APUSH Ap Exam Flashcards
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| 777519439 | Tariff of 1789 | Raised revenue for government by tariff on imported foreign goods, and encouraged domestic production. | |
| 777519440 | Hamilton's Financial Plan | 1) National Bank (stable paper currency) 2) Funding National Debt at par (to pay in full, through sale of bonds) 3) Assumption of State Debt (federal government would assume debt and it would be payed off in security bonds) 4) High Tariffs (see Tariff of 1789) | |
| 777519441 | French Revolution (1793) | U.s. inspired democratic revolution. Federalists against the violence of the "Reign of Terror" and Jeffersonians were for it. | |
| 777519442 | Proclamation of Neutrality 1793 | We would not partake in the French Revolution. Citizen Genet tested our neutrality when he came to U.S. and tried to recruit Americans to fight. | |
| 777519443 | Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) | led by general Anthony Wayne, ended the Northwest Indian war; resulted in the treaty of greenville in which the chiefs surrendered claims to the ohio territory. | |
| 777519444 | Jay's Treaty (1795) | Was made up by John Jay. It said that Britain was to pay for Americans ships that were seized in 1793. It said that Americans had to pay British merchants debts owed from before the revolution and Britain had agreed to remove their troops from the Ohio Valley. | |
| 777519445 | Pinckney's treaty (1795) | The treaty between America and Spain in 1795 which granted America practically all they demanded, including navigation of the Mississippian, the territory north of Florida, and the New Orleans port. Was a direct result of Jay's Treaty due to France's fear of an Anglo-American alliance. | |
| 777519446 | Farewell Address (1796) | No permanent alliances or political parties. | |
| 777519447 | First Bank of the US | (GW) 1791-1811, by Hamilton, came about strict vs loose construction. | |
| 777519448 | Strict Construction vs. Loose Construction | theory embraced by Jefferson; believed that the Constitution should be interpreted literally. Hamilton said it could be interpreted loosely. | |
| 777519449 | XYZ Affair (1795) | incident in which French agents demanded a bribe and loan from the U.S. diplomats in exchange for discussing an agreement that French privateers would no longer attack American ships; led to an undeclared war between U.S. and France | |
| 777519450 | Naval War with France | Late 1790s - Beginning in 1794, the French had began seizing American vessels in retaliation for Jay's Treaty, so Congress responded by ordering the navy to attack any French ships on the American coast. The conflict became especially violent after the X,Y, Z Affair. A peace convention in 1800 with the newly installed dictator, Napoleon, ended the conflict. | |
| 777519451 | Alien and Sedition acts (1798) | Contains four parts: 1. Raised the residence requirement for American citizenship from 5 to 14 years. 2. Alien Act-gave the President the power in peacetime to order any alien out of the country. 3. Alien Enemies Act-permitted the President in wartime to jail aliens when he wanted to.-No arrests made under the Alien Act or the Alien Enemies Act. 4. The Sedition Act-key clause provided fines and jail penalties for anyone guilty of sedition. Was to remain in effect until the next Presidential inauguration. The Sedition Act's purpose was to silence Republican opposition to Adam's administration. Many people were fined and jailed under the Sedition Act. Jefferson and Madison believed the acts were violations of the First Amendment. Expired March 1801. | |
| 777519452 | Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1799) | in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. The resolutions argued that the states had the right and the duty to declare unconstitutional any acts of Congress that were not authorized by the Constitution. In doing so, they argued for states' rights and strict constructionism of the Constitution. Written by Jefferson and Madison. | |
| 777519453 | Barbary Pirates | Plundering pirates off the Mediterranean coast of Africa; President Thomas Jefferson's refusal to pay them tribute to protect American ships sparked an undeclared naval war with North African nations | |
| 777519454 | Marbury vs. Madison | Case in which the supreme court first asserted th power of Judicial review in finding that the congressional statue expanding the Court's original jurisdiction was unconstitutional | |
| 777519455 | Louisiana Purchase | The U.S., under Jefferson, bought the Louisiana territory from France, under the rule of Napoleon, in 1803. The U.S. paid $15 million for the Louisiana Purchase, and Napoleon gave up his empire in North America. The U.S. gained control of Mississippi trade route and doubled its size. | |
| 777519456 | 12th Amendment (1804) | This required separate and distinct ballots for presidential and vice presidential candidates This was brought about by the Jefferson/Burr tie and stated that presidential and vice-presidential nominees would run on the same party ticket. Before that time, all of the candidates ran against each other, with the winner becoming president and second-place becoming vice-president. | |
| 777519457 | Chesapeake and Leopard Affair | 1807 - The American ship Chesapeake refused to allow the British on the Leopard to board to look for deserters. In response, the Leopard fired on the Chesapeake. As a result of the incident, the U.S. expelled all British ships from its waters until Britain issued an apology. | |
| 777519458 | Embargo Act 1807 | Law that forbade American ships from sailing to foreign ports and closed American ports to British and French ships, until they respected our vessels | |
| 777519459 | Non-Intercourse Act (1809) | reopened trade with all nations except Britain and France | |
| 777519460 | Macon's Bill No. 2 (1810) | 1810 - Forbade trade with Britain and France, but offered to resume trade with whichever nation lifted its neutral trading restrictions first. France quickly changed its policies against neutral vessels, so the U.S. resumed trade with France, but not Britain. | |
| 777519461 | Berlin and Milan Decrees | issued by Napoleon stating that neutral ships trading with Britain or obeying the Orders in Council could be seized | |
| 777519462 | Orders in Council | edicts that closed European ports to foreign shipping unless they stopped first in a British port, led to war of 1812 | |
| 777519463 | "War Hawks" (1811-12) | Democratic-Republican Congressmen who pressed James Madison to declare war on Britain. War of 1812. | |
| 777519464 | Hartford Convention | gathering of New Englanders to protest the War of 1812 by threatening to secede from the union | |
| 777519465 | Battle of New Orleans | Jackson led a battle that occurred when British troops attacked U.S. soldiers in New Orleans on January 8, 1815; the War of 1812 had officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent in December, 1814, but word had not yet reached the U.S. | |
| 777519466 | First Protective Tariff | 1816 (JM) In 1816, Congress passed the nation's first protective tariff. It was designed to protect textile factories, because the British were dumping cloth in the United States at bargain prices in their attempt to regain markets they had lost during the War of 1812. | |
| 777519467 | Second Charter of the Bank | it was realized that without a national bank (the charter on the first bank was allowed to lapse) it would be impossible to fund another war such as the one just fought. | |
| 777519468 | Factions within republican party begin | ... | |
| 777519469 | Rush-Bagot Amendment | ... | |
| 777576807 | Panic of 1819 | Economic panic caused by extensive speculation and a decline of European demand for American goods along with mismanagement within the Second Bank of the United States. Often cited as the end of the Era of Good Feelings. | |
| 777576808 | The American System | The three-part plan developed by Henry Clay that stressed a strong banking system, protective tariffs, and a network of roads and canals. Clay's plan was essential in developing a profitable home market. This home market enabled America to become a self-sufficient, isolated country. | |
| 777576809 | Acquisition of Florida | Adams Onis Treaty- the U.S. paid Spain five million and gave up its claim to Texas, but got Florida. | |
| 777576810 | Missouri Compromise | The issue was that Missouri wanted to join the Union as a slave state, therefore unbalancing the Union so there would be more slave states then free states. The compromise set it up so that Maine joined as a free state and Missouri joined as a slave state. Congress also made a line across the southern border of Missouri saying except for the state of Missouri, all states north of that line must be free states or states without slavery. | |
| 777576811 | Monroe Doctrine | an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers | |
| 777576812 | Sectional Tariff | 1824--protective tariff in the US designed to protect American Industry in the face of cheaper British commodities | |
| 777576813 | Favorite Sons Election | Jackson, J.Q. Adams, Crawford, Clay, 1824- all of the candidates in the election were well known and popular, they were chosen as a result of state loyalty | |
| 777576814 | The Corrupted Bargain | Clay appointed Adam's secretary of State, Jackson charged as a "corrupt bargain" but there was no evidence of bargain between adams and clay. Adams presidency suffered from the beginning because of this election. He was compared to his father. (Johnson said there was no real evidence) | |
| 777576815 | Tariff of Abomination | 1828 tariff on manufactured goods, South's term for it because they had to pay inflated prices on manufactured goods while the cost of their cotton remained the same. | |
| 777576816 | Calhoun's Exposition and Protest | protest of Tariff of Abominations (1828) written by John C. Calhoun; stated that if tariff wasn't repealed, South Carolina would secede; stated doctrine of nullification (idea that state has right to reject a federal law) | |
| 777576817 | Jacksonian Democracy | political philosophy that puts its faith in the common people | |
| 777576818 | Spoils System | the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power | |
| 777576819 | Two-Party System | ... | |
| 777576820 | Raise of the "Third party" | ... | |
| 777576821 | Peggy Eaton Affair | Social scandal (1829-1831) - John Eaton, Secretary of War, stayed with the Timberlakes when in Washington, and there were rumors of his affair with Peggy Timberlake even before her husband died in 1828. Many cabinet members snubbed the socially unacceptable Mrs. Eaton. Jackson sided with the Eatons, and the affair helped to dissolve the cabinet - especially those members associated with John C. Calhoun (V.P.), who was against the Eatons and had other problems with Jackson. | |
| 777576822 | Indian Removal Act (1830) | Ordered the removal of Indian Tribes still residing east of the Mississippi to newly established Indian Territory west of Arkansas and Missouri. Tribes resisting eviction were forcibly removed by American forces, often after prolonged legal or military battles. | |
| 777576823 | Tariff of 1832 | a tariff imposed by Jackson which was unpopular in the South; South Carolina nullified it, but Jackson pushed through the Force Act, which enabled him to make South Carolina comply through force; Henry Clay reworked the tariff so that South Carolina would accept it, but after accepting it, South Carolina also nullified the Force Act | |
| 777576824 | Nullification Crisis | Southerners favored freedom of trade and believed in the authority of states over the federal government. Southerners declared federal protective tariffs null and void. | |
| 777576825 | Pet Banks | State banks where Andrew Jackson placed deposits removed from the federal National Bank. | |
| 777576826 | Specie Circular | Issued by Jackson - attempt to stop states from speculating land with money they printed that was not backed by anything - required land speculation in speci; Provided that in payment for public lands, the government would accept only gold or silver | |
| 777576827 | Texas War | Stephen Austin took people to settle into Texas, owned by Spain. Had to live by rules: become catholic, no slaves, etc. Santa Ana came to power to enforce rules, Texans rebelled in Texas War. | |
| 777576828 | Formation of the Whig Party | The party was formed in 1834 by members of the defunct National-Republican Party and others opposed to the policies of President Andrew Jackson. It was composed of many factions, united only in their opposition to the Democratic Party. Opposed the "Jacksonian tyranny," supported a more active national government, economic development, and humanitarian reform | |
| 777576829 | Panic of 1837 | As a result of Jackson's economic policies, the United States went through another depression It resulted in the closure of many banks and record unemployment levels. Over speculating in land, specie circular, unsound financing by state governments, failure of the wheat crops, British call in on foreign loans. | |
| 777576830 | Election of 1840 | Whigs united under William Henry Harrison, the one Whig candidate who had won national support 4 years earlier. Borrowing campaign tactics from the Democrats and inventing many of their own, Whigs campaigned hard in every state. The result was a Whig victory and a truly national two-party system. | |
| 777576831 | Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842) | 1842, a treaty between U.S. and Britain which settled the boundary disputes between the U.S. and Canada over the Great-Lakes region | |
| 777576832 | Vetoes Clay's Bill of 3rd Bank of the US | ... | |
| 777576833 | 49th Parallel | The Oregon Treaty of 1846 established an U.S./Canadian (British) border along this parallel. The boundary along the 49th parallel extended from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean.54'40 | |
| 777576834 | Annexation of Texas | After the battle at the Alamo, Texas gains its independence, only to be annexed by the US shortly after. Leading to a land grab for California. Tyler signed it into law. | |
| 781694612 | Manifest Destiny | the belief that the U.S. should extend all the way to the pacific ocean | |
| 781694613 | Independent Treasury | Martin Van Buren passed the "Divorce Bill" in 1840 which created this that took the government's funds out of the pet banks that Jackson created and put them in vaults in several of the largest cities. This way the funds would be safe from inflation. | |
| 781694614 | James Polk Presidency | (1845-1849) 4 Goals: 1. Lower tariff 2. Restore the independent treasury 3. and 4. acquisition of California and the settlement of the oregon dispute without violence. British presented Polk with the Oregon Country up to 49. The offer was approved and a reasonable compromise was reached without a shot fire. Goal: Achieve Manifest Destiny! | |
| 781694615 | Guadalupe-Hidalgo Treaty | (JP) 1848, US paid $15 million to Mexico, got New Mexico and California | |
| 781694616 | Wilmot Provis | Kept Slavery out of the newly acquired territories | |
| 781694617 | California Gold Rush | 1849 (San Francisco 49ers) Gold discovered in California attracted a rush of people all over the country to San Francisco. | |
| 781694618 | Compromise of 1850 | Includes California admitted as a free state, the Fugitive Slave Act, Made popular sovereignty in most other states from Mexican- American War. | |
| 781694619 | Uncle Tom's Cabin | Harriet Beecher Stowe | |
| 781694620 | Kansas-Nebraska Bill | (FP)1854, Stephen Douglas, Act in 1854 which created two new organized territories and allowed popular sovereignty to determine the status of slavery, victory for the South | |
| 781694621 | Japan opened to world trade | Happened un, 1853- America started trading with China in the 1840's after Britain had gained control of ports there (they didn't want the British taking over the nation), after being so successful with China, the US decided to open trade with Japan and the nation agreed, President Fillmore sent Matthew C. Perry to Japan in 1853, it was hard for him to enter the nation because the Japanese were wary of him, but once he was ashore he proposed a peaceful relationship with the nation and open trade, he left and returned in 1854 to sign the Treaty of Kanagawa which opened trade between the nations | |
| 781694622 | Free soil movement | opposed the expansion of slavery in new states (particularly out west) ; subcatagory of the Republican party who were also abolitionists ; popular during the late antebellum period ; Abe Lincoln was the most influential person of this political party | |
| 781694623 | Clayton-Bulwer Treaty | 1850 - Treaty between U.S. and Great Britain agreeing that neither country would try to obtain exclusive rights to a canal across the Isthmus of Panama. Abrogated by the U.S. in 1881. | |
| 781694624 | Gadsden Purchase | purchase of land from mexico in 1853 that established the present U.S.-mexico boundary | |
| 781694625 | Underground Railroad | abolitionists secret aid to escaping slaves | |
| 781694626 | Bleeding Kansas | A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent. | |
| 781694627 | Ostend Manifesto | Desire for Cuba. Spain offered us it for $100,000. | |
| 781694628 | Charles Sumner and Preston Brooks | Radical Republican, Charles Sumner makes a speech against slavery and insults Andrew Butler. He subsequently gets caned by Preston Brooks | |
| 781694629 | Dred Scott Decision | A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man. The U.S, Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen. | |
| 781694630 | Lecompton Constitution | proslavery constitution in Kansas, supported by Buchanan, freesoilers against it (victorious), denied statehood until after secession | |
| 781694631 | Lincoln-Douglas Debate | Lincoln said that slavery was a moral, a social and a political wrong. He did not suggest abolishing slavery where it already existed. He argued that only slavery should not be expanded. Lincoln thought that it was the national governments role to prevent the expansion of slavery. Douglas on the other hand thought that popular sovereignty was the best way to address the issue because it was the most democratic method to do. | |
| 781694632 | John Brown Raids Harpers Ferry | ... | |
| 781694633 | Civil War | ... | |
| 781694634 | Crittenden Compromise | A last-ditch effort to resolve the secession crisis by compromise. It proposed to bar the government from intervening in the states' decision of slavery, to restore the Missouri Compromise, and to guarantee protection of slavery below the line. Lincoln rejected the proposal, causing the gateway to bloodshed to be open. | |
| 781694635 | Border States | States bordering the North: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. They were slave states, but did not secede. | |
| 781694636 | Trent Affair | In 1861 the Confederacy sent emissaries James Mason to Britain and John Slidell to France to lobby for recognition. A Union ship captured both men and took them to Boston as prisoners. The British were angry and Lincoln ordered their release | |
| 781694637 | Antietam | the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties. After this "win" for the North, Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation | |
| 781694638 | Emancipation Proclamation | Issued by Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free | |
| 781694639 | Gettysburg Address | Speech given by Abe Lincoln where he expressed ideas about liberty, equality, and union. | |
| 781694640 | Homestead Act | Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years. The settler would only have to pay a registration fee of $25. | |
| 781694641 | Morill Act | Created agricultural colleges | |
| 781694642 | 10% Plan | pledged loyalty to union by ten percent of the southern states votes towards the union and emncipation. | |
| 781694643 | Wade-Davis Bill | the bill made re-admittance to the Union for former Confederate states contingent on a majority in each Southern state to take the Ironclad oath (he had "never voluntarily borne arms against the United States," had "voluntarily" given "no aid, countenance, counsel or encouragement" to persons in rebellion and had exercised or attempted to exercise the functions of no office under the Confederacy) to the effect they had never in the past supported the Confederacy. | |
| 781694644 | Freedman's Bureau | provided: food, clothing, jobs, medical care, schools for former slaves and the poor whites | |
| 781694645 | 13th Amendment | Abolished slavery | |
| 781694646 | 14th Amendment | This amendment declared that all persons born or naturalized in the United States were entitled equal rights regardless of their race, and that their rights were protected at both the state and national levels. | |
| 781694647 | 15th Amendment | citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude | |
| 781694648 | Reconstruction | the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union | |
| 781694649 | Radical Republicans | political party that favored harsh punishment of Southern states after Civil War | |
| 781694650 | Election of 1866 | Johnson took to the road and used his infamous, "swing around the circle" speeches to attack Congressional opponents; appealed to racial prejudices of whites; Republicans accused Johnson of being a drunkard and a traitor and used antisouthern prejudices by employing a campaign tactic known as "waving the bloody shirt"-inflaming the hatreds of northern voters by reminding them of the hardships of war; Johnson won but Republicans owned both House and Senate | |
| 781694651 | Civil Rights Act | This secured the rights of freedmen, it gave citizenship to African- Americans | |
| 781694652 | Tenure of Office Act | 1866 - enacted by radical congress - forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent - was to prevent Johnson from removing a radical republican from his cabinet | |
| 781694653 | Impeachment 1868 | Johnson was impeached for his failure to comply with the Tenure of Office Act among other "high crimes and misdemeanors"; Johnson was one vote shy of being removed from office. | |
| 781694654 | Black Codes | laws passed in the south just after the civil war aimed at controlling freedmen and enabling plantation owners to exploit african american workers | |
| 781694655 | Sharecropping | system in which landowners leased a few acres of land to farmworkers in return for a portion of their crops. Common job of former slave owners. | |
| 781694656 | First Transcontinental Railroad | joining of Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads. Happened under president Grant. | |
| 781694657 | Tweed Ring | A group of people in New York City who worked with and for Burly "Boss" Tweed. He was a crooked politician and money maker. The ring supported all of his deeds. The New York Times finally found evidence to jail Tweed. Without Tweed the ring did not last. These people, the "Bosses" of the political machines, were very common in America for that time | |
| 781694658 | Panic of 1873 | Four year economic depression caused by overspeculation on railroads and western lands, and worsened by Grant's poor fiscal response (refusing to coin silver | |
| 781694659 | Credit Mobilier | Scandalous company created by Union Pacific Railroad insiders, it distributed shares of its stock to Congressmen to avoid detection | |
| 781694660 | Whiskey Ring | During the Grant administration, a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars. | |
| 781694661 | Compromise 1877 | Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river | |
| 781694662 | Bland-Allison Act | Free coinage of silver | |
| 781694663 | Pendleton Act | 1883 law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons |
