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The American Pageant: Chapter 2 Flashcards

The Planting of English America

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333720448Santa Fe1st spanish settlement
333720449Jamestown1st English settlement
333720450Quebec1st French settlement
333720451Sir Francis Drake and the Sea Dogswanted to spread Protestantism and seize Spanish treasure; circumnavigated the globe
333720452Sir Walter Raleighstarted the colony of Roanoke
333720453Roanoakecolony in North Carolina- failure- disappeared
333720454Virgin QueenQueen Elizabeth
333720455Spanish ArmadaTried to fight against the English- destroyed by the sea dogs- *Turning point*- end of Spanish domination
333720456Virginia Companya joint stock company- settled North America- guaranteed settlers same rights as Englishmen
333720457Charterlegal document giving certain rights to a person or company
333720458Captain John Smithleader of Jamestown- helped by Pocahontas
333720459Powhatanindian cheif who led a mock execution of Captain John Smith
333720460Pocahontasprotected John Smith and became an intermediary- provided peace and food
333720461Starving Timename for the winter of 1609- severe famine
333720462Lord De La Wareperson who led the relief party to Jamestown- harsh military regime
333720463Irish Tacticswar methods used by Lord De La Ware against the Indians- raided and destroyed them
333720464First Powhatan War1614- war between Lord De La Ware and the Indians- ended with marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe
333720465Second Powhatan War1644- Indians tried to dislodge Virginians- Indians fail and are destroyed and banished from homeland
333720466The Three DsDisease, disorganization, disposablity
333720467John RolfePocahontas' husband- killed in Indian attacks- father of the tobacco industry
333720468Broad Acre Plantation Systemfarming method- increased demand for labor- encouraged by tobacco
333720469House of Burgessesfirst representative government in the colonies- miniature Parliament for the colonies
333720470Lord Baltimorefounded Maryland colonies for Catholics- wanted freedom of worship
333720471Act of Tolerationlaw that guaranteed tolerance for all Christians, but not for Jews or Atheists
333720472Barbados Slave Codelaw that gave masters complete control over their slaves
333720473Riceprincipal crop of Carolina- food for Barbados
333720474Charles Townbusiest seaport- aristocratic- diverse- religious toleration
333720475North Carolina Settlersoutcasts from aristocratic Virginia- poor, don't like authority
333720476TuscarorasIndians who fought North Carolina settlers- defeated- turned into slaves
333720477Yamaseeindians who fought the South Carolina settlers- defeated and dispersed
333720478Buffer colonywhat Georgia was to protect the colonies from Spanish Florida
333720479James Oglethorpeleader and one of the founders of Georgia- wanted it to be a place for people who were imprisoned for debt
333720480Hiawathaindian who founded the Iroquois Confederation
333720481Longhouseshomes of the Iroquois- shared by maternal families
333720482Handsome LakeIndian who preached to the Iroquois to stop morale decline- started the Longhouse religion

The American Pageant Chapter 1 Flashcards

New World Beginnings

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333718706Corn or MaizeStaple crop that formed the economic foundation of Indian civilizations.
333718707PortugalFirst European nation to send explorers around the west coast of Africa.
333718708HorseAnimal introduced by Europeans that changed Indian way of life on the Great Plains
333718709Treaty of TordesillasTreaty that secured Spanish title to lands in Americas by dividing them with Portugal.
333718710MestizosPerson of mixed European and Indian ancestry.
333718711St. AugustineFounded in 1565, it's the oldest continually inhabited European settlement in US territory
333718712Black LegendBelief that the Spanish only killed, tortured, and stole in the Americas while doing nothing good
333718713Roanoke Island, NCColony founded by Sir Walter Raleigh that mysteriously disappeared in the 1580's.
333718714Joint-stockForerunner of the modern corporation that enabled investors to pool financial capital for colonial ventures.
333718715CharterRoyal document granting a specified group the right to form a colony and guaranteeing settlers their rights as English citizens.
333718716Indentured ServantsPenniless people obligated to forced labor for a fixed number of years, often in exchange for passage to the New World.
333718717Act of TolerationMaryland statute of 1649 that granted religious freedom to all Christians, but not Jews and atheists.
333718718SquattersPoor farmers in North Carolina and elsewhere who occupied land and raised crops without gaining legal title to the soil
333718719House of BurgessesFirst representative government in New World.
333718720Ferdinand and IsabellaFinanciers and beneficiaries of Columbus's voyages of discovery.
333718721CortesConqueror of the Aztecs.
333718722PizarroConqueror of the Incas.
333718723Dias and DaGamaPortuguese navigators who led early voyages of discovery.
333718724ColumbusItalian-born explorer who believed he arrived off the coast of Asia rather than on an unknown continent.
333718725MontezumaPowerful Aztec monarch who fell to Spanish conquerors
333718726Elizabeth IUnmarried English ruler who led England to national glory.
333718727HiawathaLegendary founder of the powerful Iroquois Confederation
333718728John CabotItalian-born explorer sent by the English to explore the coast of North America in 1498
333718729GeorgiaFounded as a refuge for debtors by philanthropists.
333718730North CarolinaColony that was called "a vale of humility between two mountains of conceit".
333718731Smith and Rolfeleaders who rescued Jamestown from the "starving time".
333718732MarylandFounded as a haven for Roman Catholics.
333718733Lord BaltimoreCatholic aristocrat who sought to build a sanctuary for his fellow believers.
333718734South CarolinaColony that turned to disease-resistant African-American slaves for labor in its extensive rice plantations.
333718735Raleigh and GilbertElizabethan courtiers who failed in their attempts to found New World colonies

Anatomy Practical Flashcards

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273091577abdominal aortaBlood to abdominal cavity & common iliac arteries
273091578Carotid ArteryCarries Oxygenated blood to head & neck
273091579Common Iliac Arteryblood to pelvis & lower extremities
273091580DiaphragmMuscles contracts to breathe in, & relaxes to breathe out
273091581duodenum1st part of small intestine, major part of digestion
273091582esophagusfood mouth to stomach via peristalsis
273091583gall Bladderstores and releases bile to duodenum to break down fats
273091584Heartpumps Blood
273091585Jugular veinsDe-oxygenated blood from head & neck back toward heart
273091586KidneyFilters blood of nitrogenous waste, produces urine, controls salt & water balence
273091587Large IntestineReabsorbs waters, strores and excretes feces
273091588LiverDetoxifies blood, makes bile & cholesterol stores glycogen, and some vitamins
273091589LungsGas exchange - 02 in CO2 out
273091590PancreasSecretes enzymes for digestion trypsin, and hormones insulin and glucagon for blood sugar control
273091591ProstateMakes and secretes seminal fluids
273091592small intestineAbsorbs nutrients
273091593SpleenStores blood, breaks down old red blood cells, part of immune system
273091594StomachMechanical and chemical digestion of food with HCI & Pepsin
273091595Superior Vena CavaBlood from head & upper extremities to right atrium
273091596Thoracic AortaBlood to thorax continues as abdominal aorta
273091597TracheaBrings Air from mouth to lungs and back
273091598UreterUrine from kidneys to urinary bladder
273109129Urinary BladderStores and excretes urine
273091599Vagus Nerve10th cranial nerve, controls parasympathetic autonomic functions of organs

Human Anatomy Abbreviations Flashcards

Twerk. VIS---Very important set

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570437264abdabdominal
570437265acbefore meals
570437266ad libas desired
570437267AMA (ama)against medical advice
570437268ambambulatory
570437269AVatrioventricular
570437270axaxillary
570437271bidtwice a day
570437272CADcoronary artery disease
570437273CPRcardiopulmonary resuscitation
570437274DCdiscontinued
570437275DOBdate of birth
570437276DOSdate of surgery
570437277exexternal
570437278FUOfever of undetermined origin
570437279GIgastrointestinal
570437280GSWgunshot wound
570437281IVintravenous
570437282laclaceration
570437283RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQfour quadrants (right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower)
570437284LOCloss of consciousness
570437285N&Vnausea and vomiting
570437286noc (noct)night
570437287NPOnothing by mouth
570437288OPoutpatient
570437289scsubcutaneous
570437290ALSamyotrophic lateral sclerosis
570437291CPcerebral palsy
570437292CVAcardiovascular accident
570437293DTRdeep tendon reflexes
570437294EEGelectroencephalogram
570437295MSmultiple sclerosis
570437296TIAtransient ischemic attack
570437297Astastigmatism
570437298Ememmetropia
570437299EENTeye, ear, nose, and throat
570437300ODright eye
570437301OSleft eye
570437302OUeach eye
570437303RKradial keratotomy
570437304VAvisual acuity
570437305ADright ear
570437306ASleft ear
570437307AUboth ears
570437308TMtympanic membrane
570437309OMotitis media
570437310Otootology
570437311BPblood pressure
570437312SOBshortness of breath
570437313AOx3aware, oriented to person, place, time
570437314PERRLApupils equal, round, reactive and accommodation
570437315ACLanterior cruciate ligament
570437316CTScarpal tunnel syndrome
570437317EMGelectromyogram
570437318HNPherniated nucleus pulposus
570437319OAosteoarthritis
570437320OD(2)overdose
570437321orthoorthopedics
570437322RArheumatoid arthritis
570437323ROMrange of motion
570437324SCIspinal cord injury
570437325THRtotal hip replacement
570437326TKRtotal knee replacement
570437327C1-C77 cervical vertebrae
570437328T1-T1212 thoracic vertebrae
570437329L1-L55 lumbar vertebrae
570437330PTphysical therapy
570437331ADLactivities of daily living
570437332S/Pstatus post
570437333VSvital signs
570437334CXRchest x-ray
570437335CAcancer
570437336Metsmetastasis
570437337TNMtumor, node, metastasis
570437338antanterior
570437339APanterioposterior
570437340CAT scancomputed axial tomography scan
570437341infinferior
570437342latlateral
570437343medmedial
570437344MRImagnetic resonance imaging
570437345PAposteroanterior
570437346PET scanpositron emission tomography scan
570437347posposterior
570437348supsuperior
570437349Bxbiopsy
570437350Dxdiagnosis
570437351Fxfracture
570437352Hxhistory
570437353Rxprescription/treatment
570437354Rright
570437355Lleft
570437356three dotstherefore
570437357trianglechange
570437358c with a linewith
570437359s with a linewithout
570437360p with a linepost (after)
570437361MOImechanism of injury
570437362NSAIDnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
570437363Ptpatient

Calvin Cycle Flashcards

Biochemistry

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859337930Melvin ClavinWho discovered Calvin Cycle?
859337931dark reactionsThe reactions of this cycle are called the ___________ because they do NOT depend on light energy directly.
859337932LightWhat do the calvin reaction not depend on?
859337933-photosynthesis - sugarsThe cycle uses the energy produced by ____________ to synthesize _______ (such as glucose) by reducing CO2.
859337934CO2______ is reduced using the reducing potential of NADPH that is also produced by photosynthesis.
859337935NADPHCO2 is reduced using the reducing potential of _______ that is also produced by photosynthesis.
859337936autotrophsThis is why photosynthetic organisms are called ________ (self- feeders).
859337937heterotrophs.Non-photosynthetic organisms are called __________.
8593379381. Fixation 2. Reduction 3. RegenerationWhat are the three stages?
859337939Rubisco________ is the most abundant protein (enzyme) on the planet.
8593379401,5-ribulose- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenaseWhat is another name for rubisco?
8593379411,5-ribulose- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase____________: It catalyzes the same reaction two different ways. 
859337942Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate to 3-phosphoglycerateWhat starts and ends stage one?
8593379433-PhosphoglycerateWhat molecule is this?
859337944Ribulose 1,5 BisphosphateWhat molecule is this?
859337945Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate to 3-phosphoglycerateWhat catalyzes this reaction?
8593379463- phosphoglycerate and phosphoglycolate.Sometimes Rubisco reacts with oxygen instead of CO2 to form ?
859337947salvage pathwayPhosphoglycolate undergoes a ______________ to salvage the carbon skeleton.
859337948salvage pathway____________: This pathway ultimately produces the amino acid glycine which can potentially convert to glucose
859337949glycineWhat does Phosphglycolate ultimately produce?
859337950NODoes the salvage pathway produce ATP or NADPH?
859337951PhosphoglycolateWhat molecule is this?
859337952Hydroperoxide intermediateWhat molecule is this?
859337953Phosphoglycolate 3- PhosphoglycerateWhat happens with Ribulose 1,5BP reacts with oxygen and rubisco?
859337954You get two 3- PhosphoglycerateWhat happens with Ribulose 1,5BP reacts with CO2 and rubisco?
8593379553-phosphglycerate to Fructose 6-phosphateWhat starts and finishes stage 2?
859337956reactions in glycolysis?What is stage 2 familiar to?
859337957twoHow many of each molecule in stage two up to fructose 6-phosophate?
859337958Phosphoglycerate kinase with the use of 2 ATPs because two of each molecule.What converts 3-phosphogylcerate to 1,3BPG?
859337959Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase with the use of 2 NADPH because 2 of each molecule.What converts 1,3-BPG to Glyceraldhyde 3-Phosphate?
8593379601. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to fructose 1,6 BP by aldolase. 2. Fructose 1,6BP to F-6P by Fructose 1,6-BisphosphataseHow is glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate converted to Fructose 6-phosphate?
8593379611,3 BisphosphoglycerateWhat molecule is this?
859337962Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphateWhat molecule is this?
859337963Fructose 6-PhosphateWhat molecule is this?
859337964Fructose 1,6 BisphosphateWhat molecule is this?
8593379651. Glucose 1- phosphate has a reversible reaction with G-6P by phosphoglucomutase. 2. Glucose 6-phosphate has a reversible reaction with F-6P by phosopglucosomeraeWhat is the hexose monophosphate pool?
859337966The regeneration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphateWhat happens in stage 3?
859337967Three reactionsGenerating 5-carbon sugar from 6-carbon sugar requires?
8593379681. Transketolase 2. Aldolase 3. TransketolaseGenerating 5-carbon sugar from 6-carbon sugar requires THREE reactions. What are they?
859337969TransketolaseStage 3. 1. ________: An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a ketone group from a ketose to an aldose.
859337970AldolaseStage 3 2. _______: We encountered this enzyme in glycolysis. Catalyzes aldo condensation.
859337971TransketolaseStage 3 3. _________: to generate a 5-carbon sugar.
859337972Erythrose 4-phosphate + Xylulose 5-phosphateFructose 6P + GA 3P are catalyzed by transketolase to produce?
859337973TransketolaseFructose 6P + GA 3P are catalyzed by what to create Erythrose 4-phosphate + Xylulose 5-phosphate ?
859337974Xyulose 5-phosphateWhat molecule is this?
859337975Erythrose 4-PhosphateWhat molecule is this? `
859337976Sedoheptulose 1,7 bisphosphateWhat molecule is this?
859337977Sedoheptulose 7-PhosphateWhat molecule is this?
859337978Sedoheptulose 1,7 -BPWhat does Erthyrose 4P and DHAP create with aldolase?
859337979AldolaseErthyrose 4P and DHAP are reacted to make Sedoheptulose 1,7 -BP by?
859337980Sedoheptulose 7, phosphateSedoheptulose 1,7 -BP reacts with Sedohetpulose 1,7 bisphosphtase to create?
859337981Sedohetpulose 1,7 bisphosphtaseSedoheptulose 1,7 -BP is changed to Sedoheptulose 7, phosphate by?
859337982Ribose 5-P and Xyulose 5-PSedoheptulose 7, phosphate + GA-3P react with Transketolase to make?
859337983TanskeolaseSedoheptulose 7, phosphate + GA-3P can make Ribose 5-P and Xyulose 5-P by?
8593379841. Ribose 5-P -> Ribulose 5-P by phosphopentose isomerase 2. Ribulose 5-P -> Ribulose 1,5-BP by Phosphoribulose kinase with the use of an ATPHow is Ribose 5-P converted to Ribulose 1,5BP?
8593379851. Xylulose 5-P -> Ribulose 5-P by phosphopentose epimerase 2. Ribulose 5-P -> Ribulose 1,5BP by phosphribulose kinase with the use of ATPHow does Xylulose 5-P convert to Ribulose 1,5BP?
859337986Ribose 5-PhosphateWHat molecule is this?
859337987Xylulose 5-PhosphateWhat molecule is this?
859337988Ribulose 5-PhosphateWhat molecule is this?
859337989Draw Slide outPractice writing out slide.
859569186StromaWhere does the calvin cycle happen? This is because everything is pumped outside the Thylakoid.
859569187Thylakoid spaceThylakoid lumen is also called ?
859569188Thylakoid membrane spaceWhere does oxidation/phosphorylation occur?
859569189CO2_____ from air is fixed.That is the power of calvin cycle. Power of synthesizing molecules.
859569190CO2What is carbon from starch?
859569191NADPH and ATPTo link carbons together it needs energy. generates ___ and ___ to utilize this energy.
859569192Stage 1: fixation_________: carbon fixation getting free carbons and fixing them to a molecule.
8595691933-PhosphoglycerateWhat does stage one generate as the building block using a lot of energy?
859569194Hexoses -Starches, cellulose, glycogen.What is our goal to make from the calvin cycle?
859569195Stage 2: Reduction_________: adding reducing power. Plants are putting energy in (we take the energy out of 3-phosphoglycerate). Reduce the carbons adding more energy to them to eventually build fructose 6-phosphate.
859569196Stage 3: Regeneration_________: Ribulose 1,5_BP is a ribulose, pentoketose. 5 carbons. It accepts the carbons to be fixed on it, in order to make more complex molecules. Hence the reducing power. Must be regenerated
859569197Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenaseWhat enzyme fixes CO2 on to ribulose 1,5-BP?
859569198Carboxylase because it is taking CO2 and adding it to Ri-1,5-BPWhat is the carboxylase part of Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ?
859569199Oxygenase: another function of this enzyme that uses oxygen instead of CO2.What is the oxygenase part of Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase?
859569200Carboxylase of RubiscoThe _____ run, which is fixing of CO2. Happens by adding CO2 to make a unstable 6 carbon intermediate that can be broken into two 3 carbon molecules.
859569201to male glucoseWhat can 3-phosphogylcerate produced in stage 1 be eventually used for?
859569202This is not as efficient as CO2. It makes 3-phosphoglycerate and phosphoglycolate. This is not useful to make glucose later.What happens when the oxygenase function of rubisco is used?
859569203Phosphoglycolate____________: eventually used to make amino acids. Potentially glycine. could be converted to glucose, just not a direct path towards making a carbohydrate.
859569204ElectronsReduction stage: Now we have 2 molecules of 3-PG. Now going to add _____ to make bigger molecules that is rich in energy. This could later be used in glycolysis or other pathways.
859569205Uses NADPH not NADHWhat is different between the Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme in the calvin reaction compared to gyloclysis and gluconeogensis?
859569206Calvin Cycle_________; is the process of building a molecule from starch. Starting with CO2 and electrons. Using energy to build molecules full of energy.
859569207Aldo condensation reaction (adding the two molecules together.What kind of reaction is DHAP and GA-3P to F-1,6-BP?
859569208Build any molecule going all the way to glucose 1-phosphateOnce we have built Fructose 6-phosphate, the plants can build any? from the hexose pool, going all the way to?
859569209It is a substrate used to build polymers. Polymers of glucose, like glycogen, starch, and pectins.Why does the calvin cycle want to build glucose 1-phosphate?
859569210NoCan the glucose 6-phosphate be used to build polymers?
859569211Mutation reactionWhat type of reactions is Glucose 6-Phosphate to Glucose 1-Phospahte or vis versa?
859569212Glucose 1-Phosphate________: the molecule that provides the building blocks for homopolymers.
859569213IsomerazationWhat type of reaction converts Fructose 6-Phosphate to Glucose 6-phosphate or vis versa?
859569214It is built from units of carbon dioxide.What different about the glucose 1-phosphate built in the Calvin cycle compared to glucose 1-phosphate from the galactose entry to glycolysis?
859569215hexosesCalvin cycle allows you to build any?
859569216By regenerating Ribulose 5-phosphate and phosphorylating it.How is ribulose 1,5-BP regenerated?
859569217Transketolase and AldolaseWhat two enzymes are responsible for regenerating ribulose 1,5-BP.
859569218Transketolase and AldolaseUsing what two enzyme that can build any carbohydrate in the monosaccharide world.
859569219Transketolase_____________; can catalyze the transfer of a ketone group from one ketose to an aldose. Aka transferring ketones.
859569220Aldolase________: break hexoses into aldose and a ketose. Or can build a hexose from DHAP and a ketose.
859569221Transketolase______: moves the ketone from F-6P to GA-3P to make Xylulose 5-Phopshate. F-6P without the ketone is Erythrose 4P
859569222Xylulose 5-PhosphateWhat is a ketone + GA-3P make?
859569223Erythrose 4-PhosphateWhat is fructose 6-Phosphate without the ketone?
859569224Calvin Cycle, Stage 3: regenerationAll the molecules produced from _____ are floating in the cycle and a provider for building blocks.
859569225Erythrose 4-Phosphate and Dihydroxyacetone phosphateWhat two things react with aldolase to make seduhetpulose 1,7-bisphosphate?
859569226DephosphorylationWhat type of reaction does Sedoheptulose 1,7 bisphosphate phosphatase do?
859569227Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.Seduheptose 7-phosphate will donate its ketone group to _____ to make Xylulose 5-Phosphate
859569228Xylulose 5-PhosphateWhat does the ketone from Sedoheptose -7P + GA-3P make?
859569229Ribose 5-PhosphateWhat is Sedohetpose 7-phosphate minus its ketone?
859569230ketoseRibose is a hexose while ribulose is a?
859569231Aldose to a KetoseWhat type of isomerization reaction is Ribose 5-phosphate to Ribulose 5-Phosphate?
859569232Epimer at carbon 3.What type of epimer reaction is Xylulose 5-phosphate to ribulose 5-phosphate.
859569233Calvin CycleNow we have generating electron power from scratch, we generated ATP from scratch, and then used these to make bigger molecules that have electron power. All these molecules end up in our foods that we digest and use in glycolysis. What process is this?

AP Physics -B Exam Review Flashcards

This a collection of over 200 questions you should be able to answer for the AP Physics-B exam. These are a partially from a document that is a collection of over 100 questions you should know before taking the AP physics exam. I do not know the original author. I have broken up, re-worded and added many questions.
This is a vast amount of information, take the quizzes over and over. Knowing this information will help your speed and recognizing the concepts but it will not guarantee a "5. You need to know how to apply the concepts to solve problems and create a graph from any equation.

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57770955What two entities comprise a vector?Magnitude and direction
57770956What do you do with any vector that is not on either the x or y axis?Break it up into x and y components using trig, add up the components.
57770957How are velocity and speed different?Velocity has a direction and speed does not have direction.
57770958What quantity is calculated from slope of the displacement versus time graph?velocity
57770959What does upward slope on a displacement versus time graph imply about the velocity.The velocity is positive
57770960What is acceleration?How quickly you change velocity.
57770961What is the area under the velocity time graph?Displacement
57770962What is the y intercept of the velocity time graph?The initial velocity, (Vo in the formulas)
57770963What is the area under the acceleration versus time graph?The CHANGE in velocity.
57770964What is the horizontal acceleration of projectiles?ZERO
57770965What direction controls time in falling body and projectile motion problems?Vertical direction
57770966What do you know about two objects that are launched at different horizontal velocities?They fall, vertically, the by the same amount in the same time.
57770967What equation describes the distance that a dropped object falls "t" seconds after it started moving?x=(1/2)at^2 Remember, the word "dropped" implies no initial velocity.
57770968What equation describes the distance that a horizontally launched projectile falls t seconds after it started moving?x=(1/2)at^2 ...Horizontal velocity does not affect the time of fall.
57770969What equation describes the speed of a dropped object "t" seconds after it started moving?V=Vo + at ...The word "dropped" means no initial velocity.
57770970What equation describes the speed in the x-direction of a projectile "t" seconds after it started moving?Vx=(Vxo)t ...Recall that there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
57770971What equation describes the speed in the y-direction of a projectile "t" seconds after it started moving?Vy=Vyo + gt ...Watch the signs.
57770972What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the x direction?The body is moving at a constant velocity
57770973What is implied when an object is not accelerating in the y direction?g=zero so h=(Vyo)t
57770974When is sum of force (net force) zero.When a body is moving at a constant velocity or not moving at all.
57770975When is sum of force (net force) NOT zero.When a body's speed is changing.
57770976What force is always present, and what is its equation?Weight ...w=mg
57770977How is sum of force (net force) depicted in a free body diagram?It is an arrow that DOES NOT touch the body. Recall that the net force is the answer when all the forces are added up.
57770978When is a normal force present, what is its direction?When the body rests on a surface.
57770979What is the component of "mg" parallel to a slope?(mg)sin(angle)
57770980What is the general equation for motion down a slope and how does it change if the object is going up the slope?x=Vo + ((1/2)g)sin(angle)t^2
57770981In uniform circular motion, how is tangential velocity calculated?2(pi)R/T ...Circumference/Period
57770982What is the direction of the centripetal force?The centripetal force points along the radius towards the center of the circle.
57770983What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration?The centripetal acceleration points along the radius towards the center of the circle. (Just like the centripetal force.)
57770984How is the centripetal force represented in a free body diagram?It is the net force pointing towards the center.
57770985A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the top edge of the bowl?It is towards the center and downwards a little. It is the sum of the normal force perpendicular to the bowl and the weight downwards.
57770986A ball rolls inside a salad bowl. The ball is released along the top edge and rolls down before climbing to the same height on the opposite side of the bowl. What is the direction of the acceleration of the ball when it at the bottom of the bowl?The acceleration is towards the center. It is supplied by the normal force and points towards the center.
57770987Mathematically what does centripetal force represent and how is centripetal force calculated?The centripetal force is the net force. It's magnitude is calculated from F=ma where "a" is the centripetal force.
57770988How is a force's direction oriented compared to a bodies direction of motion to get a circular (curved) path of motion?The force is perpendicular to the motion to get a circular path of motion. (Think about centripetal force.)
57770989How much work is the work done on an object moving in a circle? Why?Zero. Because the displacement is perpendicular to the force (centripetal force.)
57770990If you double the mass of one planet, triple the mass of another, and move them twice as far apart, what happens to the force of attraction between them?The new force is 2/4 or 1/2 times the old force. ...Because the force of gravity varies directly with the masses and inverse squared to the distance apart.
57770991What is the derived equation for the ACCELERATION of gravity in terms of m and "r" squared?G(M:earth)/r^2 ...force of gravity = G(M:earth)(M:body)/r^2
57770992How can total momentum be calculated?Adding the momentum of all the bodies.
57770993What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions? State the relevant equations for each.kinetic energy is conserved for an elastic collision and not for an inelastic collision. ELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1'+m1v2': INELASTIC: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m1)v
57837672What is impulse?Impulse is the change in momentum
57837673How does impulse relate to force?Impulse is (force)(time)
57837674What is a key requirement in order for work to be done?A displacement must occur. ( W=Fd)
57837675Work is the area under which curve?The graph of force vs displacement
57837676What is work energy theorem and what is its significance?Work is the change in kinetic energy. Work transfers energy to and from a body
57837677What is conservation of energy and what is its significance?Sum of all the energy forms before a condition equals the sum of all the energy forms after the condition.
57837678What is the energy equation if you see a height difference between two points in the problem?Potential energy stored in gravity (PE = mgh)
57837679What is the energy equation if you see a particle accelerated perpendicular to two charged plates, or the problem states that the particle is accelerated through a potential difference?W=qV where "W" is the work, "q" is the charge and "V" is the potential difference measured in Volts.
57837680What is Kinetic Energy lost and how is it calculated?Lost kinetic energy is work. It is calculated from Fd or KE:final - KE:initial
57837681What is the energy equation for the change in temperature if it results from a loss in KE?KE=(3/2)kT where k is Boltzman's constant
57837682What is the energy equation if a force (friction) through a distance results in heat and thus a change in temperature?KE=Work
57837683What is the relationship that describes the rate that work is done, or that energy is used?Power ... Power equals the change in energy over time.
57837684In a pendulum or spring, what are the displacement, velocity, PE and KE at the equilibrium position?Displacement is zero because it is measured from equilibrium position. KE and velocity are at a maximum and it is the lowest point so PE due to gravity is at zero.
57837685In a pendulum or spring, what are the displacement, velocity, PES, and K at maximum displacement?This is the highest point of the swinging motion. PE is at a maximum. Displacement is the greatest from equilibrium. KE and Velocity are zero.
57837686What do the period of pendulums and springs each depend on?Pendulums depend on the length of the arm and the pull of gravity. springs depend on mass and the spring constant.
57837687What is temperature?The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
57837688What is internal energy?The motion of the molecules in gas.
57837689What is an indication of a change in the internal energy?A change in the gas' temperature.
57837690What is heat?The transfer of thermal energy
57837691What is meant by the terms system and environment?system is the gas being studied. Environment is the surroundings outside the gas.
57837692What are the two forms of the ideal gas law?PV=nRT and PV=kT
57837693What is the 1st law of thermodynamics as applied to gases.dU = Q+W ...dU:of the environment = Q:from the environment + W:by the environment
57837694What is an isothermal process, and what is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics?The PVT conditions change for a gas without changing the temperature.
57837695What is the impact on the first law of thermodynamics for an isothermal process?dU = zero. The change in temperature of the gas is zero.
57837696What is an adiabatic process?An adiabatic process is where no thermal energy is transfered between the system and its surroundings.
57837697What is its impact on the first law of thermodynamics of an adiabatic process?Q=0 because thermal energy is not transfered between the system and its surroundings
57837698What is the area under any PV curve?Work done "BY" the gas.
57837699Under what conditions is mechanical work positive?Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
57837700Under what conditions is mechanical work negative?Work is positive when the force and displacement point in the same direction.
57837701Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) positive?Work by a system is positive when the gas expands. (The volume increases.)
57837702Under what conditions is work by a system ( gas) negative?Work by a system is negative when the gas contracts. (The volume decreases.)
57837703Under what conditions is heat positive?Heat, (the "Q" variable), is POSITIVE when thermal energy is being ADDED to a system.
57837704Under what conditions is heat negative?Heat, (the "Q" variable), is NEGATIVE when thermal energy is being REMOVED from a system.
57838484How is the net work of a system (gas) measured?The NET work BY a system is the area enclosed in a cycle on a PV diagram.
57838485What is the second law of thermodynamics?Statistically speaking, energy flows from hot to cold.
57839555Describe the relationship between Qh, Qc, and W in a heat engine?Work of a system is equal to 1-Qc/Qh
57839556How can you tell when an engine is a Carnot Engine?The engine's efficiency is 1-Tc/Th. It is defined by the temperature's in the reservoirs and not the thermal energy flowing from them.
57839557Under what conditions does entropy increase?Entropy always increases.
57839648What are 2 key differences between electric force and gravitational force?The electric force (Coulomb's Law) can attract and repel and it depends on charge. Universal Gravity depends on mass and always attracts.
57852169In electrostatics, what takes the place of m and g in the formulae?"m" is replaced by "q," and "g" is replaced by "E." W=mg is replaced by F=qE. The second formula describes the force on a charged particle in uniform electric field.
57852170If you have two charges, and you double one charge and triple the other, and move them twice as far apart, what happens to the force of attraction / repulsion between them?According to Coulomb's Law, the new force is 6/4 times the old charge.
57852171What is the derived equation for the electric field in terms of q and r^2 ?E=kq/r^2 This is the electric field's magnitude at a point in space.
57852172What is the difference between the variable "q" and "Q?""q" is a single particle's charge and "Q" is the sum of all the charges. Q=q1+q2+q3+q4...
57852173What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical CONDUCTOR?Zero.
57852174What is the electric field's magnitude inside of a container made from an electrical INSULATOR?Something other than zero.
57852175What does the term potential difference mean?Potential difference is the change in energy of a charged particle divided by its charge.
57852176What is the potential energy of a charge in an electric field?V=kq/R
57852177What does the term electric potential energy mean?Electric potential is the potential energy associated with the electric force F=qE
57852178What are three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?C=kEA/d: Increase the area of the plates, decrease the distance between the plates,and increase the dielectric constant between the plates.
57852179What forces charges to move?The electric field forces charges to move.
57852180What do batteries and generators produce?A potential difference and a flow and energized charges.
57852181What is the actual movement of charges, and how is it measured?The movement of charges is the current and it is measures by the number of charges per second at a point.
57852182What causes resistance?Obstacles in the path of the flow of charges.
57852183How does a wires composition effect resistance?But placing more obstacles in the path of the charge's flow.
57852184How length effect resistance?The longer the length of wire, the higher the resistance.
57852185How does thickness effect resistance?The thicker the wire, the lower the resistance.
57852186How does temperature effect resistance?The higher the temperature the higher the resistance. They are proportional to each other.
57852187What is the relationship between voltage, current and resistance?Ohm's Law: V=IR
57888836What is the relationship between power, voltage and current?P=IV
57888837What quantity stays the same for resistors in series?Current stays the same for resistors in series.
57888838What quantity ADDS for resistors in seriesResistance: R=R1+R2+R3+...
57888839What stays the same for resistors or capacitors in parallel?Change in voltage across the resistor or capacitor.
57888840What stays the same for capacitors in series?The charge on each capacitor.
57888841What kind of capacitor circuit adds to find the total capacitance?Parallel. Because the plates are shared.
57888842What is the path of a charged particle in a magnetic field?The particle travels in a circle. Radius=momentum/qB
57888843How is the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field creating the path calculated?The force is perpendicular to the motion. This always results in a curved path. (Open right hand rule)
57888844What is the work done on a charged particle by the magnetic field? Why?ZERO. Because the force is perpendicular to the displacement . (Open right hand rule.)
57888845How is the magnitude of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?F=Bilsin(theta) ...F=Force (N), B:=magnetic field (T), i=current (A), l=length of wire in the field (m), theta is the acute angle between the field and current's directions.
57888846How is the direction of the force on a current carrying wire calculated?Open right hand rule
57888847What is electromagnetic induction?Electromagnetic induction is the generation of an Emf by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. emf=change in flux/dt
57888848What is needed for electromagnetic induction to occur?Electromagnetic induction occurs when a conductor is moved through a magnetic field such that a component of the fields is perpendicular to the current;s direction.
57888849What is the difference between emf and voltage?Emf is the maximum available energy per charge at the terminal of a power source. Voltage is the actual available energy per charge at the terminals of a power source. Some energy is lost due to the source internal resistance.
57888850What is the formula relating emf and voltage?V=E - IR V=terminal voltage (Volts), E = emf: electromotiveforce (Volts), IR = Internal drop in energy per charge (Volts)
57888851How does the closed right hand rule work in electromagnetic induction?It is used in Lenz's Law to determine the change in flux of a conductor.
57888852What is the difference between a motor and a generator?A motor uses energy to spin the coils in a magnetic field. A generator spins the coils to create an potential difference.
57888853What are the differences and similarities between transverse and longitudinal waves?Transverse waves: The displacement is perpendicular to the wave's motion. Longitudinal waves: The displacement is in the direction of the wave's motion.
57890339Give an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave.Longitudinal Wave: Sound wave, Transverse Wave: Light wave, "The Wave" in a a crowd at a porting event.
57890340What is the relationship between speed, frequency, and wavelength?wave speed = (wavelength)(frequency)
57890341What is the relationship between energy, frequency, and wavelength in any wave?E=hf=hc/(wavelength)
57890342How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is opened on both ends?Only 1/2 a wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/2
57890343How is tube length and wavelength related for a tube that is closed on ONE end?Only 1/4 wavelength fits in the tube. L=wavelength/4
57890344What cause an electromagnetic wave, and what makes the wave propagate indefinitely even in a vacuum?The interaction between an oscillating electric magnetic fields that are oriented 90° to each other. It propagates indefinitely because the wave takes its own medium.
57890345What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?Radio, Infrared, Visible, UltraViolet, X-Rays, Gamma Rays.
57890346What is the order of the visible range electromagnetic spectrum?ROY-G-BIV: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet
57890347What is the difference between reflection, refraction, and diffraction?Reflection is the bouncing of waves. Refraction is the bending of waves. Diffraction bends waves around small objects and causes interference from a coherent sources.
57890348Define reflectionThe bouncing of light
57890349Define RefractionThe bending of light
57890350Define diffractionBends waves around small objects and the interference of waves from a coherent sources.
57890351What is the law of reflection?The Law of reflection states that the incident angle of a wave is equal to the reflected angle.
57890352Define Snell's law.(n1)sin(theta1) = (n2)sin(theta2)
57903947What happens at the critical angle?The refracted light ray is bent 90°. (Parallel to the interface surface.)
57903948When light travels from LESS dense to a MORE dense mediums, how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line.LESS to MORE dense, the refracted ray bends TOWARDS the normal line.
57903949When light travels from MORE dense to LESS dense mediums, how does the refracted ray bend in relation to the normal line.MORE to LESS dense, the refracted ray bends AWAY from the normal line.
57903950How must the mediums light is traveling through be arranged so that the condition for the critical angle can exist?Light must travel from more to less dense so the refracted ray can bend away from the normal.
57903951What doesn't change (speed, frequency, or wavelength), when light moves from one medium to another?frequency (Think of the color as not changing.)
57903952What conservation law dictates that the frequency of light cannot change as it travels between mediums?Conservation of Energy ... because E=hf
57903953What conditions are necessary to change the reflected ray's phase by 180°?A reflected ray's phase is changes by 180° when the ray is bounced as it tries to travel from a lower to higher index of refraction. It is also changed y 180° when it bounces off of shiny surfaces.
57903954What shapes are converging lenses?Lenses that are fatter in the middle than on the edges.
57903955What shape is a diverging lenses?Lenses that are thinner in the middle than on the edges.
57903956What shape is a converging mirrors?Concave mirrors are converging mirrors.
57903957What shape is a diverging mirror?convex mirrors are diverging mirrors.
57903958Which type of lenses have a POSITIVE focal length?Converging lenses have a positive focal length.
57903959Which type of lenses have a NEGATIVE focal length?Diverging lenses have a negative focal length.
57933423What are the two rules for ray tracing in lenses that work all the time?(1) Straight through the vertex. (2) Parallel then through the primary focus.
57933424What are the three rules needed for mirrors, since not all three work every time?(1) Bounced off the vertex. (2) Parallel the through the focus. (3) Through the focus and parallel.
57933425Which kind of lens always has a virtual image?Diverging
57933426Which kind of mirror always has a virtual image.Convex
57933427Which kind of mirror can show a real image?Concave
57933428Which kind of mirror cannot magnify an image?Convex
57933429What makes an image "real?"The light travels through the image.
57933430When are f, p, q, ho, hi, and M positive for mirrors?When the object is beyond the focus for a concave mirror.
57933431What kind of image do you get when the object is placed at the focus?No image.
57933432What kind of mirror has a positive focus?Concave
57933433What is an object placed when the distance between it and the mirror is positive?In front of the mirror, in the light.
57933434What two things must be true for a positive magnification?(1) The image is larger than the object: ho>hi. (2) image is upright.
57933435When is the image negative for mirrors?When it is on the "dark" side of the mirror. Opposite the light.
57933436When is the image negative for a lens?When it is on the same side as the image?
57933437What is Huygen's Principle?Every point on a wave front is a secondary source.
57933438State the significance of Young's Experiment.Provided experimental proof of the wave property of light.
57933439What does the pattern look like in a Young's Double Slit diffraction pattern?Dark in the middle and alternating light and dark spots after that.
57933440What does the pattern look like in a Young's Single Slit diffraction pattern?Broad bright spot in the middle and alternating dark and light spots to the sides.
57933441What did Thompson discover?The electron
57933442What did Rutherford discover?The nucleus
57933443What is the Bohr Model of the atom?That the orbits of the electrons are like planets around the Sun.
57933444What is the energy of a photon?E=hf ...E=energy of a single photon (J), h = Plank's constant, f=frequency (Hz)
57933445What is mass energy equivalence?Energy and mass are equated by E=mc^2.
57933446What does light absorption involve?The incoming light (electromagnetic wave) has the same frequency as some of the electrons.
57933447What does light emission involve?Electromagnetic wave exits the electrons to a higher orbital. When the electron relaxes, a wavelength of light is given off.
57933448What is ionization energy and how does it compare to the work function?The work function is a minimum amount of energy needed to release a photon from a collection in the surface of a material. The ionization energy is the energy needed to release an electron from a single, free-floating, molecule. the ionization energy is higher than the wave function.
57933449What is the photoelectric effect?It is the release of photoelectrons released by photons with an energy (E=hf) above the work function.
57933450What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number?Atomic number is the number of protons. Atomic mass number is the number of nucleons, (protons and neutrons.)
57933451How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?Atomic mass number minus atomic number.
57933452What is an isotope?Same number of protons by a different number of neutrons. e.g. Carbon-12 versus Carbon-14
57933453What is the binding energy?The energy required to remove an electron or nucleon from a molecule.
57933454What is the strong force?THe force that holds the nucleus together.
57933455What causes radioactivity?The release of a particle or photon from an UNSTABLE nucleus.
57933456What is transmutation?It is when a nucleon changes properties. Like a neutron changing into a proton.
57933457What are the three types of radiation?Alpha, Beta, and Gamma
57933458What comprises alpha radiation?The release of a Helium nuclei, 4,2 He2+
57933459What comprises beta radiation?The release of an electron and antineutrino or the release of a positron and a neutrino.
57933460What comprises gamma decay?The release of an energetic photon from an overly excited molecule.
57933461Which type of radiation has the lowest energy?Alpha
57933462Which type of radiation has the highest energy?Gamma
57933836What is half life?It is the time for 1/2 a substance to decay by radioactive processes.
57973405What is force times the perpendicular distance?Torque
57973406What is force times the parallel diplacement?Work
57973407What is force times time?Impulse
57973408What is the name given to the distance between the pivot point and applied perpendicular force?Moment arm
57973409Define mass in terms of density.m=(rho)V
57973410S.I. unit of pressurePascal
57973411This is the gauge pressure when under water.(rho)gh
57973412Continuity equationa1v1=a2v2
57973413How does the speed change when the pressure is decreased?Speed ups
57973414Pressure of an open container at the opening.atmospheric pressure
57973415This is used to determine the speed of a fluid when the pipe slopes up or down.Bernoulli's equation
57973416Flow RateVolume/time
57973417Flow Rate(Cross-sectional Area)(Velocity)
57973418BuoyancyForce lifting a body when it is in a fluid.
57973419The "V" is (rho)VgThe volume under water
57973420Force in terms of pressureForce= Pressure/Area
57973421Condition for no rotationSum of the torques equal zero.
57973422The speed of a ball when it lands at the same height it was thrown from.initial velocity
57975528S.I. unit of torqueN•m
57975529S.I. unit of fluxWeber
57975530S.I. unit of Flow ratem^3/s
57975531S.I. unit of workJoule
57975532S.I. unit of every kind of energyJoule
57975533S.I. unit of powerWatt
57975534S.I. unit of momentumkg•m/s
57975535Unit that means the same thing as NmJoule
57975536S.I. unit of centripetal forceNewton
57975537S.I. unit of frictional forceNewton
57975538S.I. unit of gravitational forceNewton
57975539S.I. Unit of electric forceNewton
57975540S.I. unit of magnetismTesla
58974305Formula for work by a car that changes speed on a horizontal road.W = KE:final - KE:initial
58974306Formula for work as a charged particle travels across two charged platesW=qV
58974307Formula for the electric force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.F=qE
58974308Formula for the electric field between a pari of charged plates.E=V/d
58974309Unit of electric fieldN/C
58974310Unit of energy for electricity.V ... Volt is a Joule/Coulomb
58974311Energy of a SINGLE photonE=hf
58974312Average kinetic energy of an ideal gas's SINGLE molecule.KE = (3/2)kT
58974313Gauge Pressurepgh ..thats ("rho")(gravity's acceleration)(height)
58974314Formula for the potential difference of a point charge as compared to infinity.V=kq/R
58974315Formula for the electric field at point in space for a single point charge.E=kq/R^2
58974316Electric force felt by a charge due to another charge.F=kq1q2/R^2

13 colonies and their Reasons for Founding Flashcards

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35807209Virginia(Southern Colony) It was founded in 1607 by the London Company to find gold.
35807210Plymouth(New England Colony) It was founded in 1620 by Seperatist Pilgrims for religious freedom.
35807211Massachusetts Bay(New England Colony) It was founded in 1630 by Puritans for religious freedom.
35807212Rhode Island(New England Colony) It was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams and his supporters for religious freedom and seperation of church from state after a disagreement with Massachusetts Bay.
35807213Connecticut(New England Colony) It was founded in 1635 by Thomas Hooker and his followers for political and religious freedom after a disagreement with Massachusetts Bay.
35807214New Hampshire(New England Colony) It was founded in 1692 by John Mason for farming.
35807215New York(Middle Colony) It was founded by the Dutch for trade and furs and became an English Colony in 1664.
35807216New Jersey(Middle Colony) It was founded in 1664 for farming and trade.
35807217Maryland(Southern Colony) It was founded by Lord Baltimore and other Catholics for religious freedom.
35807218Pennsylvania(Middle Colony) It was founded by William Penn and some other Quakers for religious freedom.
35807219Delaware(Middle Colony) It was founded in 1776.
35807220The Carolinas(Southern Colony) It was founded by supporters of Charles II for farming and trade. It later split into North and South Carolina.
35807221Georgia(Southern Colony) It was founded by James Oglethorpe for relief for poor English and as a buffer between Spanish Florida and The Carolinas.

Colonial America Flashcards

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520425803Royal Colonycolony under control of the English crown and a council appointed by the king or queen
520425804Proprietary Colonycolony run by individuals or groups to whom land was granted
520425805Joint-Stock Companya company in which investors buy stock in the company in return for a share of its future profits
520425806Charter Colonycolony established by a group of settlers who had been given a formal document allowing them to settle
520425807Chartera document that gives the holder the right to organize settlements in an area
520425808RoanokeEngland's "lost colony" established in 1587, but its colonists were never seen again.
520425809Spanish ArmadaTheir defeat by England marked the end of Spain's control of the sea, and opened the way for England and others to explore North America
520425810Virginia Companyjoint-stock company that started Jamestown
520425811JamestownEngland's first permanent colony in North America
520425812John Smithleader of Jamestown colony that said "No work, No food." Credited with Jamestown's early survival.
520425813PowhatanNative American chief that led the tribe near Jamestown.
520425814Starving Timetime period during the winter of 1609-1610 that left only 60 survivors.
520425815John RolfeVirginia colonists that brought West Indies tobacco to Jamestown
520425816Tobaccocash crop that helped Jamestown grow and prosper
520425817Pocahontasdaughter of Chief Powhatan that married John Rolfe
520425818Headright Systemsystem where Virginia colonists were given 50 acres of land for every settler, 50 acres for every family member over 15, and for each servant brought to Virginia.
520425819House of Burgessesfirst representative government in North America. Established in 1619, each of 10 towns would send 2 delegates to an assembly to make local laws for the colony.
520425820New England ColoniesNew Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island
520425821Dissentdisagreement with or opposition to an opinion
520425822Persecutedto treat someone harshly because of that person's beliefs or practices
520425823PuritansProtestants who, during the 1600s, wanted to reform the Anglican Church
520425824SeparatistsProtestants who, during the 1600s, wanted to leave the Anglican church in order to start their own church.
520425825SeparatistsWere the Pilgrims puritans or separatists?
520425826PilgrimsSeparatists who journeyed to Plymouth Colony off Cape Cod, Massachusetts during the 1600s for a religious purpose
520425827Mayflowername of the Pilgrims boat
520425828"Strangers"the 77 of the 102 people on the Mayflower that were not Pilgrims, who hoped to find a better life in America.
520425829Mayflower Compactformal document, written in 1620, that provided law and order to the Plymouth Colony. An important step towards representative democracy.
520425830Massasoitleader of the Wampanoag peoples who lived near the Pilgrims.
520425831Massachusetts Bay Colonycharter colony started by the Puritans in Massachusetts north of Plymouth. Boston and Salem were famous towns.
520425832Puritanswanted to create a new society in America based on the Bible
520425833Great Migrationrefers to the 15,000 Puritans who moved to Massachusetts from England in the 1630s to escape religious persecution and economic hard times.
520425834General CourtIn the Massachusetts Bay Colony, adult male church members could vote for governor and town's representatives. These reps became known as the....
520425835Voting Requirements for General Courtadult, male, church members (later property owners)
520425836Thomas HookerPuritan minister who left Massachusetts and founded Connecticut
520425837Fundamental Orders of ConnecticutFirst written constitution in America
520425838Roger WilliamsPuritan minister who believed in religious tolerance, and that is was wrong to take land away from Native Americans. Founded Rhode Island.
520425839Anne HutchinsonPuritan who believed God could speak to people directly. Was kicked out of Massachusetts and went to Rhode Island
520425840New Hampshirecolony founded by John Wheelwright and other Puritans also for religious freedom
520425841Rhode Island and Providence Plantationsfirst place in America where people of all faiths, including Jews, could worship freely.
520425842King Philip's Wartook place in New England between colonists and Wampanoag's led by Metacomet (King Philip). It destroyed Native American power in New England.
520425843New AmsterdamDutch colony on Manhattan Island. Today known as New York City
520425844New NetherlandsDutch colony along the Hudson River
520425845PatroonLandowner in the Dutch colonies who ruled like a king over large areas of land.
520425846Peter StuyvesantDutch governor of New Netherlands
520425847New Yorkrenamed in 1664 after the English took it over, and the king gave it to his brother.
520425848New Jerseyuse to be the southern part of New York. The Duke of York gave it to proprietors named John Berkeley and George Cataret
520425849William PennQuaker leader who was given a large tract of land by the king to repay an old debt.
520425850Quakers"Society of Friends." Group of Protestant dissenters that believed everybody had an inner light, each person could experience religious truth directly, so church was unnecessary. Tolerant of others beliefs.
520425851Philadelphia"City of Brotherly Love." Quaker city in Pennsylvania
520425852Delaware3 lower counties of Pennsylvania that separated in 1704.
520425853Pacifistspeople who refuse to use force or fight
520425854Indentured Servantslaborers who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America
520425855MarylandEstablished by Cecil Calvert to start a safe place for his fellow Catholics to settle
520425856Act of Tolerationlaw passed in Maryland that granted Protestants and Catholics the right to worship freely.
520425857Georgiacreated as a colony for English debtors, and as a buffer zone against Spanish Florida
520425858James Oglethorpefounded the colony of Georgia
520425859New England Colonieshad smaller farms due to long winters and thin, rocky soil
520425860New England Coloniesship building and fishing were important industries
520425861Middle ColoniesNew York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
520425862Middle Coloniesbreadbasket colonies
520425863Middle Colonieswere the most ethnically diverse colonies with a large German population
520425864Southern ColoniesMaryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
520425865Southern Coloniesfarmed tobacco and rice
520425866Southern Colonieswarmer climate colonies with large plantations

legislative branch facts/details Flashcards

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5216264How old do you have to be to be in the House of Representatives?25
5216265You must be a citizen for ___ years to be in the House of Reps.7
5216266How many members are in the House of Reps?435
5216267How many votes are each state guaranteed in the house of reps?1
5216268How many terms are there for the House of Reps?2
5216269Can you be elected year after year to be in the House of Reps?yes
5216270Elections are every ____ years for the House or Reps.2
5216271The membership in the House of Reps is based on __________population
5216272How old do you have to be to be in the Senate?30
5216273You have to be a citizen for ____ years to be in the Senate9
5216274Every state gets ____ Senators2
5216275The Senate terms are _____ years long6
5216276Can you be elected year after year in the Senate?yes
5216277Elections for the Senate are every _____ years2
5216278How much of the Senate is elected every two years?one-third
5216279Congress must meet at least ____________ w/ more than half of the members presentonce a year
5216280Congress has the power to tax- to pay debts, pay for services used by people, and ______defend the country
5216281Congress has the power to regulate trade- ______________ Clausecommerce
5216282Congress can pass laws that grant_________ & _________copyrights and patents
5216283Congress can declare war- _____________________ ActWar Powers
5216284Congress can create and support an army- ___________ ended in 1973Draft
5216285Congress cannot suspend habeas corpus unless- _______ safety or rebellion requires itpublic
5216286Congress cannot accept a ________, _________, or ________ from foreign countries- bribesgift, title, or job

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