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WWI Trench Warfare Flashcards

Vocabulary about Trench Warfare during World War One

570577825	"All Safe"	a signal, given by siren, to announce that it is now safe to remove gas mask after a gas attack.
570577826	Artillery	weapon used to fire very large projectiles. (Howitzers, guns and mortars) They are also called cannons.
570577827	Bayonet	steel blade, shaped like a short sword. It is fixed (put) to the end of a rifle and used for hand-to-hand combat.
570577828	Billet	a place that is designated for soldiers to receive food and shelter.
570577829	Bully beef	from the French word boulli, meaning boiled. Meat that is pickled or canned, usually corned beef.
570577830	Communication wire	type of wire used for establishing telephone connections between posts.
570577831	Company	a unit of soldiers, normally consisting of 100 men.
570577832	Cocked	to "cock" a rifle means to draw back the hammer to prepare it for firing.
570577833	Decoration	a badge of honour; a medal awarded for bravery.
570577834	Duck-boards	floor sections made of wooden slats which can be laid on wet, muddy or cold surfaces.
570577835	Dugout	shelter dug on the side of a trench, in the ground, used as living quarters, for storage of supplies or for protection.
570577836	Firesteps	narrow ledge, located inside a trench, that allows soldiers to see over the parapet.
570577837	Fritz	nickname used by Allied soldiers to describe Germans.
570577838	Gas mask	cloth and/or rubber mask connected to an air filter and used to protect the face and lungs from poison gases.
570577839	HQ	short form for "Headquarters"; a place from which military commanders perform their duties.
570577840	Home leave	permission given to soldiers to go home for an extended period of time.
570577841	Jerry	nickname used by Allied soldiers to describe Germans.
570577842	Kaiser	German word meaning "emperor". During the First World War, the Kaiser of Germany was Wilhelm II.
570577843	Lice	plural form of "louse"; a small, flat, wingless insect that lives off the blood of its host.
570577844	Lip	as in "crater's lip"; the edge of a large hole.
570577845	Lollygagging	to waste time.
570577846	Mortar	a type of cannon used to fire projectiles at high angles.
570577847	No Man's Land	the narrow, muddy, treeless stretch of land that separated the German and Allied trenches during WWI. There were very large holes in the ground from shelling. It was very dangerous for a soldier in No Man's Land because they were out in the open (no place to hide).
570577848	Parapet	the inner wall of a trench, made of earth and wood and topped with sandbags, to protect soldiers.
570577849	Platoon	a unit of soldiers, normally consisting of 50 men.
570577850	Poison gas	type of gas which gives off a poisonous vapour, designed to kill, injure or disable a soldier by inhalation or contact.
570577851	Puttees	cloth strip made of wool and wrapped around the leg, from ankle to knee, to prevent trousers from being torn or getting dirty.
570577852	Sap	a tunnel within a trench, dug to a point beneath the enemy's trenches.
570577853	Sector	a portion or division of a large military area.
570577854	Shell	an artillery projectile containing an explosive bursting charge.
570577855	Sniper	a soldier, armed with a rifle and usually well hidden, who shoots at exposed individuals of an enemy's forces.
570577856	"Stand Down"	permission given to soldiers to leave their defensive positions when an attack by the enemy is over or not going to happen.
570577857	Stick grenade	German hand grenade; small, metal container, attached to a stick, which explodes after it is thrown.
570577858	Tommy	nickname used by German soldiers to describe British, Irish, ANZAC and Canadian soldiers.
570577859	Trench	a long, deep and narrow hole in the ground, with the earth thrown up in front, dug to protect soldiers from bullets and other projectiles.
570577860	Webbing	soldier's back-pack, made of heavy canvas. It has a lot of pockets for ammunition, water bottle, bayonet, food, clothing and personal belongings.
570577861	Western Front	the area of military operations during the First World War which ran from Belgium, through northern France, and to the Swiss border.
570577862	Work detail	a specific task assigned to a soldier or group, usually physical labour (digging trenches, burying the dead, clearing land)..

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WWI Trench Warfare Flashcards

Vocabulary about Trench Warfare during World War One

Terms : Hide Images

7152165	"All Safe"	a signal, given by siren, to announce that it is now safe to remove gas mask after a gas attack.
7152166	Artillery	weapon used to fire very large projectiles. (Howitzers, guns and mortars) They are also called cannons.
7152167	Bayonet	steel blade, shaped like a short sword. It is fixed (put) to the end of a rifle and used for hand-to-hand combat.
7152168	Billet	a place that is designated for soldiers to receive food and shelter.
7152169	Bully beef	from the French word boulli, meaning boiled. Meat that is pickled or canned, usually corned beef.
7152170	Communication wire	type of wire used for establishing telephone connections between posts.
7152171	Company	a unit of soldiers, normally consisting of 100 men.
7152172	Cocked	to "cock" a rifle means to draw back the hammer to prepare it for firing.
7152173	Decoration	a badge of honour; a medal awarded for bravery.
7152174	Duck-boards	floor sections made of wooden slats which can be laid on wet, muddy or cold surfaces.
7152175	Dugout	shelter dug on the side of a trench, in the ground, used as living quarters, for storage of supplies or for protection.
7152176	Firesteps	narrow ledge, located inside a trench, that allows soldiers to see over the parapet.
7152177	Fritz	nickname used by Allied soldiers to describe Germans.
7152178	Gas mask	cloth and/or rubber mask connected to an air filter and used to protect the face and lungs from poison gases.
7152179	HQ	short form for "Headquarters"; a place from which military commanders perform their duties.
7152180	Home leave	permission given to soldiers to go home for an extended period of time.
7152181	Jerry	nickname used by Allied soldiers to describe Germans.
7152182	Kaiser	German word meaning "emperor". During the First World War, the Kaiser of Germany was Wilhelm II.
7152183	Lice	plural form of "louse"; a small, flat, wingless insect that lives off the blood of its host.
7152184	Lip	as in "crater's lip"; the edge of a large hole.
7152185	Lollygagging	to waste time.
7152186	Mortar	a type of cannon used to fire projectiles at high angles.
7152187	No Man's Land	the narrow, muddy, treeless stretch of land that separated the German and Allied trenches during WWI. There were very large holes in the ground from shelling. It was very dangerous for a soldier in No Man's Land because they were out in the open (no place to hide).
7152188	Parapet	the inner wall of a trench, made of earth and wood and topped with sandbags, to protect soldiers.
7152189	Platoon	a unit of soldiers, normally consisting of 50 men.
7152190	Poison gas	type of gas which gives off a poisonous vapour, designed to kill, injure or disable a soldier by inhalation or contact.
7152191	Puttees	cloth strip made of wool and wrapped around the leg, from ankle to knee, to prevent trousers from being torn or getting dirty.
7152192	Sap	a tunnel within a trench, dug to a point beneath the enemy's trenches.
7152193	Sector	a portion or division of a large military area.
7152194	Shell	an artillery projectile containing an explosive bursting charge.
7152195	Sniper	a soldier, armed with a rifle and usually well hidden, who shoots at exposed individuals of an enemy's forces.
7152196	"Stand Down"	permission given to soldiers to leave their defensive positions when an attack by the enemy is over or not going to happen.
7152197	Stick grenade	German hand grenade; small, metal container, attached to a stick, which explodes after it is thrown.
7152198	Tommy	nickname used by German soldiers to describe British, Irish, ANZAC and Canadian soldiers.
7152199	Trench	a long, deep and narrow hole in the ground, with the earth thrown up in front, dug to protect soldiers from bullets and other projectiles.
7152200	Webbing	soldier's back-pack, made of heavy canvas. It has a lot of pockets for ammunition, water bottle, bayonet, food, clothing and personal belongings.
7152201	Western Front	the area of military operations during the First World War which ran from Belgium, through northern France, and to the Swiss border.
7152202	Work detail	a specific task assigned to a soldier or group, usually physical labour (digging trenches, burying the dead, clearing land)..

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Market Failure Flashcards

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575034743	Market Failure	A situation in which the market does not allocate resources to their highest valued use (absence of allocative efficiency)
575034744	First and Second Parties	Buyer and Seller
575034745	Private Costs	Cost that are born soley by the individuals involved in the transaction.
575034746	Third Party	People who are not directly involved in a given economic transaction. Third parties are affected when there are externalities.
575034747	Social Cost	The Total cost of a transaction, the private cost plus the external costs
575034748	Social Benefits	The total social benefits derived from consuming a good, including the benefits to those who to NOT purchase the good
575034749	Socially Optimal Equilibrum	Where the social cost of the last unit produced = social benefit. This produces allocative efficiency.
575034750	Market Equilibrium	Where supply = to demand. No shortages and no surplus
575034751	Dead Weight Loss	The loss of consumer and or producer surplus that comes with an inefficient economic outcome.
575034752	Positive Externality	When consumption of a good positively effects a third party.
575034753	Merit Good	A good that has been deemed socially desirable throught the political process. (IB Use: Good that has positive externalities)
575034754	Negative Externality	When consumption of a good negatively effects a third party
575034755	DeMerit Good	A good that has been deemed socially undesirable through the poltiical process. (IB Use: A good that has a negative externality)
575034756	Private Goods	A good that is consumed by only one individual at a time. These are subject to the principal of rival consumption and are excludable.
575034757	Public Goods	Goods for which consumption is non-rival and non-excludable.
575034758	Non rival	One persons consumption of a good does NOT reduce the amount of a good available to others. "Shared consumption"
575034759	Non-excludable	No one can be stopped from consuming a good once it has been provided to one person, even if other people have not paid for it.
575034760	Government Goods	Government goods—Goods provided by governments, which may be private or public goods. Note: Often these goods require large investments and do not show a profit for a very long time.
575034761	Time Horizons	The period of time until which a person is willing to wait for a reward. Markets often fail to provide goods which have long time horizons.
575034762	Limited Information	When both parties to a sale do not have equal access to full information about a product. When this is the case, the market price will not be socially optimal.
575034763	Free Rider	A consumer who enjoys the benefit of a good or servcie without paying for that good or service.
575034764	Sucker	A person who unilaterally providies (pays for) a public good.
575034765	Market Solution	Using markets to solve an economic problem, such as negative externalities. IN such a solution, the forces of supply and demand (the invisible hand) are still allowed to function. For example, the use of effluent fees or marketizing pollution rights.
575034766	Non-Market Solution	using non-market solutions, such as government rules which regulate or ban the use of goods with negative externalities, to solve an economic problem. Such solutions disregard the forces of supply and demand.
575034767	Effluent Fee/Pigouvian Tax	A charge to a polluter that gives the right to discharge into the air or water certain amounts of pollution. Also called a "pollution tax" or "Pigovian tax"
575034768	Property Rights	he right of an owner to use and exchange property
575034769	Government Failure	the public sector analogy to market failure that occurs when a government intervention causes a more inefficient allocation of goods and resources than would occur without that intervention.
575034770	Coase Theorm	The problem of negative externalities will solve itself if property rights are clearly defined and people are allowed to negotiate.
575034771	Privatization	Taking government assetts and selling them to privatre individuals or companies. A possible solution to government failure.

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CH 38 Eisenhower Test Flashcards

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344305844	booming economy	The post-WWII economy was a ______. 25% of all homes in 1960 were less than a decade old. 83% of the new homes were in the suburbs.
344305845	electronics	The field of _____ hit a milestone with the inventions of the transistor & Computer. gave rise to high-tech companies like IBM. The "information age" was beginning.
344305846	A social milestone in 1956	when "white-collar" workers outnumbered "blue-collar" workers. That is to say there were more tie-wearing professionals than workers who get their hands dirty. This was bad news for labor unions but good news for women who found jobs as clerks and in offices.
344305847	Betty Friedan	started the modern feminist movement with her book The Feminine Mystique (1963)
344305848	Sex appeal in pop culture	Elvis "the Pelvis" Presley's dance moves were dubbed inappropriate by the older generation, and Marilyn Monroe was featured on the cover of the new magazine Playboy and was called the "Sex Goddess for the Nuclear Age."
344305849	John Kenneth Galbraith	a Harvard economist who wrote The Affluent Society. The book saw a problem between a generally rich and affluent society despite public problems such as polluted air and garbage.
344363244	Adlai Stevenson	the Democrats nominee for the 1952 election; down-home Illinois governor.
344363245	Dwight D. Eisenhower	clear favorite and republican candidate for the 1952 election. Running mate was Richard Nixon. he was a war hero, grandfatherly, had a big smile, and he attacked Stevenson as soft on communism.
344363246	Richard Nixon	Dwight D. Eisenhower's Running mate, was accused of having used a secret "slush fund" as a senator
344363247	Checkers speech	speech where Nixon went on TV (a new medium at the time) and gave a famous speech about his family dog, Checkers, which saved his job
344363248	Eisenhower as president	promised to personally go to Korea and settle the issue.did fly to Korea, but failed at ending the conflict. Seven months later, he korea w/ threatened nuclear bombs, an armistice was signed. handled the military well. He seemed above petty political splits. On the down side, he could've used his popularity to propel the infant civil rights movement (he largely ignored it).
344363249	Joseph McCarthy	claimed that Sec. of State Dean Acheson had knowingly hired 205 communists. his claims got wilder and out of hand. He accused Gen. George Marshall as being in some kind of communist conspiracy. Disliked by Ike
344363250	Jim Crow laws	Limited rights of blacks. Literacy tests, grandfather clauses and poll taxes limited black voting rights
344363251	Racism in the south	There was intimidation, threats of job loss, beatings and lynchings of blacks. These crimes often were unpunished. The rest of the world saw this American embarrassment.
344363252	Gunnar Myrdal	he wrote An American Dilemma. In his book, he pointed out the hypocrisy of "The American Creed" (liberty, equality, etc.) when placed against the reality of racism in America.
344363253	Sweatt v. Painter (1950)	NAACP wins, the Supreme Court ruled that black professional schools were not equal to white.
344363254	Harry Truman	integrated the military into the fight against racism in 1948
344363255	Deliberate speed	was slow in the South as local school districts simply didn't want to integrate.
344363256	Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS	overturned plessy v ferguson
344363257	sit-in" movement	Black students protested segregated lunch counters by sitting at white-only counters. They wouldn't get served, but their sitting down shut down the counters until the policy was changed.
344363258	Operation Wetback	started by ike due to the mexican govt.'s desire to stop illegal immigration, it would round up and return illegal Mexican immigrants.
344363259	policies from the new deal kept by ike	Social Security, unemployment benefits
344363260	Interstate Highway Act	1956 Eisenhower 20 yr plan to build 41,000 mi of highway, largest public works project in history
344363261	John Foster Dulles	wanted to go beyond the policy of containment. He wanted to "rollback" communism, to liberate countries that had been taken over. He proposed cutting back on military spending, but focusing on building nuclear weapon-carrying bombers in a "Strategic Air Command."
344363262	Nikita Khrushchev	Russian premier after Stalin. Led de-Stalinization of Russia. A reformer who argued for major innovations.
344363263	Ho Chi Minh	tried to appeal to Woodrow Wilson for self-determination, way back in 1919. He felt FDR may be sympathetic to Vietnam's cause. However, Vietnam started going more and more communist, and the U.S. started backing away.
344363264	Warsaw Pact	An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO
344363265	Hungry	country which marked the continuation of cold war, USSR invades, They claims to be against communism, US does not intervene in order to keep good relations with Nikita Khrushchev
344363266	Britain and France	attacked Egypt (Oct. 1956) without America's knowledge.
344363267	Eisenhower Doctrine	It promised U.S. help to the Middle East if threatened by communism. (In the Middle East, communism wasn't the real threat to the U.S., nationalism and the power of oil was)
344363268	election of 1956	The election of 1956 was a repeat of '52: Eisenhower vs. Adlai Stevenson. The Democrats attacked Ike's health and said he was a part-time president—doing more golfing than governing. Times were good and Ike was popular, he won big again, 457 to 73.
344363269	labor unions	had been getting ugly with things like gangsterism, fraud, bullying.
344363270	Landrum-Griffin Act	passed (1959) to watch labor unions' bookkeeping and other sleazy monkey-business.
344363271	Sputnik I	the first space satelite, launched by Soviet Union; the logic went: if the Soviets can put a dog in space, then they can deliver a nuclear weapon to the U.S. using ICBMs (intercontinental ballistic missiles).
344363272	Rocket fever started	ke set up the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and channeled money, By 1960, several U.S. satellites were up and ICBMs were tested, Schools also changed After Sputnik, emphasis was taken from the humanities (art, drama, dance, etc.) and placed on the sciences and math.
344363273	Fidel Castro	In Cuba 1959, he overthrew Fulgencio Batista whom America supported. he began to nationalize Cuban lands, many were owned by Americans. his plan was to take from large landowners then distribute the land to the people. His tactics, however, were bloody and merciless.
344363274	The 1960 election	The Republicans nominated Richard Nixon (V.P. candidate Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.) and the Democrats nominated John F. Kennedy (V.P. candidate Lyndon B. Johnson). Kennedy was Catholic, supposedly a drawback in an election. But, his faith might've gained as many votes as it lost. The 1960 TV debates were important. Kennedy was young, handsome, articulate, and spoke into the camera (to the viewers). Nixon came off as sweaty, shifty, and unshaven. As V.P. for 8 years, Nixon was likely the front-runner. But, the TV debates helped draw the race to dead even and again showed the power of TV. Kennedy won the very close election
344363275	Twenty-second Amendment	limited a president to two terms.
344363276	The Life of the Mind in Postwar America	Marvelous literature came at this time. Ernest Hemingway wrote The Old Man and the Sea (1952) and won the Nobel Prize for literature. He killed himself in 1961. John Steinbeck won the Prize too. He wrote East of Eden (1952) and Travels with Charley.
344363277	Eisenhower domestic policy	he was a moderate conservative, ike attempted to reduce the size of the federal government, but he did add the cabinet post of sec of health education and welfare
344363278	14th amendment	This amendment declared that all persons born or naturalized in the United States were entitled equal rights regardless of their race, and that their rights were protected at both the state and national levels.
344364315	Little Rock Central High School	the site of forced school desegregation. had to be integrated by force through Pres. Eisenhower

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the eisenhower era Flashcards

the eisenhower era

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715587837	Massive Retaliation	~Part of John Foster Dulles Rollback idea to rollback communism ~The threat that any nuclear action would result in massive response
715587838	John Foster Dulles	~Went beyond policy of containment and rolled back communism ~Proposed cutting back on military spending but focusing on building nuclear weapon carrying bombers ~Massive retaliation ~Deterrence- convincing an army to not attack ~Policy increased stakes of Cold War
715587839	Nikita Khrushchev	~Stalins successor ~Supported peaceful existence in the west
715587840	Ho Chi Minh	~Vietnamese leader ~Tried to appeal Woodrow Wilson for self determination in 1919 ~Thought FDR would be sympathetic towards Vietnam ~Started getting more and more communist
715587841	Warsaw Pact	~Formed by Russia to balance NATO ~Military alliance for the defense of the communistic states of Easter Europe
715587842	Eisenhower Doctrine	~Promised the U.S to help middle east if they were threatened by communism ~However, communism wasnt the real threat, nationalism and power of oil was
715587843	John Kenneth Galbraith	~Harvard economist ~Wrote the Affluent Society ~Saw a problem between the rich and affluent society despite public problems such as polluted air and garbage
715587844	David Riesman, The Lonely Crowd	~Showed conformity in the Eisenhower era
715587845	OPEC	~Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, and Iran linked with Venezuela to form Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ~Major headache for AmericaSNCC
715587846	SNCC	~Student Non voilent Coordinating Committee ~Organized efforts for black students ~Part of civil rights movement
715587847	Sit in Movements	~Black students protested segregated lunch counters by sitting at white only counters ~They wouldnt get served, but it shut down counters until the policy was changed ~Part of civil rights movement
715587848	SCLC	~Southern Christian Leadership Conference ~Organized black churches ~Formed by Martin Luther King Jr. ~Part of civil rights movement
715587849	Geneva Conference	~Split Vietnam in half at the 17th parallel ~North Vietnam went communist, South Vietnam was lead by Ngo Dinh Diem and was non communist ~Spirit of this conference encouraged an ease in tensions
716216958	Modern Republicanism	~Started by Eisenhower and administration ~Liberal in fiscal and domestic affairs, conservative in global affairs ~Lower taxes, smaller government and more state power ~Eisenhower, Ford, and Reagan were 3 modern republicans
716216959	South East Asia Treaty	~Created to block communist gains in Southeast Asia ~Created by the Manila Pact ~Considered a failure because internal conflict and dispute hindered the use of the SEATO military ~Funded cultural and educational programs that left had lasting effects
716216960	Hungarian Revolt	~October 1956- uprising overthrew a government backed by Moscow ~Government was then liberal and wanted to pull Hungary out of Warsaw Pact ~Khrushchev sent in tanks to crush freedom and take over Hungary ~U.S was scared to enter in fear it would start another world war
716216961	Beatniks	~A group of rebellious writers ~Led by Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg ~Advocated spontaneity, use of drugs, and rebellion against social standards
716216962	Highway Act 1956	~authorized the construction of 42,000 miles of interstate highways linking all the nations major cities ~Became a model for the rest of the world
716216963	Suez Canal Crisis	~Egypt asked for funds to build the Aswan Dam on the Nile River ~U.S refused to agree, so they went to the Soviet Union for help ~Soviets provided a little money, but not enough so they seized and nationalized the British and French owned Suez Canal for more funds ~The loss of this canal threatened Western Europe's supply line to Middle Eastern Oil ~Britain, France, and Israel attacked Egypt and took canal again
716216964	Domino Theory	~If South Vietnam fell under communist control, one nation after another in Southeast Asia would fall, until Australia and New Zealand were in the danger
716216965	Brinkmanship	~Practice of pushing dangerous events the the verge of disaster to achieve the most advantageous outcome ~International policies, labor relations, nuclear weapons

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Eisenhower Era Flashcards

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683853990	Dwight Eisenhower	president in 1950s, served two terms, personified 1950s, war hero
683853991	Richard Nixon	young cali senator, VP, prosecuted Alger hiss case, had a scandal taking money from fundraisers and using them for personal reasons
683853992	Modern Republicanism	Eisenhowers domestic policy, combination of democratic and repub ideals
683853993	Ovelta Culp Hobby	first woman in Repub cabinet, led the department of Health, education, and welfare
683853994	soil bank program	reduces farm production and therefore reduces income
683853995	Highway act of 1956	interstate highways, ikes legacy, linked major cities, justification for new taxes, created jobs, still in place
683853996	John Foster Dulles	Sec. of State, changed containment to brinkmanship, wanted taiwan to challenge china, conservatives like him
683853997	Massive retalliation	brinkmanship, containment costs too much, when russians did this it was called nuclear blackmainl
683853998	Third World	asian and african colonies got independence from ww2, often went in to poverty because of weak economy and politics, made pawns in cold war
683853999	Iran	CIA overthrows Iran govt because the govt was trying to nationalize the american oil companies there. the Shah was put in charge and he traded low oil prices for arms
683854000	Covert Action	CIA helps overthrow govts that threaten US safety
683854001	Indo China	French lost this to jap...try to retake it. Vietnamese and cambodians dont want it, ppl support Ho Chi minh, became part of cold war
683854002	Geneva Conference	French agree to back of indochina, divide it into cambodia, laos, and vietname, vietnam divided on 17 parallel until general election (america doesnt like because of domino theory)
683854003	Ho Chi minh	commie nationalist leader of China....commie dictatorship in north vietnam, vietminh army
683854004	vietnam	divided, half commie half "democracy"...vietcong...south is under Diem but he is corrupt
683854005	domino theory	if south vietnam falls then all the other countries will fall endangering NZ and AUS
683854006	South East Asia Treaty Orgo 1954	protect vietnam from commies, defend each other, US, GB, France, AUS, NZ, Phillippenes, Thailand, Pakistan
683854007	Suez Canal Crisis 1956	Nassar wants to make a dam, nationalizes canal, GB France and Israel dont like this, send in israel to attack, ike and soviets are like whats wrong with yall, GB and France are never world powers again
683854008	Eisenhower Doctrine	US will help any mid east country threatened by communism
683854009	Organization of Petroleum exporting Countries	oil is becoming a major world issue, OPEC made to protect oil producing countries, sort of a holding company on global scale
683854010	Spirit of geneva	atoms for peace plan, soviets show signs of wanting to end cold war tensions
683854011	open skies crisis	Ike wants both countries to be allowed to take aerial pics of each other, Russians say no
683854012	Nikita Krushchev	Russian leader took over from stalin
683854013	peaceful coexistence	krushchev proposes that the countries can live together peacefully
683854014	HUngarian revolt	workers in east germany and poland demanded reform, oct 1956 overthrow moscow backed govt, replaced by liberals, krushchev sends tanks to stop revolt, ike doesnt want to get involved, acknowledge sphere of influence
683854015	warsaw pact	russian equivalent of NATo
683854016	sputnik	1957 first stattelite ever launched into space, US arent sure if they are the best. missile gap, intensified nuclear fears
683854017	NASA	created to compete with soviets, billions spent
683854018	u2 incident	russians shoot down american spy plane over russia, Krushchev calls of paris peace summit
683854019	Fidel Castro	commie leader of cuba, overthrew dictator fulgencio batista, marxist, nationalized Americon owned biz and property in cuba
683854020	Cuba	ike cuts of trade, commie nation 90 miles from US, CIA sends operatives
683854021	Military undustrial complex	ike warns against becoming an military imperial nation. arms race is getting crazy. roman path
683854022	civil rights	mainly concerning african americans
683854023	Jackie Robinson	first black baseball player in major leagues, broke color line in 1947 hired by dodgers
683854024	NAACP	to help clack people get more education, trying to repeal plessy v ferguson, late 40s made gains in higher education
683854025	Desegregation	NAACP wants to get rid of, truman got rid of this in govt and military
683854026	Brown v Board	topeka kansas, repealed plessy v ferguson, end school segregation
683854027	Earl Warren	chief justice, ruled on Brown v Board
683854028	Little Rock crisis	national gaurd was used to stop 9 african americans from entering high school ike sent troops to protect kids first prez to use troops for civil rights
683854029	Rosa Parks	sat on the front of bus, refused to move because she was tired, inspired protests and bus boycotts
683854030	Mondgomery bus boycott	montogmery was inspired by rosa parks, organized boycotts, got supreme court to rule that public bus segregation is unconstitutional
683854031	MLK jr	1957 Southern Christian Leadership Conference, minsters and churches for civil rights, nonviolence,
683854032	civil rights acts of 1957 and 1960	limited, made a permanent Civil Rights Commission, gave Justice Department new powers to protect voting rights of blacks
683854033	civil rights commission	gov agency to work on establishing civil rights laws
683854034	Southern Christian Leadership Conference	MLKs group...churches and ministers fighting for civil rights, sometimes got arrested on purpose for effect, nonviolent
683854035	nonviolent protest	peaceful protesting, sitins, boycotts
683854036	sit in movement	started by students who were refused service at woolworths lunch counter
683854037	Student Nonviolent Coordination committee	inspired by MLK, keep movement gonig and effective
683854038	corporate America	ray crock invented franchises, conglomerates took over small biz, dress codes, white collor over blue collar
683854039	consumer culture	suburbs, television, ads, middle class, american dream, buy everything, cheap goods
683854040	David Riesman	The lonely Crowd, harvard sociologist, criticized replacement of individuals with conformists
683854041	john kenneth galbrath	the affluent society, economist, americans fail to recognize the need to increase social spending
683854042	Beatniks	Jack Kerouac- leader, wrote on the road.... Allen Ginsberg-leader wrote howl. spontaneity, drugs, rebellion, model of you revolt in 60s

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Ecology Vocab Flashcards

vocabulary for the Ecology unit

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795274827	Aquatic	Of or relating to water.
795274828	Boundary	A line that marks the limits of an area; a dividing line
795274829	Biodiversity	The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem
795274830	Biomass	The total quantity or weight of oorganisms in a given area or volume.
795274831	Conserve	Protect (something esp. an environmentally or cultrually important place or thing) from harm or destruction
795274832	Consumer	A person or thing that eats or uses something.
795274833	Closed System	matter may not cross the boundary
795274834	Decomposer	An organism esp. a soil bacterium, fngus, or invertebrate, that decomposes organic material
795274835	Endangered	a species seriously at risk of extinction
795274836	Estuary	The tidal mouth of a river, where the tide meets the stream.
795274837	Field study	a piece of research undertake outside the laboratory or place of learning, ussually in a natural environment or among the general public
795274838	Finite	having an end or limit
795274839	Food web	A diagram that represents all the movement of energy between the living organisms of an environment
795274840	Fungus	a single-celled or multicellular organism without chlorophyll that reproduces by spores and lives by absorbing nutrients form organic matter.
795274841	Microorganism	a microscopic organism
795274842	Habitat	The natural conditions and environment were a plant/animal lives
795274843	Host	An organism infected by a parasite
795274844	Impact	The force of collision
795274845	Invasive	Growing aggressively in an area preventing growth of surrounding plants
795274846	Mammals	Class of warn-blooded vertebrate animals
795274847	Mineral	Inorganic substance in nature
795274848	Native	Born or origination somewhere
795274849	Niche	The role of an organism within its natural environment
795274850	Non-native	Not origination in that place
795274851	Nutrient	A substance that provide nourishment
795274852	Offspring	The descendant of the next generation
795274853	Prey	Animals hunted by other animals
795274854	Parasite	Organism living on another
795274855	Population density	Measurement of population per unit or volume
795274856	Population	is a group of individuals of the same species that live in a particular area and interbreed
795274857	Predator	Carnivorous animals or destructive organism
795274858	Resource	A naturally occurring material
795274859	Succession	A sequence of people or thing after the other in time
795274860	Sustainability	Maintaining ecological balance
795274861	Require	To have something as a necessary precondition

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Histology 1: Introduction to Cells and Tissues Flashcards

General histological organisation of cells and tissues found in the body.
(Suzanne Ollerenshaw)

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312785195	histology	The study of the body's tissues and how they are arranged
312785197	pathology	The study of abnormal or diseased tissue
312785199	dark blue	In an H&E stain, the cell nucleus appears this colour
312785200	pink	In an H&E stain, the cell cytoplasm appears this colour
312785202	haematoxylin	In a H&E stain, the cell nucleus is blue because it is stained with this substance
312785204	eosin	In a H&E stain, the cell cytoplasm is pink because it is stained with this substance
312785206	tissue	An orderly arrangement and distinctive pattern of cells which together perform a function
312785208	epithelial, connective	Of the four basic tissue types, name two that are described by their morphology
312785210	muscular, nervous	Of the four basic tissue types, name two that are described by their function
312785212	free surface	Epithelium is always on a...
312785214	barrier	The main function of epithelial tissue is to act as a...
312785216	support	The main function of connective tissue is to act as...
312785218	fibroblast	The main cell type of true connective tissue
312785220	simple	Epithelial tissue with only one cell layer is described as...
312785222	stratified	Epithelial tissue with multiple cell layers is described as...
312785224	columnar	Epithelial tissue with tall, thin cells is described as...
312785226	cuboidal	Epithelial tissue with cube-like cells is described as...
312785228	squamous	Epithelial tissue with flattened cells is described as...
312785230	loose	Connective tissue with a smaller number of fibres is described as...
312785232	dense	Connective tissue with a greater number of fibres is described as...
312785233	regular	Connective tissue with the fibres arranged in a pattern is described as...
312785234	irregular	Connective tissue with no apparent pattern of fibres is described as...
312785236	muscle fibre	A muscle cell
312785237	bundles	Muscle fibres are arranged in...
312785240	smooth	Muscle tissue involved in slow, involuntary contraction, as in peristalsis
312785242	striated	Muscle tissue in which faint bands can be seen
312785244	skeletal	Muscle tissue involved in voluntary movement
312785246	cardiac	Muscle tissue involved in the contraction of the heart
312785248	neuron	A nerve cell
312785250	soma	The main body of a neuron
312785252	dendrite	A long neuronal process that receives inputs
312785254	axon	A long neuronal process that outputs a signal
312785256	peripheral	Once neural tissue leaves the spinal cord, it is described as...
312785258	central	Neural tissue of the spinal cord and brain is described as...
312785260	nerves	Axons in the peripheral nervous system
312785262	ganglia	Nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system reside here
312785265	white matter	Axons in the central nervous system
312785266	grey matter	Nerve cell bodies in the central nervous system
312785268	plasma membrane	A trilaminar structure that surrounds the cell
312785270	9nm	The thickness of the plasma membrane
312785273	cytoskeleton	The internal framework of filaments and tubules within the cell
312785275	microtubules	Part of the cytoskeleton, made of tubulin
312785277	tubulin	The protein that makes up microtubules
312785279	cilia	Microtubules are involved in the movement of these cellular appendages
312785281	microvilli	Microfilaments are involved in the movement of these cellular appendages
312785283	actin	The protein that makes up microfilaments
312785285	microfilaments	Part of the cytoskeleton, made of actin
312798115	rough endoplasmic reticulum	The function of this organelle is protein synthesis
312798116	ribosomes	The rough ER has these embedded in its plasma membrane
312798117	cisternae	The spaces in the rough ER within its plasma membrane
312798118	smooth endoplasmic reticulum	One of the functions of this organelle is steroid synthesis
312798119	glycogen	This molecule is always associated with the smooth ER
312798120	Golgi apparatus	The function of this organelle is protein sorting and packaging
312798121	lysosome	The function of this organelle is digestion of unwanted molecules
312798122	mitochondria	The function of this organelle is energy generation
312798123	cristae	The inner membrane of the mitochondria forms these
312798124	pale	A cell that is very active in protein synthesis has a ___ nucleus
312798125	heterochromatin	Within the nucleus, ____ appears dark in colour
312798126	euchromatin	Within the nucleus, ____ appears light in colour
312798127	condensed	Heterochromatin appears dark because it is...
312798128	extended	Euchromatin appears light because it is...
312798129	nucleolus	A structure within the nucleus that is involved with ribosome formation
312798130	necrosis	A process of cell death that involves lysis and inflammation
312798131	apoptosis	A process of cell death that involves cell volume loss
312798132	apoptotic bodies	These are formed by apoptosis

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Magnetism Flashcards

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793288509	Magnet	Can create magnetic effects by himself.
793288510	Magnetic Poles	North and South
793288511	North and South ________	Attract
793288512	South and South _______	Repel
793288513	North and North_______	Repel
793288514	Magnetic Field	Has a quantity in all points in space.
793288515	Source Magnet	Magnet that creates a field.
793288516	Magnetic Field Lines	-Point in the direction of the force on an imaginary north pole test magnet. -Always point away from north pole and towards south pole.
793288517	Electromagnets	Magnets created by electric flow in wires.
793288518	Right Hand Rule	Way to find magnetic poles.
793288519	Each electron in an atom behaves like a _______	small loop of current forming it's own miniature electromagnet.
793288520	Diamagnetic	Magnetic fields in the electrons cancel each other out. ex. Lead and Diamonds
793288521	Parametic	Electrons don't cancel each other out completely, so even (ex) aluminum can have north and south poles.
793288522	Solenoid	Name of a coil of wire you can run electricity through.
793288523	True/False: All metals are magnetic.	False
793288524	Give two ways you can increase the power of an electromagnet.	-More Batteries -Add an Iron Core -More Coils (ask)
793288525	What is the only thing you need to create an electromagnet?	Wire
793288526	Earth is what kind of magnet?	Bar
793288527	The North magnetic pole is near the geographic _____ pole.	South
793288528	The south magnetic pole is near the geographic _______ pole.	North
793288529	Magnetic Declination	Magnetic Poles move a little every year.
793288530	The needle in a compass actually points ______.	to the south magnetic pole, but is painted red and called north.
793288531	True/False: The more north you get, the more accurate your compass gets.	False
793288532	The "Magnetic Ridge" is between what two countries?	USA and UK
793288533	The newest samples of molten rock from the Magnetic Ridge is found where?	Closest to the magnetic ridge.
793288534	Earths Magnetic Field gets weaker by ______ each year.	7%
793288535	What power sources use Electromagnetic Induction?	Hydroelectric, Wind....
793288536	Electromagnetic Induction	You can cause electrons to move through the wire by pushing a bar magnet in and out of the coil, which forces the electric current through the wire.
793288537	Alternating Current (AC Current)	Alternates 60 times per second because the turbine spins 60 times per second.

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Stress Flashcards

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113214273	Stress	A psychological and physical response of the body whenever we must adapt to changing conditions wheather they are real or not, positive or negative.
113214274	General Adaptation Syndrome	Is normal for the body to have stress. 3 Stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustation.
113214275	Psychophysiological Illnesses	The brain creates illnesses. Includes any stress related to physical illnesses.
113214276	Problem-Focused Coping	Attent to deal with stress that is causing anxiety as a way to bring relief.
113214277	Emotion-Focused Coping	Skills to bring us up when we are in a bad mood. Ex. Positive Self talk.
113221195	Effects of Exercise On Mood	Physical activity goes with mood. It works together. It can releave stress when you exercise.
113221196	Daily Hassles	Happens everyday to people that experience as harmful, threatening , or annoying.
113221197	Coronary Heart Disease	Leading cause of death in USA. Narrowing of the blood vessels that nourish the heart muscle and prevents blood to function well.
113221198	Biofeedback	Behavior modification. The person realizes that they are stress with the feedback they get from the body
113221199	Effects of Spirituality	It relaxed when praying and that can help with stress.