	Roanoke	failed colony founded by Sir Walter Raleigh	15
1614978151	John Smith	Virginia leader saved by Pocahontas	16
1614978152	Virginia	colony that established the House of Burgesses as the first representative government in 1619	17
1614978153	Maryland	colony originally founded as a haven for Roman Catholics	18
1614978154	Lord De La Warr	harsh military governor of Virginia who employed Irish tactics against the Indians	19
1614978155	John Wesley	British founder of the Methodist Church who served for a time as a missionary in colonial Georgia	20
1614978156	Lord Baltimore	the Catholic aristocrat who sought to build a sanctuary for his fellow believers	21
1614978157	South Carolina	colony that turned to disease-resistant African slaves for labor in its extensive rice plantations	22
1614978158	North Carolina	poorer colony that was called "a vale of humility between two mountains of conceit"	23
1614978159	Georgia	colony originally founded as a refuge for debtors by philanthropists	24
1614978160	James Oglethorpe	philanthropic soldier-statesman who founded the Georgia colony	25
1614978161	Elizabeth I	the unmarried ruler who established English Protestantism and fought the Catholic Spanish	26
1614978162	Jamestown	riverbank site where Virginia Company settlers planted the first permanent English colony	27

Powered by Quizlet.com

The American Pageant 15th edition AP Ch 1 People To Know Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

1603741862	Ferdinand of Aragon	The King of Spain in the Late 15th century.	0
1603741863	Isabella of Castile	The wife of Ferdinand of Aragon.	1
1603741864	Christopher Columbus	An Italian seafarer who persuaded the Spanish monarch to provide him ships and crew to be used for exploring. He discovered America and thought it was the land of the Indies.	2
1603741865	Francisco Coronado	In 1540 to 1542, in a quest of fabled golden cities that turned out to be adobe pueblos, wandered with a cavalcade through Arizona and New Mexico, penetrating as far east as Kansas. En route, his expedition discovered two awesome natural wonders: the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, and enormous herds of buffalo.	3
1603741866	Francisco Pizarro	The ironfisted conqueror who crushed the Incas of Peru in 1532 and added a high hoard of booty to Spanish coffers.	4
1603741867	Bartolomé de Las Casas	A reform-minded Dominican friar who was appalled by the encomienda system in Hispaniola calling it a "moral pestilence invented by Satan." He wrote The Destruction of the Indies in 1542 to chronicle the awful fate of Naitive Americans and to protest Spanish Policies in the New World.	5
1603741868	Hernán Cortés	Set sail from Cuba to Mexico in 1519 and conquered the Aztecs on August 13, 1521.	6
1603741869	Malinche (Doña Marina)	A female Indian slave who knew both Mayan and Nahuatl (Aztez language) who was picked up by Cortés. She eventually learned Spanish, and was baptized with the Spanish name ...	7
1603741870	Moctezuma	The Aztec chieftain who encountered Cortés and welcomed him with gifts. Eventually he realized the Spaniards greed for gold and attacked.	8
1603741871	Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot)	Sent by the English to explore the Northeast coast of North America in 1497 and 1498.	9
1603741872	Robert de La Salle	Sent by the French down the Mississippi river in the 1680s.	10
1603741873	Father Junipero Serra	The leader of the Spanish missionaries who set up twenty-one missions starting with one in San Diego in 1769.	11

Powered by Quizlet.com

The American Pageant (AP 15th Edition) Chapter 3 Flashcards

Key terms and concepts in Chapter 3.

Terms : Hide Images

907326521	predestination	The Calvinist doctrine that God has foreordained some people to be saved and some to be damned.	1
907326522	elect	In Calvinist doctrine, those who have been chosen by God for salvation.	2
907326523	conversion	A religious turn to God, thought by Calvinists to involve an intense, identifiable person experience. In order to vote in Massachusetts Bay Colony, one had to publicly testify about their conversion experience.	3
907326524	visible saints	In Calvinism, those who publicly proclaimed their experience of conversion and were expect to lead godly lives.	4
907326525	calling	In Protestantism, the belief that saved individuals have a religious obligation to engage in worldly work. This concept permeated all aspects of Puritan life in the MBC.	5
907326526	heresy	Departure from correct or officially defined belief. Anyone who strayed even the slightest from the local government's interpretation of religion was a heretic. Some famous dissenters include Roger Williams (founded Rhode Island) and Anne Hutchinson.	6
907326527	commonwealth	An organized civil government or social order. Most of the colonies had this type of semi-autonomous government.	7
907326528	passive resistance	Nonviolent action or opposition to authority in accord with religious or moral beliefs. The Quakers were strong believers in passive resistance and so, they never retaliated with violence, though they were often duplicitous.	8
907326529	proprietary	Concerning exclusive legal ownership, as of colonies granted to individuals by the monarch. King James gave 8 proprietary lords a charter for Delaware that they then owned and ran as they saw fit.	9
907326530	blue laws	Laws designed to restrict personal behavior in accord with a strict code of morality. Blue laws were especially prevalent in the New England colonies where everyone was expected to live their lives to the highest standard of godliness.	10
907326531	Separatists	advocates of secession or separation from the Anglican Church of England. They were a small, radical group of Protestants and made up Plymouth colony while reformers (Protestants who wanted to reform the Anglican Church) made up the MBC.	11
907326532	the Great Migration	The Great Migration occurred in the 1630s and during this time period, nearly 70,000 people left England. However, not all of them were Puritans and not all of them went to Massachusetts; a lot favored the West Indies.	12
907326533	antinomianism	the idea that a holy life was no sure sign of salvation and that the truly saved need not obey neither man's nor God's laws.	13
907326534	Fundamental Orders	Essentially a modern constitution drawn up by settlers in Connecticut that established a regime democratically controlled by substantial citizens.	14
907326535	Pequot War	This war erupted between settlers in the Connecticut River valley and the Pequot Indians in 1637 and ended with the complete destruction of the Pequot tribe, which was left virtually annihilated	15
907326536	King Philip's War	In 1675, an Indian chief called King Philip by the settlers created an Indian alliance and attacked a bunch of villages in New England. When the war ended a year later, 52 towns had been attacked, 12 destroyed, and King Philip was beheaded and his head displayed on a pike for years.	16
907326537	New England Confederation	Four colonies (Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, and the two Connecticut colonies) created what was basically an exclusive Puritan club. They acted together on intercolonial matters.	17
907326538	Dominion of New England	Another attempt at punishing MBC. It was imposed from London and it included all of New England, New York, and (later) East and West Jersey. Was an effort at bolstering the colonies in case of war with the Indians. Led by Sir Edmund Andros. He crushed all vestiges of autonomy/self government in the colonies.	18
907326539	Navigation Laws	The Dominion was designed to administrate these Laws, which sought to force the colonies to buy English exports. However, smuggling quickly became a standard profession as it found people a way around the Laws.	19
907326540	Glorious Revolution	Dethroned the unpopular King James II and led to the collapse of the Dominion. However, Massachusetts did not get back its ancient charter (instead made royal colony) and the right to vote was extended to all male property holders. Mostly, led to the salutory neglect of the enforcement of the Navigation Laws.	20

Powered by Quizlet.com

The American Pageant (AP 15th Edition) Chapter 2 Flashcards

Key terms and concepts from Chapter 2 of the American Pageant.

Terms : Hide Images

1614983778	nationalism	Fervent belief and loyalty given to the political unit of the nation-state. England's renewed sense of nationalism when Elizabeth I took the throne after the upheaval of the Protestant Reformation led it to become Spain's new colonial rival.	0
1614983779	primogeniture	The legal principle that the oldest son inherits all family property or land. The laws of primogeniture in England forced younger sons to seek their fortunes abroad.	1
1614983780	joint-stock companies	An economic arrangement by which a number of investors pool their capital for investment. Joint-stock companies were the forerunners of the modern corporation and provided the financial means for colonial expansion into the Americas.	2
1614983781	charter	A legal document granted by a government to some group or agency to implement a stated purpose, and spelling out the attending rights and obligations. The monarch of England gave these out to either joint-stock companies before they went overseas or to "squatters'" settlements that weren't officially colonies yet.	3
1614983782	feudal	Concerning the decentralized medieval social system of personal obligations between rulers and ruled. Lord Baltimore (founder of Maryland) hoped that his colony would revive the feudalistic system of lords and vassals.	4
1614983783	indentured servant	A poor person obligated to a fixed term of labor. In the early days of the colonies, indentured servants made up about 80% of all immigrants to the Americas. They were penniless and landless in England, but hoped that after they served their term, they could earn enough money through their freedom dues to buy land and start their own farms.	5
1614983784	toleration	Originally, religious freedom granted by an established church to a religious minority. Not many colonies had religious freedom, especially in New England, where the rigid theology of Puritanism was strictly enforced. However, colonies like Maryland and Pennsylvania were created for the main purpose of granting religious freedom to Catholics and Quakers, respectively.	6
1614983785	squatter	A frontier farmer who illegally occupied land owned by others or not yet officially opened for settlement. These squatters made up the aforementioned squatter colonies which were either granted charters (Rhode Island), or absorbed by larger colonies.	7
1614983786	melting pot	Popular term for an ethnically diverse population that is presumed to be "melting" towards some eventual commonality. Melting pot, or very diverse, communities were mostly common in the South, where Scots-Irish and German immigrants as well as black slaves made up a lot of the population. However, in New England, the population was almost exclusively Puritan Englishmen and women.	8
1614983787	Roanoake Island	One of the first English settlements in the Americas, it lasted only 4 or 5 years before failing miserably; the entire colony disappeared without a trace.	9
1614983788	Virginia Company	The Virginia Company was one of the joint-stock companies operating out of England and was responsible for the creation of Jamestown.	10
1614983789	the Anglo-Powhatan Wars	Two wars, the first in 1614 and the second in 1644, between the Powhatan Indians and the colonists of Jamestown. In the end, the settlers banished the Indians from their lands and formally separated the two cultures.	11
1614983790	Act of Toleration	Passed in Maryland in 1649, this Act granted religious toleration to all Christians but also decreed death for those who denied the divinity of Jesus (Jews and Atheists).	12
1614983791	Barbados slave code	One of the many infamous slave codes which denied even basic human rights to black slaves, who were considered non-humans and were under the complete control of their masters.	13
1614983792	Tuscaroa War	In 1711 a band of Tuscaroa Indians attacked a settlement in North Carolina and the settlers responded by crushing the Indians in the Tuscaroa War. They sold hundreds of Indians into slavery and the rest were left to seek the aid of the Iroquois Confederacy.	14
1614983793	Yamasee Indians	In 1715, the South Carolinians did much the same to the Yamasee Indians, leading to the complete devastation of all the coastal Indian tribes by about 1720, though the Iroquois Confederacy remained a strong force again English settlers in the Appalachians	15

Powered by Quizlet.com

The American Pageant (AP 15th Edition) Chapter 2 Flashcards

Key terms and concepts from Chapter 2 of the American Pageant.

Terms : Hide Images

925181911	primogeniture	The legal principle that the oldest son inherits all family property or land. The laws of primogeniture in England forced younger sons to seek their fortunes abroad.	1
925181912	joint-stock companies	An economic arrangement by which a number of investors pool their capital for investment. Joint-stock companies were the forerunners of the modern corporation and provided the financial means for colonial expansion into the Americas.	2
925181913	charter	A legal document granted by a government to some group or agency to implement a stated purpose, and spelling out the attending rights and obligations. The monarch of England gave these out to either joint-stock companies before they went overseas or to "squatters'" settlements that weren't officially colonies yet.	3
925181914	Roanoake Island	One of the first English settlements in the Americas, it lasted only 4 or 5 years before failing miserably; the entire colony disappeared without a trace.	4
925181915	Virginia Company	The Virginia Company was one of the joint-stock companies operating out of England and was responsible for the creation of Jamestown.	5
925181916	the Anglo-Powhatan Wars	Two wars, the first in 1614 and the second in 1644, between the Powhatan Indians and the colonists of Jamestown. In the end, the settlers banished the Indians from their lands and formally separated the two cultures.	6
925181917	Act of Toleration	Passed in Maryland in 1649, this Act granted religious toleration to all Christians but also decreed death for those who denied the divinity of Jesus (Jews and Atheists).	7
925181918	Barbados slave code	One of the many infamous slave codes which denied even basic human rights to black slaves, who were considered non-humans and were under the complete control of their masters.	8
925181919	Tuscaroa War	In 1711 a band of Tuscaroa Indians attacked a settlement in North Carolina and the settlers responded by crushing the Indians in the Tuscaroa War. They sold hundreds of Indians into slavery and the rest were left to seek the aid of the Iroquois Confederacy.	9
925181920	Yamasee Indians	In 1715, the South Carolinians did much the same to the Yamasee Indians, leading to the complete devastation of all the coastal Indian tribes by about 1720, though the Iroquois Confederacy remained a strong force again English settlers in the Appalachians	10
925181921	Protestant Reformation	The Protestant Revolution was a religious revolution, during the 16th century. It ended the supremacy of the Catholic Church and resulted in the establishment of the Protestant Churches. Martin Luther and John Calvin were influential in the Protestant Revolution.	11
925181922	Spanish Armada	...	12

Powered by Quizlet.com

The American Pageant (AP 15th Edition): Chapter 1 Flashcards

Key terms and concepts from Chapter 1 of the American Pageant.

Terms : Hide Images

907269286	nation-state	The modern form of political society that combines centralized government with a high degree of ethnic and cultural unity. The development of European nation-states began the Age of Exploration	0
907269287	matrilinear	the form of society in which family line, power, and wealth are passed primarily through the female side. Many Native American tribes developed matrilinear societies	1
907269288	confederacy	An alliance or league of nations or peoples looser than a federation. The Iroquois Confederacy was the only political and economically united group of Indians, and remained militarily and politically powerful until the American Revolution.	2
907269289	middlemen	In trading systems, those dealers who operate between the original buyers and the retail merchants who sell to consumers. In Asian-European trade, Muslim middlemen charged exorbitant fees for their goods, which was a big motive for exploration.	3
907269290	caravel	A new, smaller ship created by the Portuguese. Enabled the exploration of sub-Saharan Africa and the discovery of an eastern sea route to Asia	4
907269291	plantation	A large-scale agricultural enterprise growing commercial crops and usually employing coerced or slave labor. The plantation system was extremely prevalent in the Southern colonies, where large farms grew rice, tobacco, and cotton. It was first used by the Portuguese in the Atlantic sugar islands (Cape Verde, the Azore Islands, etc.).	5
907269292	conquistador	A Spanish conqueror or adventurer in the Americas. The Spanish conquistadors defeated the Incas and the Aztecs and were the first to really explore the Midwest/Southwest North American continent. Established missions and were mostly there for God and gold.	6
907269293	capitalism	An economic system characterized by private property , generally free trade, and open and accessible markets. The influx of Mexican silver into European markets was key to the rise of capitalism and an interdependent global economy.	7
907269294	encomienda	The Spanish labor system in which persons were help to unpaid service under the permanent control of their masters, though not legally owned by them. Precursor to the plantation system, and helped create the practice of slavery.	8
907269295	mestizo	A person of mixed Native American and European ancestry. Mestizos were far more prevalent in Spanish colonies as the Spanish conquistadors assimilated with the natives, while the English settlers viewed them as savages and did their best to eradicated them.	9

Powered by Quizlet.com

APUSH Chapter 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

1607723693	land bridge	A connection between two land masses, a prehistoric land mass that allowed humans and animals colonize new territory before they are cut off by the sea.	0
1607723694	Inca Empire	The largest empire in pre-columbian america, the political and military was located in cusco. (modern day peru)	1
1607723695	Aztec Empire	A member of Nahuatl-speaking in central mexico and it was conquered by cortes in 1521. This was also called classical Nahuatl.	2
1607723696	Mound Builders	Various american indian tribes who, erected the burial grounds and other earthworks of mississippi.	3
1607723697	Hiawatha	A prehistorical native american leader and a co-founder of the iroquios confedercy.	4
1607723698	Marco Polo	An italian merchant traveller from venice whos travels are recorded in livres des merveilles du monde. He was introduced in Central Asia and China.	5
1607723699	Portuguese caravel (ship)	A small light sailing ships, ecspecially one with two or three masts and lateen sails used by spanish.	6
1607723700	Christopher Columbus	A geonese explorer navigator and colonizer, born in the republic in Genoa. Under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean.	7
1607723701	Spanish Conquistodors	A conqueror that is in control of mexico and peru in the 16th century and this was a spanish conqueror.	8
1607723702	Ferdinand Magellan	A famous portugese explorer who organized an expedition that resulted in the first circumnavigation of the Earth completed by Juan Sebastian Elcano.	9
1607723703	Ponce de Leon	Juan ponce de leon was a spanish explorer and conquistador and became the first governor of Puerto rico. he was elected by app. of the spanish crown. he led the first exploration to Florida(which he named).	10
1607723704	Hernan Cortes	first marquis of the valley of oaxaca was a spanish conquistador. He led the expedition of the fall of the Aztec Empire. He got large portions of mainland.	11
1607723705	Tenochtitlan	An Aztec altepetl located in an island in tenochitilan, in the valley of mexico.	12
1607723706	Moctezuma II	Was the ninth ruler of the tenochitilan, he made the first contact with the mesoamerica, later in his rule he was killed in inital stages of spanish conquest of america.	13
1607723707	Queen Elizabeth I	Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Bolelyn. Queen of england, Succeeding her catholic sister Mary I. She restated Protestantism as a religion.	14
1607723708	Sir Walter Raleigh	An english aristicrat and writer, poet, solider, politican, spy, and explorer. Cousin to Sir Richard Grenville. He is the reason tobacco is so popular nowadays.	15
1607723709	Francis Drake	Was an english sea captain privateer, navigator, slaver, and politician of the Elizabethan era. Had the second circumnavigation of the world.	16
1607723710	Spanish Armada	A fleet of warships that came and by spanish and was later defeated by the english. Mostly destroyed by storms of hebrides.	17
1607723711	King James I	The first stuart to be king of engand and ireland and before that the king of scotland. He was the son of mary queen of scots. He terminated the british parliament.	18
1607723712	Captain John Smith	Was an soldier, explorer, and author. Knighted for the services of sigmus bathory, prince of transylvania, and his friend Mózes Székely.	19
1607723713	Jamestown	A village of in east virginia and the first permanent english settlement in north america.	20
1607723714	Powhatan	The Algonquian leader who founded that confedercy and maintained peaceful relations with the english colonists. After the marriage of his daughter Pocahontas.	21
1607723715	Act of Toleration (1649)	Also known as the act concering religion was a law mandating religious tolerance for christians in St. Marys colony	22
1607723716	Iroquois Confederacy	Members of the iroquois confedercy, the five nations and comprising the different tribes.	23
1607894670	Martin Luther	A german monk, catholic priest, professor of theology and seminal figure of the 16th century and the movement in christianity known later as the protestant reformation	24
1607894671	Mayflower	A ship that was transported mostly english puritans and Separatists collectively known today as pilgrims from plymouth to the "new world"	25
1607894672	Plymouth	a seaport in Devonshire in England on the English Channel, the naval base; the departing point of the Mayflower 1620	26
1607894673	William Bradford	English Separatist leader in Leiden, Holland and in Plymouth Colony was a signatory to the Mayflower Compact. He served as the plymouth governor five times in 30 times	27
1607894674	"Great Migration of 1630's"	The first governing document of Plymouth Colony, It was signed on November 11, 1620 (OS) by 41 of the ship's one hundred and two passengers, in what is now Provincetown Harbor near Cape Cod.	28
1607894675	Quakers	Proprietary colony; religious freedom; Good relations w/Indians	29
1607894676	William Penn	William Penn was an English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, early Quaker and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future Commonwealth of Pennsylvania	30
1608040778	Bacon's Rebellion	An Armed rebelllion in 1676 led by virginia settlers and the governor is william berkely. The colony's disorganized frontier political structure, combined with accumulating grievances (including leaving Bacon out of his inner circle, refusing to allow Bacon to be a part of his fur trade with the Native Americans	31
1608040779	Slave trade routes	These were routes that settlers used as a business process for transportation.This was used for african american mostly, but very few indentured slaves.	32
1608040780	Virginia House of Burgesses	Was the first legislative assembly of elected representatives in North America. The house was established by the virginia company who created them as an effort to encourage english craftsmen to settle.	33
1608040781	William and Mary	King William III and Queen Mary II of England, who ruled jointly after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 had expelled Mary's father, King James II. William and Mary were Protestants,	34
1608040782	Salem Witch Trials	Trials held in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692 led to the execution of 20 people for supposedly practicing witchcraft. The trials are noted for the crazy atmosphere in which they were conducted. Many townspeople were widely suspected of witchcraft on flimsy evidence	35
1608075601	King Louis XIV	Louis XIV also known as Louis the Great or the Sun King, was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who had ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1643 until his death.	36
1608075602	Samuel de Champlain	Samuel de Champlain "The Father of New France"was a French navigator, cartographer, draughtsman, soldier, explorer, geographer, ethnologist, diplomat, and chronicler. He founded New France and Quebec City on July 3, 1608	37
1608075603	King William's War (1689-1697)	war fought largely between French trappers, British settlers, and their respective allies. The colonial theater of the larger war of the League of Augsburg in Europe.	38
1608075604	Queen Anne's War (1702-1713)	2nd in a series of conflicts btwn the European powers of North America, fought btwn the English and French colonists in the North, and the English and Spanish in Florida. Under the peace treaty, the French ceded Acadia (Nova Scotia), Newfoundland, and Hudson Bay to Britain.	39
1608075605	Fort Necessity	Battle of the Great Meadows took place on July 3, 1754 in what is now the mountaintop hamlet of Farmington in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The engagement was one of the first battles of the French and Indian War. This was the war that George washington surrendered.	40
1608075606	General George Washington	was the first President of the United States (1789-1797), the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States	41
1608075607	General Edward Braddock	was a British soldier and commander-in-chief for the 13 colonies during the actions at the start of the French and Indian Warwhich is also known in Europe as the Seven Years.	42
1608075608	William Pitt	A british politician of the 18th century. He was a prime minister and was in office untill before his death in 1806. He led part of the government in great britain in the seven years war.	43
1608075609	The Battle of Quebec	The first major defeat of the americans, many generals were killed and 400 were taken as slaves. This happened near the revolutionary war.	44
1608075610	Chief Pontiac	Was an Ottawa war chief who was noted for his role in Pontiac's War. An American Indian struggle against British military occupation of the Great Lakes region and named for him.	45
1608075611	Daniel Boone	Was an American pioneer, explorer, and frontiersman whose frontier exploits made him one of the first folk heroes of the United States.	46

Class Notes

Social Science

Math

Science

Fine Arts

Test Prep

Textbook Notes

Members Only

Forum

Blogs

Textbook Request

The Enduring Vision V1 Ch. 1-3 Flashcards

the american pageant 15th edition chapter review questions chapters 1-5 Flashcards

American Pageant 15th Edition-Exam 1 Flashcards

APUSH: The American Pageant (15th Ed.) Ch. 1&2 Matching (PPE) Flashcards

The American Pageant 15th edition AP Ch 1 People To Know Flashcards

The American Pageant (AP 15th Edition) Chapter 3 Flashcards

The American Pageant (AP 15th Edition) Chapter 2 Flashcards

The American Pageant (AP 15th Edition) Chapter 2 Flashcards

The American Pageant (AP 15th Edition): Chapter 1 Flashcards

APUSH Chapter 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 Flashcards

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org

You are here

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org