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The Amercian Pageant 12 e Chapter 38 The Eisenhower Era, 1952-1960 Flashcards

APUSH 2012

367064741	Dwight D. Eisenhower	leader of the Allied forces in Europe during WW2--leader of troops in Africa and commander in DDay invasion-elected president-president during integration of Little Rock Central High School
367064742	Adlai E. Stevenson	Gaining the support of Truman who did not want to run again, this man of Illinois was the clear choice to be the democratic candidate in 1952. Unable to produce a war record like Eisenhower, he was solidly defeated everywhere but the deep south, gaining only 89 electoral votes
367064743	Richard M. Nixon	He was a committee member of the House of Representatives, Committee on Un-American Activities (to investigate "subversion"). He tried to catch Alger Hiss who was accused of being a communist agent in the 1930's. This brought Nixon to the attention of the American public. In 1956 he was Eisenhower's Vice-President.
367064744	"Checkers" speech (1952)	Given by Richard Nixon when he was the Republican candidate for the Vice Presidency. Said to have saved his career from a campaign contributions scandal.
367064745	Korean armistice	July 27th, 1953 - divided Korea into two nations at the 38th parallel
367064746	Sen. Joseph R. McCarthy	Led the search for communists in Washington, conservative politicians at the state and local levels discovered that all manner of real or perceived social changes.
367064747	Gen. George Marshall	United States secretary of state who formulated a program providing economic aid to European countries after World War II. The Marshall Plan provided massive American economic assistance to help Europe recover from the war.
367064748	Army-McCarthy hearings (1954)	Congressional hearings called by Senator Joseph McCarthy's to accuse members of the army of communist ties. In this widely televised spectacle, McCarthy finally went too far for public approval. The hearings exposed the Senator's extremism and led to his eventual disgrace. (951)
367064749	Jim Crow laws	The "separate but equal" segregation laws state and local laws enacted in the Southern and border states of the United States and enforced between 1876 and 1965
367064750	Emmett Till (1955)	o Murdered for alleged inappropriateness toward a white woman o Galvanized what had been smaller regional movements into a national movement o His murderers were acquitted
367064751	Gunnar Myrdal	Swedish economist; writes "The American Dilemma" says US biggest problem is racism because of stereotype of blacks as inferior among whites; blacks treated as second class by gov.
367064752	Jackie Robinson	The first African American player in the major league of baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans.
367064753	NAACP	National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism and to gain civil rights for African Americans, got Supreme Court to declare grandfather clause unconstitutional
367064754	Executive Order 8802 (1941)	prohibited employment discrimination in defense jobs; established Fair Employment Practices Commission to monitor compliance; significant shift in public policy towards equal opportunity for blacks
367064755	Walter White	A spokesman for African Americans as the executive secretary of the NAACP
367064756	Thurgood Marshall	American civil rights lawyer, first black justice on the Supreme Court of the United States. Marshall was a tireless advocate for the rights of minorities and the poor.
367064757	Rosa Parks (1955)	Parks arrested for refusing to give up bus seat to white man, African American leaders called for city-wide boycott of bus system (lasted almost 400 days); Supreme Court ruled segregated buses unconstitutional
367064758	Montgomery bus boycott	In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal.
367064759	Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.	He was the young minister that organized the Montgomery bus boycotts and later the SCLC. His "I have a dream speech" is one of the most famous speeches in American history. He was gunned down in 1968 in Memphis, TN.
367064760	Earl Warren	United States jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1891-1974)
367064761	Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954)	Linda Brown was forced to walk 21 blocks over tracks even, to go to school. Thurgood Marshal argued that this was unconstitutional and Earl Warren agreed. Segregation was struck down finally (however it was far from over)! Most people were happy, but many in the South resisted
367064762	Declaration of Constitutional Principals	n this date, Howard Smith of Virginia, chairman of the House Rules Committee, introduced the Southern Manifesto in a speech on the House Floor. Formally titled the "Declaration of Constitutional Principles," it was signed by 82 Representatives and 19 Senators—roughly one-fifth of the membership of Congress and all from states that had once composed the Confederacy. It marked a moment of southern defiance against the Supreme Court's 1954 landmark Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka (KS) decision, which determined that separate school facilities for black and white school children were inherently unequal. The Manifesto attacked Brown as an abuse of judicial power that trespassed upon states' rights. It urged southerners to exhaust all "lawful means" to resist the "chaos and confusion" that would result from school desegregation. Smith had cooperated with several Senators to develop the Manifesto, and Walter F. George of Georgia introduced it in the other chamber. Under Smith, the Rules Committee became a graveyard for numerous civil rights initiatives in the 1950s. In his prefatory remarks, Smith declared that the ship of state had "drifted from her moorings," and described the high court's record on civil rights as one of "repeated deviation" from the fundamental separation of powers and constitutionally implied autonomy of the states. A small group of southern Members rose on the House Floor to applaud Smith's brief speech; no Member rose to speak against it.
367064763	Orval Faubus	The Governor who opposed the integration of Central High, Sent the Little Rock National Guard to keep them out. Then gave them no protection at all.
367064764	Little Rock Central High (1957)	A 1957 incident when federal troops were sent to Little Rock Central High School to protect Black students from opposition to de-segregation efforts. Govern Orval Faubus was in charge when the crisis took place. (With relation to cooperative federalism) Ironically, as Grodzins notes in the book, the school superintendent of Benton chose not to speak about segregation when describing the wide range of federal services to the schools.
367064765	Southern Christian Leadership Conference (1957)	was started by Martin Luther King Jr. and advocated the practice of nonviolent protest
367064766	Greensboro "sit-ins" (1960)	The Greensboro Sit-ins were protests where 4 students from the NC Agricultural and Technical College sat down at whites only lunch counter. Once they were there, they refused to move. Each day, they came back with many more protesters. Sometimes, there were over 100. These sit-ins led to the formation of the SNCC. Led to sit-ins across the country.
367064767	Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (1960)	4 black college students in Greensboro, North Carolina demanded service at a whites-only lunch counter.Within a week, the sit-in reached 1,000 students, spreading a wave of wade-ins, lie-ins, and pray-ins across the South demanding equal rights. SNCC was formed to help them out.
367064768	Bracero program	United States labor agents recruited thousands of farm and railroad workers from Mexico. The program stimulated emigration for Mexico.
367064769	"Operation Wetback" (1954)	A government program to roundup and deport as many as one million illegal Mexican migrant workers in the United States. The program was promoted in part by the Mexican government and reflected burgeoning concerns about non-European immigration to America. (957)
367064770	Indian New Deal	1930's legislation that gave Indians greater control of their own affairs and provided further funding for schools and hospitals.
367064771	Interstate Highway Act (1956)	$27 billion plan to build forty two thousand miles of sleek, fast motorways
367064772	AFL and CIO merger	The passage of the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947 and the growing conservatism in U.S. national labour policies implicit in the statute aroused unions to renewed political activity. The CIO joined the AFL in opposition to the new law, but political unity was only gradually translated into union solidarity. After Murray's death late in 1952, Walter P. Reuther, head of the CIO's United Automobile Workers, became president of the CIO. Three years later, in 1955, the AFL and the CIO merged, with George Meany, former head of the AFL, becoming president of the new federation (a post he held until November 1979, a few months before his death). Membership in the new labour entity included about one-third of all nonagricultural workers in 1955. Membership declined steadily thereafter.
367064773	John Foster Dulles	United States diplomat who (as Secretary of State) pursued a policy of opposition to the USSR by providing aid to American allies (1888-1959)
367064774	Strategic Air Command (SAC)	main instrument in American policy of massive retaliation in the event of provocation; essentially long range fliers capable of remaining in air for extended periods of time to fly across continents and drop atomic weapons (used B-47 bombers, KC-97 tankers to refuel mid-flight); main means of atomic war before inter-continental missile era
367064775	"Massive retaliation"	The "new look" defense policy of the Eisenhower administration of the 1950's was to threaten "massive retaliation" with nuclear weapons in response to any act of aggression by a potential enemy.
367064776	Nikita Khrushchev	ruled the USSR from 1958-1964; lessened government control of soviet citizens; seeked peaceful coexistence with the West instead of confrontation
367064777	Geneva summit (1955)	Ike and Khrushchev meet to discuss disarmament and Germany; shows that Ike tried to help but was rejected by Soviets
367064778	Hungarian uprising (1956)	Series of demonstrations in Hungary against the Soviet Union. Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev violently suppressed this pro-Western uprising, highlighting the limitations of America's power in Eastern Europe. (959)
367064779	Ho Chi Minh	1950s and 60s; communist leader of North Vietnam; used geurilla warfare to fight anti-comunist, American-funded attacks under the Truman Doctrine; brilliant strategy drew out war and made it unwinnable
367064780	Dienbienphu (1954)	The final battle in which the Vietminh defeated the French forces, and won the war. Thus allowing them to maintain their freedom.
367064781	Geneva Conference (1954)	Peace conference between France and Ho Chi Minh. France wanted Ho Chi Minh to stop attack French troops and Ho Chi Minh wanted the troops gone.
367064782	Ngo Dinh Diem	American ally in South Vietnam from 1954 to 1963; his repressive regime caused the Communist Viet Cong to thrive in the South and required increasing American military aid to stop a Communist takeover. he was killed in a coup in 1963.
367064783	Warsaw Pact (1955)	Soviet Union formed this in 1955. It included the Soviet Union and seven of its satellites (countries alligned with them) in Eastern Europe. This was also a defensive alliance, promising mutual military cooperation.
367064784	Shah of Iran	Leader of Iran who wanted to nationalize their oil and improve economy, sparks Iranian Revolution and Shah is overthrown (1979)
367064785	Suez crisis (1956)	military attack on Egypt by Britain, France, and Israel beginning on 29 October 1956. The attack followed Egypt's decision of 26 July 1956 to nationalize the Suez Canal after the withdrawal of an offer by Britain and the United States to fund the building of the Aswan Dam
367064786	Eisenhower Doctrine (1957)	Eisenhower proposed and obtained a joint resolution from Congress authorizing the use of U.S. military forces to intervene in any country that appeared likely to fall to communism. Used in the Middle East.
367064787	OPEC (1960)	Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
367064788	James R. Hoffa	Leader of the Teamsters who did jail time and disappeared, the rumor being that he had been killed by gangsters
367064789	Landrum-Griffin Act (1959)	Also called the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act was passed in reponse to allegations of criminal activity in unions, to safe guard union members from the union. Required detailed reporting of union finances, etc.
367064790	Sputnik (1957)	was the world's first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite. It circled the earth in 96.2 minutes. Launched into a low altitude eliptical orbit by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957, it was the first in a series of satellites collectively known as the Sputnik program. The unanticipated announcement of Sputnik 1's success precipitated the Sputnik crisis in the United States and ignited the Space Race within the Cold War
367064791	Intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs)	The longest-range ballistic missiles, able to travel 5,000 miles
367064792	"Missile gap"	The United States and the Soviet Union were involved in a race to discover who had more missiles and war equipment. The missile gap was the difference in how much the United States had compared to how much the Soviet Union had.
367064793	National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)	is the organization that was established by the National Aeronautics and Space Act on July 29, 1958, replacing its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The agency became operational on October 1, 1958. NASA has led U.S. efforts for space exploration ever since, resulting in the Apollo missions to the Moon, the Skylab space station, and later the Space Shuttle. Currently NASA is supporting the International Space Station and is developing a new manned spacecraft called Orion. After the Soviet's space program's launch of the world's first artificial satellite (Sputnik 1) on October 4, 1957, the attention of the United States turned toward its own fledgling space efforts. The U.S. Congress, alarmed by the perceived threat to national security and technological leadership (known as the "Sputnik crisis"), urged immediate and swift action; President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his advisers counseled more deliberate measures. Several months of debate produced an agreement that a new federal agency was needed to conduct all non-military activity in space. The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was also created at this time to develop space technology for military application.
367064794	National Defense and Education Act (1958)	Passed in response to Sputnik, that was designed to improve the teaching of science and languages through student loans
367064795	Lebanon intervention	The 1958 Lebanon crisis was a Lebanese political crisis caused by political and religious tensions in the country. It included a U.S. military intervention.
367064796	"Spirit of Camp David" (1959)	When Krushchev met Eisenhower in the US and said that his evacuation plans of Berlin would be extended indefinitely
367064797	U-2 spy plane	U.S. spy plane shot down over the USSR which ended a move toward "rapprochement" at the end of the Eisenhower administration.
367064798	Guatemalan intervention	The 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état (18-27 June 1954) was the CIA covert operation that deposed President Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán, with a paramilitary invasion by an anti-Communist "army of liberation".
367064799	Fulgencio Batista	He was a pro-American dictator of Cuba before Castro. His overthrow led to Castro and communists taking over Cuba, who was now friendly to the Soviets.
367064800	Fidel Castro	Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927)
367064801	Richard Nixon	he was elected to be US President after Johnson decided to not to run for US president again. He promised peace with honor in Vietnam which means withdrawing American soliders from South Vietnam
367064802	"Kitchen debate"	was a famous discussion between Richard Nixon and Nikita Khrushchev. It signaled that the U.S acknowledged their setback in technology since Nixon focused on technological luxuries.
367064803	Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.	Nixon's running mate for the presidential campaign of 1960; had served for seven years as the US representative to the UN
367064804	John F. Kennedy	president during part of the cold war and especially during the superpower rivalry and the cuban missile crisis. he was the president who went on tv and told the public about hte crisis and allowed the leader of the soviet uinon to withdraw their missiles. other events, which were during his terms was the building of the berlin wall, the space race, and early events of the Vietnamese war.
367064805	Lyndon B. Johnson	signed the civil rights act of 1964 into law and the voting rights act of 1965. he had a war on poverty in his agenda. in an attempt to win, he set a few goals, including the great society, the economic opportunity act, and other programs that provided food stamps and welfare to needy famillies. he also created a department of housing and urban development. his most important legislation was probably medicare and medicaid.
367064806	"New Frontier"	The campaign program advocated by JFK in the 1960 election. He promised to revitalize the stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights.
367064807	Nixon-Kennedy TV debates	first televised presidential debate aired by CBS
367064808	Twenty-second Amendment (1951)	limited the number of years an individual may serve as president. according to the amendment, a president may be elected no more than twice
367064809	Alaska and Hawaii	These were the 49th and 50th states added to the union, both under Eisenhower in 1959
367064810	Betty Friedan	United States feminist who founded a national organization for women (born in 1921)
367064811	Television	a telecommunication system that transmits images of objects (stationary or moving) between distant points
367064812	Billy Graham, Oral Roberts, Fulton Sheen	famous evangelists who used the new medium of television
367064813	Elvis Presley	United States rock singer whose many hit records and flamboyant style greatly influenced American popular music (1935-1977)
367064814	Marilyn Monroe	United States film actress noted for sex appeal (1926-1962)
367064815	David Riesman	Wrote "The Lonely Crowd", a sociological study of modern conformity, which postulates the existence of the "inner-directed" and "other-directed" personalities. Riesman argues that the character of post WWII American society impels individuals to "other-directedness", the preeminent example being modern suburbia, where individuals seek their neighbors' approval and fear being outcast from their community.
367064816	William H. Whyte, Jr.	wrote The Organization Man, assailed the similarity many business organizations cultivated in order to keep any individual from dominating.
367064817	Sloan Wilson	wrote "The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit"
367064818	John Kenneth Galbraith	United States economist (born in Canada) who served as ambassador to India (born in 1908)
367064819	Daniel Bell	best known for his contributions to post-industrialism, which is society in which an economic transition has occurred from a manufacturing based economy to a service based economy, a diffusion of national and global capital, and mass privatization. The prerequisites to this economic shift are the processes of industrialization and liberalization. This economic transition spurs a restructuring in society as a whole.
367064820	C. Wright Mills	Sociological imagination:The ability to see the impact of social forces(public issues) on individuals, especially their private lives (personal troubles)
367064821	Ernest Hemingway	an American writer of fiction who won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1954 (1899-1961)
367064822	John Steinbeck	American novelist who wrote "The Grapes of Wrath". (1939) A story of Dustbowl victims who travel to California to look for a better life.
367064823	Norman Mailer	wrote "The Naked and the Dead" (1948), based on military experiences
367064824	James Jones	National Security Advisor
367064825	Joseph Heller	United States novelist whose best known work was a black comedy inspired by his experiences in the Air Force during World War II (1923-1999)
367064826	Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.	This American author of "Slaughterhouse-Five" wrote other works including 'God Bless You,' 'Mr. Rosewater,' and a novel taking place on San Lorezo featuring Bokononism, "Cat's Cradle."
367064827	John Updike	United States author (born 1932) Rabbit
367064828	John Cheever	United States writer of novels and short stories (1912-1982)
367064829	Louis Auchincloss	wrote about upper class New Yorkers
367064830	Gore Vidal	wrote "Myra Breckinridge" (1968)
367064831	Ezra Pound	chief prophet of modernism in Long, deeply concerned with creating new and often difficult styles of modernist expression. As a foreign editor of Poetry, Pound became the conduit through which many American poets achieved publication
367064832	Wallace Stevens	United States poet (1879-1955)
367064833	William Carlos Williams	This Modernist was friends with Pound but more practical. He also used imagery in his poems. He is most known for "The Red Wheelbarrow".
367064834	Theodore Roethke	-Born in Saginaw -Greenhouses=life -Greman -Went to Harvard -love/hate relationship with his father -Beatrice=wife/student -died swimming of blood clot to brain -manic=depressive disorder -bipolar
367064835	Robert Lowell	(1917-1977) Confessional Poet "Skunk Hour"; "For the Union Dead"; "Memories of West Street and Lepke"; "Home After Three Months Away"
367064836	Sylvia Plath	wrote The Bell Jar, about a young adolescent girl who was admitted to a mental institution
367064837	Anne Sexton	This woman was a well-known Confessionalist poet. She began writing at the advice of her therapist. One of her famous poems is called "The Wifebeater".
367064838	John Berryman	Author of "The Dream Songs"
367064839	Tennessee Williams	The Glass Menagerie, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, A Streetcar Named Desire; famous American playwright in 20th c; one of the most filmed playwrights; homosexual
367064840	Arthur Miller	Wrote The Crucible in 1950s about Salem witch trials as a parallel to McCarthy's "witch hunt" for communists during the Red Scare
367064841	Lorraine Hansberry	(1930-1965) African American playwright whose Raisin in the Sun was the first play by a female African American ever produced on Broadway
367064842	Edward Albee	A twentieth-century American playwright whose early plays reflected the influence of the Theater of the Absurd. His psychological dramas include Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, Tiny Alice, and A Delicate Balance.
367064843	Richard Wright	United States writer whose work is concerned with the oppression of African Americans (1908-1960)
367064844	Ralph Ellison	United States novelist who wrote about a young Black man and his struggles in American society (1914-1994)
367064845	James Baldwin	United States author who was an outspoken citic of racism (1924-1987), wrote Go tell it on the Mountain - infl. by MLK death- violence was most effective way to change someones attitude
367064846	LeRoi Jones	United States writer of poems and plays about racial conflict (born in 1934), "The Dutchman" (1963)
367064847	William Faulkner	United States novelist (originally Falkner) who wrote about people in the southern United States (1897-1962), The Sound and The Fury
367064848	Walker Percy	United States writer whose novels explored human alienation (1916-1990)
367064849	Eudora Welty	20th C. American author. Southern. The Optimist's Daughter (Pulizer Prize).
367064850	Robert Penn Warren	"All the King's Men" Governorship of Willie Stark Is narrated by Jack Burden, a political reporter 1947 Pulitzer Prize 1st US Poet Laureate
367064851	Flannery O'Connor	creator of stories reflecting the Southern Gothic style. Southern Gothic focuses on strange events, eccentric characters and local color. People, places and events appear to be normal at first glance, but turn out to be strange, even horrific. Creates stories grounded in reality but disquieting and disturbing.
367064852	William Styron	Sophie's Choice
367064853	J. D. Salinger	wrote in the Catcher in the Rye of a prep school student, Holden Caulfield who was unable to find any are of society—school, family, friends, city - in which he could feel secure or committed.
367064854	Bernard Malamud	The Natural, The First Seven Years, The Fixer
367064855	Philip Roth	United States writer whose novels portray middle-class Jewish life (born in 1933)
367064856	Saul Bellow	Perhaps the foremost among the American novelists who came into prominence after WWII, 1976 Nobel Prize winner Bellow is a part of the novelistic mainstream. His books have the rich flavor of his urban Jewish upbringing. Henderson the Rain King and Herzog are his two most famous works.
367064857	E. L. Doctorow	member of english faculty at Yale, Sarah Lawrence, UC Irvine, received the National Book Critics Circle Award (Ragtime), directer of the Authors Guild, member of the American Academy and the Institute of Arts and Letters, The book of Daniel, Drinks Before Dinner, Lives of the Poets, essay explaining why fiction occupies a significant place in our lives

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AP U.S. History Section1 Flashcards

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737897038	Attack on Manchuria 1931	Japanese expansion in China culminated in the outright annexation of Manchuria. The Japanese claimed that the chinese attacked first, thus justifying Japanese annexation of Manchuria. This began a chain of events that led ot WWII in the Pacific.
737897039	Hoover-Stimson Doctrine 1932	This was the U.S. response to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. It stated that the U.S. would not recognize any territory seized by force.
737897040	Cordell Hull	United States diplomat who did the groundwork for creating the United Nations (1871-1955)
737897041	Hawes-Cutting Act 1933	This act gave the Philippines independence in ten years, but allowed the U.S. to retain military and naval bases on the islands.
737897042	Montevideo Conference 1933	Secretary of State Hull joined with other North and South American nations in accepting a pact that denied any country the right to intervene in the affairs of another country
737897043	Rio de Janeiro Conference 1933	Meeting of 19 American republics, in which the American treaty of reciprocal Assistance was signed, committing each republic to assist another in times of any attack or if an American republic were threatened by a situation not involving an armed attack, members would meet and decide necessary actions to be taken
737897044	Tydings-McDuffie Act 1934	provided for the independence of Philippines after a 12 year period of econimc, political tutelage
737897045	Nye Committee 1934-1936	This committee discovered that during WWI, bankers accumulated vast profits as a result of the war. Caused many people to regret having entered WWI and becoming isolationists.
737897046	Merchants of Death	Liberal isolationists' term for companies which manufactured armaments. They felt that the companies were undermining national interests by assisting agressor nations.
737897047	Buenos Aires Conference 1936	Meeting of the American republics where the United States agreed to give up some of its intervention rights in Latin America. Demonstrated the unity of the nations of the Western Hemisphere in the face of European conflict.
737897048	Spanish Civil War, Franco 1936	This was a civil war between the Republicans and Nationalists and was caused by the Nationalists. The middle and lower classes and the Russians supported the Republicans while the fascist Francisco Franco and the Nationalists were supported by Germany, Italy, the aristocracy, the Catholic Church and the Spanish Army. The Nationalists were victorious.
737897049	Ethiopia, Selassi	He was the emperor of this country who pledged with the League of Nations to save his country from Italy's aggression
737897050	Sino-Japanese War 1937	Japan's invasion of Manchuria started not only this war, but WWII. Coastal China was given to Japan as an appeasement after the war. Japan thought China would surrender quickly; Japan would achieve dominance in the region. China refused to submit to the Japanese.
737897051	Panay Incident 1937	Japanese bombers engaged in war with China bombed and sank the marked U.S. gunboat Panay and three Standard Oil ships, which were evacuating American officials from China. Japan accepted responsibilities of bombing the ships, made a formal apology and promised indemnities later set at $2 million.
737897052	Quarantine Speech 1937	An important speech delivered by Franklin Roosevelt in which he called for "positive endeavors" to "quarantine" land-hungry dictators, presumably through economic embargos. The speech flew in the face of isolationist politicians.
737897053	Lima Conference 1938	Another conference before WWII, the Lima Conference adopted the Declaration of Lima, and also restated the sovereignty of the American states; Additionally, it expressed the U.S. determination to resist "all foreign intervention or activities that may threaten them."
737897054	Declaration of Panama 1939	Adopted at Panama city by the foreign ministers of the American Republics, sixteen resolutions were passed to deal with the outbreak of war in Europe. Resolution no. XIV entitled "Declaration of Panama," stated that American waters should be free of hostilities from non-belligerent nations.
737897055	Act of Havana 1940	The act was created to prevent the transfer to European colonies to Germany in the western hemisphere. It stated that the American Republics would take over and administer any European possession in the New World endangered by aggression. It was unanimously approved by the Pan American Nations.
737897056	Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies	1940 - Formed by isolationists who believed that the U.S. could avoid going to war by giving aid in the form of supplies and money to the Allies, who would fight the war for us.
737897057	America First Committee	A committee organized by isolationists before WWII, who wished to spare American lives. They wanted to protect America before we went to war in another country. Charles A. Lindbergh (the aviator) was its most effective speaker.
737897058	Benito Mussolini	Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy. (p. 786)
737897059	Adolf Hitler	This dictator was the leader of the Nazi Party. He believed that strong leadership was required to save Germanic society, which was at risk due to Jewish, socialist, democratic, and liberal forces.
737897060	Nazism	the fascist policies of the National Socialist German Workers' party, based on totalitarianism, a belief in racial superiority, and state control of industry.
737897061	Final Solution	the Nazi Party's plan to murder the entire Jewish population of Europe and the Soviet Union
737897062	Munich Conference, appeasement 1938	Politicians from France, Germany and England met in Munich because Hitler had demanded the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia. He received this land because he promised not to take any more land. This promise was broken when Germany invaded Czechoslovakia.
737897063	Austrian Anschluss 1938	This was the annexation of Austria in 1938 by Germany.
737897064	Invasion of Poland 1939	Germany invaded, breaking their agreement, so Britain and France declared war, starting World War II.
737897065	Blitzkrieg	"Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland n 1939
737897066	Charles de Gaulle	French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile (1890-1970)
737897067	Axis and Allied Powers	these two powers were opposing alliances during world war II. the axis powers included germany, italy, and japan. the allied powers were the u.s., great britain, france, russia and other countries opposed to the axis.
737897068	Cash and Carry	policy adopted by the United States in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them.
737897069	Destroyer Deal	1940 - U.S. agreed to "lend" its older destroyers to Great Britain. (Destroyers were major warships that made up the bulk of most countries' navies.) Signaled the end of U.S. neutrality in the war.
737897070	Lend-Lease Act 1941	the name of the program under which the United States of America supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China, France and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war material between 1941 and 1945 in return for, in the case of Britain, military bases in Newfoundland, Bermuda, and the British West Indies.
737897071	Pearl Harbor 1941	attack in the United States which prompted the US to join WWII. It was undertaken only after serious consideration by Japanese authorities and chose to start a war rather than have to avoid angering the unfriendly US.
737897072	Stalingrad 1942	The German advance into Russia was stopped at Stalingrad by the cold and cruel Russian winter and stiff Russian resistance. With the German defeat at Stalingrad, Hitler lost all hope of defeating Russia.
737897073	El Alamein 1942	The German army was headed towards the Suez Canal to choke off British supplies but General Montgomery successfully defeated General Erwin Rommel, "the Desert Fox" at El Alamein, west of Cairo.
737897074	Executive Order #9066	2/19/42; 112,000 Japanese-Americans forced into camps causing loss of homes & businesses, 600K more renounced citizenship; demonstrated fear of Japanese invasion
737897075	War Production Board (WPB)	created by FDR in January 1942 to increase military production; directed the conversion of existing factories to wartime production and supervised the building of new plants; assigned raw materials to industry, including scrap iron from factories and recyclable aluminum, paper, tin, and other items from homes
737897076	Office of War Mobilization (OWM)	created on May 27, 1943; coordinated all gov't agencies involved in the war effort; directed by James F. Byrnes, who wielded such power that he was often called the assistant president; coordinated the production and distribution of consumer goods
737897077	Office of Price Administrations (OPA)	(August 28, 1941) Established in the Office for emergency Management of the United States government. Designed to control prices and rents in the United States following the outbreak of World War two.
737897078	Eisenhower and MacArthur	_____ was Commander of Allied Forces in the European theater while _____ was Commander of the Allied Forces in the Pacific
737897079	Second Front	the invasion of western Europe by the U.S ,British, and French in 1944. This invasion was to take presure off the Russians and divide the Germans. It was established by the D-Day Invasion.
737897080	D-Day, 6/6/1944	June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II.
737897081	Battle of the Bulge 12/16/1944	December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled along the German border. In the winter of 1944, Germany staged a massive counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile "bulge" into the Allied lines. The Allies stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses.
737897082	Winston Churchill	A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West.
737897083	Joseph Stalin	Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)
737897084	Atlantic Charter 1941	World War II alliance agreement between the United States and Britain; included a clause that recognized the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they live; indicated sympathy for decolonization
737897085	Casablanca Conference 1943	In the middle of the North African campaign, Roosevelt and Churchill met at Casablanca and resolved to attack Italy before invading France. They also vowed to pursue the war until the unconditional surrender of the Axis power, and tried to reduce Soviet mistrust of the west.
737897086	Unconditional Surrender	giving up to an enemy without any demands or requests; an announcement by FDR with Churchill's endorsement that the war would end only with this. The conquered governments would be no longer, no compromise could be reached. Later people believe that this stiffened enemy resistance
737897087	Cairo Conference 1943	FDR met with Churchill and Chiang Kai-shek, the head of the Chinese government. FDR promised Chiang that Manchuria and Taiwan would be returned to China and that Korea would be free with the hope that Chiang would fight until Japan surrendered unconditionally.
737897088	Tehran Conference 1943	WWII conference between Stalin, FDR, and Churchill; its purpose was to develop a strategy for war against the Axis (open a second front)
737897089	Hideki Tojo	This general was premier of Japan during World War II while this man was dictator of the country. He gave his approval for the attack on Pearl Harbor and played a major role in Japan's military decisions until he resigned in 1944
737897090	Emperor Hirohito	Emperor of Japan during WWII. his people viewed him as a god
737897091	Coral Sea	Crucial naval battle which stopped the Japanese march across the Pacific, first time all fighting was done by carrier based aircraft
737897092	Midway 1942	A pivotal naval battle fought near the island of Midway on June 3-6, 1942. The victory halted Japanese advances in the Pacific.
737897093	Okinawa 1945	Bloodiest battle of them all in the Pacific. 50,000 US casualties (12,000 killed). Summer of 1945. Nearly every Japanese soldier fought to the death (100,000). After the U.S. conquered the island, the U.S. was able to begin daily bombing raids on Honshu (the main island of Japan).
737897094	Manhattan Project	code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II
737897095	J. Robert Oppenheimer	lead the Manhattan Project: the World War II effort to develop the first nuclear bomb. He was remembered as the "Father of the Atomic Bomb."
737897096	Harry Truman	elected Vice President in Roosevelt's 4th term, The 33rd U.S. president, who succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt upon Roosevelt's death in April 1945. He led the country through the last few months of World War II, is best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. After the war, Truman was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which greatly accelerated Western Europe's economic recovery.
737897097	Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1945	Truman decides to call for America to drop atomic bombs on 2 cities destroying them & ending the war

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CLHS - AP Physics B Formulas 2012 Flashcards

All formulas needed for the AP Physics B exam, including some not on the formula sheet

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623067421	v	v₀+at
623067422	x	x₀+v₀t+½at²
623067423	v²	v₀²+2a(x-x₀)
623067424	∑F=Fnet	ma
623067425	Force of Friction	µN
623067426	Acceleration of a Circle	v²/r
623067427	Torque	rFsinθ
623067428	p	mv
623067429	J	F∆t=∆p
623067430	K	½mv²
623067431	∆Ug	mgh
623067432	W	F∆rcosθ
623067433	P	W/∆t
623067434	W	F∆rcosθ
623067435	Force of a Spring	-kx
623067436	Potential Energy of a Spring	½kx²
623067437	Period of a Spring	2π√(m/k)
623067438	Period of a Pendulum	2π√(l/g)
623067439	T	1/f
623067440	Fg	mg
623067441	Force Of Gravity (Universal)	-Gm₁m₂/r²
623067442	Potential Energy due to Universal Gravity	-Gm₁m₂/r
623067443	ρ	m/V
623067444	P	P₀+ρgh
623067445	Force of Buoyancy	ρVg
623067446	A₁v₁	A₂v₂
623067447	P+ρgy+½ρv²	constant (P₁+ρgy₁+½ρv₁²=P₂+ρgy₂+½ρv₂²)
623067448	∆l	αl₀∆T
623067449	H	kA∆T/L
623067450	P	F/A
623067451	PV	nRT=Nk(sub b)T
623067452	average Kinetic energy	3/2k(sub b)T
623067453	average speed	√(3RT/M)= √(3k(sub b)T-µ)
623067454	W	-P∆V
623067455	∆U	Q+W
623067456	e	\|W/Th\|
623067457	efficiency of carnot	Th-Tc/Th
623067458	P₁V₁/T₁	P₂V₂/T₂
623067459	v	fλ
623067460	n	c/v
623067461	n₁sinθ₁	n₂sinθ₂
623067462	sinθcritical	n₂/n₁
623067463	1/s (sub i)+1/s₀	1/f
623067464	M	h(sub i)/h₀=s(sub i)/s₀
623067465	f	R/2
623067466	dsinθ	mλ
623067467	x (sub m)	mλL/d
623067468	F	kq₁q₂/r²
623067469	E	F/q
623067470	E	kq₁/r²
623067471	potential energy of electric field	kq₁q₂/r= qV
623067472	V	k(q₁/r₁+q₂/r₂+...)
623067473	C	Q/V
623067474	C	ε₀A/d
623067475	potential energy of a capacitor	½QV=½CV²
623067476	average I	∆Q/∆t
623067477	R	ρl/A
623067478	V	IR
623067479	P (brightness as well as power)	IV
623067480	Cparallel	C₁+C₂+...
623067481	1/Cseries	1/C₁+1/C₂+...
623067482	Rseries	R₁+R₂+...
623067483	1/Rparallel	1/R₁+1/R₂+...
623067484	Force of Magnetism	qvBsinθ
623067485	Force of Magnetism	BIlsinθ
623067486	B	(µ₀/2π)(I/r)
623067487	magnetic flux (Φm)	BAcosθ
623067488	average ∈	-∆Φm/∆t
623067489	∈	Blv
623067490	E	hf=pc
623067491	max K	hf-Φ
623067492	λ	h/p
623067493	∆E	(∆m)c²

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AP Physics B Vocabulary Flashcards

from princeton review

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732703940	vector	quantity with magnitude and direction
732703941	scalar	quantity with only magnitude
732703942	unit vectors	vectors in the x or y axis that have a magnitude of 1
732703943	vector components	the vertical and horizontal vector that makes up the resultant vector
732703944	Kinematics	the study of an object's motion in terms of its displacement, velocity, and acceleration.
732703945	Average speed	ratio of the total distance traveled to the time required to cover that distance
732703946	Velocity	ratio of displacement to time
732703947	acceleration	change in velocity over time
732703948	launch angle	the angle that the initial velocity vector makes with the ground
732703949	Dynamics	the study of why things move the way they do
732703950	force	an interaction between two bodies
732703951	Inertia	the natural resistance to changes in state of motion
732703952	mass	the quantitative measure of its inertia. How much matter is in an object
732703953	action/ reaction pair	the two forces caused by a certain interaction between bodies
732703954	newton	the measurement of a force (in kgm/second squared)
732703955	weight	the gravitational force exerted on a mass by the Earth
732703956	Free Body Diagram	the diagram of all the forces acting on an object (also known as the force diagram)
732703957	Normal Force	the force perpendicular to the surface (abbreviated N)
732703958	Friction Force	comes from electrical interactions between atoms of which the object is composed and those of which the surface is composed
732703959	Static Friction	the resistance met when initially pushing and object
732703960	Kinetic (Sliding) Friction	the resistance met after the object is in motion
732703961	Coefficient of friction	this is mu. It has no units and represents the nature of two contacting surfaces
732703962	Pulleys	Devises that change the direction of the tension force in the cords that slide over them
732703963	Energy	the measurement of change (the ability to do work)
732703964	Work	the application of force over a distance
732703965	Kinetic Energy	the amount of energy an object in motion has (defined by 1/2 mv squared)
732703966	Potential Energy	the amount of energy an object or system has bey virtue of its position or configuration.
732703967	Gravitational Potential Energy	the energy stored by virtue of an object's position in a gravitational field. (defined by mgh)
732703968	Conservative Forces	a force that does not depend on the path taken to reach a certain distance
732703969	Mechanical Energy	the summation of the Kinetic and Potential energies
732703970	Power	The rate at which work is done
732703971	Watt	the unit of power. It is in joules per second
732703972	Linear Momentum	the product of mass and velocity. (Newton's words: the alteration of motion is proportional to the force impressed)
732703973	Impulse	the change in momentum
732703974	Collisions	an impact between two objects
732703975	Elastic Collision	A collision in which kinetic energy is conserved
732703976	Inelastic Collision	A collision in which kinetic energy is different after the collision
732703977	Uniform Circular Motion	the state where an object travels and a constant tangential velocity in a circle
732703978	Centripetal Acceleration	the acceleration vector that keeps the object moving in a circle
732703979	Centripetal Force	The force required for an object to stay in circular motion
732703980	Torque	the force applied to a pivot point to cause circular motion
732703981	Net Torque	The sum of all torque acting on an object
732703982	Translational Equilibrium	the state when the sum off all the forces acting on an object is zero
732703983	Rotational Equilibrium	the state when the sum of all the torques acting on an object is zero
732703984	Static Equilibrium	the state when the object is at rest
732703985	Gravitational Force	The force between two objects in the universe. (always is attractive)
732703986	Spring Constant	The measurement of how stiff the spring is
732703987	Equilibrium position	the position at which the net force on the block is zero
732703988	Restoring Force	A force that acts in a way to return to its original state
732703989	Ideal (or Linear) Spring	Springs that obey Hooke's Law
732703990	Elastic Potential Energy	The potential energy that a spring contains
732703991	Cycle	a round-trip from a position back to the same position
732703992	Period	the time for one cycle
732703993	Frequency	the amount of cycles per time (normally in seconds)
732703994	Hertz (Hz)	The unit for one cycle per second
732703995	Simple Pendulum	a system that consists of a weight attached to a string or a mass-less rod that swings, without friction, about the vertical equilibrium position.
732703996	Fluids	substances that can flow. Can be a gas or a liquid
732703997	Pressure	the force distributed over area
732703998	Specific Gravity	The ratio of density of a substance to the density of water
732703999	Pascal	The SI unit for pressure, units are Newtons per square meter
732704000	Atmosphere	The non-SI unit for pressure, but is equal to one at sea level.
732704001	Hydrostatic Pressure	The pressure caused by a standing liquid
732704002	Gauge Pressure	The difference between total pressure and atmospheric pressure. In essence, is the pressure caused by the substance itself.
732704003	Buoyant Force	The force caused by the difference in pressure from the top to the bottom. Archimedes' Principle proves this
732704004	Flow Rate	the volume of fluid that passes a particular point per unit time
732704005	Viscosity	the force of cohesion between molecules in a fluid. Is like internal friction
732704006	Streamline	A line in the fluid that has a current passing through it. (as a noun)
732704007	Laminar (streamline)	A condition that results from the individual streamlines don't curl up into vortices but are steady and smooth. (as an adjective)
732704008	Turbulent	a condition that results from the rapid swirling of a streamline into whirlpools. The flow is unpredictable.
732704009	Heat	thermal energy that is transmitted from one body to another.
732704010	Thermal Energy	the random motion of a substance's molecules are a measurement of this
732704011	Temperature	the measure of the concentration of an object's internal thermal energy
732704012	Fahrenheit	The scale of temperature where water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212
732704013	Celsius (Centigrade)	The scale of temperature where water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100
732704014	Absolute Temperature Scale (Kelvin)	The scale of temperature where water freezes at 273.15 and boils at 373.15. Also assigns 0 to the lowest theoretically possible temperature
732704015	Triple Point	The point at which the solid, liquid, and vapor states are possible (in temperature)
732704016	Solid, Liquid, Gas (Vapor)	The three states of matter
732704017	Melts (liquifies)	the process where a solid turns into a liquid
732704018	Freezes (solidifies)	the process where a liquid turns into a solid
732704019	Evaporate	the process where a liquid turns into a vapor (or gas)
732704020	Condensate	the process where a vapor (or gas) turns into a liquid
732704021	Sublimation	the process where a solid tuns into a vapor (or gas)
732704022	Deposition	the process where a vapor (or gas) turns into a solid
732704023	Specific Heat	An intrinsic property of the substance that dictates its ability to transfer thermal energy
732704024	Latent Heat of Transformation	The amount of heat required to go through a phase change (can be of fusion or vaporization)
732704025	Coefficient of linear expansion	The proportionality constant for a specific material that allows for expansion in a line (sometimes contraction)
732704026	Coefficient of volume expansion	The proportionality constant for a specific material that allows for the expansion in three dimensions.
732704027	Mole	A simplification of the number of molecules in a substance. (could have been for the mathematically challenged)
732704028	Avogadro's constant	This is the exact number of molecules in one mole. Is equal to 6.03 times ten to the twenty-ninth.
732704029	Universal Gas Constant	This is equal to 8.31 Joules per mole Kelvin
732704030	Root-Mean-Square Speed	This is the average velocity of the gas molecules in a vapor. Found by squaring, averaging, and then Square rooting the velocities of the gas molecules.
732704031	Molar Mass	The amount of mass in one mole of a substance
732704032	Liter	The measurement of volume that is equal to 10 to the negative third cubic meters
732704033	STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure)	The condition where temperature is 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere
732704034	Thermodynamics	The study of the energy transfers involving work and heat, and the resulting changes in internal energy, temperature, volume, and pressure
732704035	P-V Diagram	The graph of pressure versus volume in a gas.
732704036	State of a gas	The exact pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas
732704037	Internal energy	A fundamental property of a gas that describes its behavior
732704038	Isochoric	A change in a gas that changes everything but volume
732704039	cyclical process	A process that begins and ends in the same state (of a gas)
732704040	isotherm	No variation of temperature takes place during this process, essentially ∆U is the same
732704041	Adiabatic	The change in a gas when Q is equal to 0
732704042	Carnot Engine	A heat engine that uses the Carnot cycle to have maximized efficiency
732704043	Thermal Efficiency	Equal to the ratio of work in to work out in a heat engine
732704044	Absolute Zero	The theoretically temperature that all particle motion stops
732704045	Electrical Charge	This causes the attraction or repulsion in electricity
732704046	Charged	The state of electricity when there is an imbalance of protons and electrons
732704047	Ionization	the removal or addition of charged objects to form an ion
732704048	Elementary Charge	The magnitude of charge on an electron or proton
732704049	Quantized	This is how we describe charge, it is because we can only add or subtract charge in increments of e
732704050	Electric force	The force of attraction or repulsion created by two charged substances
732704051	Coulombs	The SI unit for Charge
732704052	Permittivity of free space	The fundamental constant that describes permittivity of a vacuum
732704053	Superposition	The addition of vectors in a system (need to consider angles as well
732704054	Gravitational Field	the field of attractive force caused by gravity near a large mass
732704055	Electric Filed	The field of attractive or repulsive force caused by charge in a mass
732704056	Electric Field Vector	This vector represents the strength of the electric force at a point.
732704057	Electric Dipole	The relation of two opposite and equal charges
732704058	Conductors	Materials that permit the flow of excess charge
732704059	Insulators	Materials that deny the flow of charge, they hold their electrons closely
732704060	Semiconductors	Materials that are less conductive than metals but not insulators
732704061	Superconductor	Materials the offer absolutely no resistance to the flow of charge, a perfect conductor of charge
732704062	Electrical Potential Energy	The amount of energy of a charged particle in an electric field solely dependent on the particle's position
732704063	Electric Potential	The electric potential energy per unit charge
732704064	Volt	The unit that describes Electrical Potential. Units are Joules per coulomb
732704065	Equipotential Surfaces	Surfaces of constant potential
732704066	Capacitor	This is created by two conductors separated by some distance that carry equal and opposite charge
732704067	Parallel-plate Capacitors	A type of capacitor that is described by two metal plates in parallel
732704068	Capacitance	The measurement of the capacity for holding charge.
732704069	Farad	The unit for measuring capacitance. Units are coulombs per volt
732704070	Electrical Current	The ordered motion of charge through a conductor
732704071	Drift Speed	the speed of the electrons that have to go through the sea of atoms in a wire. This is relatively slow compared to the speed of the electric field that travels through the wire
732704072	Average Current	the amount of charge that crosses an imaginary plane in a certain time interval
732704073	Ampere	The SI unit for charge, is in Coulombs per second
732704074	Resistance	The stemming of the flow of charge. Is related to potential and current through Ohm's Law.
732704075	Ohm	The measurement of resistance. It is measured in volts per amp.
732704076	Resistivity	The intrinsic property that produces resistance in a material
732704077	Circuit	A system of current carrying wires connected to a voltage source in a closed pathway
732704078	Direct Current	A circuit where all the current is moving in one direction
732704079	Electromotive Force (EMF)	The potential different between the poles of the voltage source. Isn't really a force, it is the work done per unit charge, measured in Volts.
732704080	Resistors	Devices that apply resistance to a circuit to manage current
732704081	Positive	The terminal with higher potential
732704082	Negative	The terminal with lower potential
732704083	Series	The circuit type where one resistor is connected one after another
732704084	Parallel	The circuit type where one resistor is connected side by side
732704085	Internal Resistance	The intrinsic amount of resistance in a material used to move current
732704086	Terminal Voltage	The effective voltage provided by the battery to the rest of the circuit
732704087	Voltmeter	The device used to measure the voltage between two points in a circuit
732704088	Ammeter	The device used to measure current of a circuit
732704089	Grounded	The condition of a circuit where the wire connects to a ground
732704090	Ground	The place where potential is considered to be zero
732704091	Magnetic Fields	The field that causes a magnetic force (can be created by a magnet or current through a wire)
732704092	Tesla (T)	The SI unit for magnetic field. Units are Newton per ampere-meter
732704093	Gauss (G)	A unit for magnetic field, non-SI. Equals 10 to the negative fourth Teslas
732704094	Motional emf	The electromotive force created by sliding a rod through a magnetic field, thereby changing the area of the circuit
732704095	Magnetic Flux	The product of Area times the magnetic field, measured in Webers.
732704096	Weber (Wb)	The SI unit for magnetic Flux, units are Tesla meter squared or Newton meter per ampere.
732704097	North Pole	The place where the field lines in a magnetic field flow from
732704098	South Pole	The place where the field lines in a magnetic field flow to
732704099	Mechanical Wave	A disturbance transmitted by a medium from one point to another without the medium itself being transported
732704100	Traveling Wave	a wave in which the medium moves in the direction of propagation of the wave
732704101	Crests	The maximum vertical displacement of the wave above the horizontal
732704102	Troughs	The maximum vertical displacement of the wave below the horizontal
732704103	Wavelength	The length of one wave, goes between two troughs or two crests
732704104	Amplitude	The maximum vertical displacement from the horizontal
732704105	Propagates	Basically, what the wave does, but it signifies the direction of the wave
732704106	Transverse	The wave in which the wave oscillates perpendicular o the direction in which the wave propagates
732704107	Angular frequency	This is defined by multiplying 2 pi times the frequency
732704108	Angular wave number	This is defined by multiplying 2 pi times the wave number
732704109	Wave Number (Propagation constant, K)	The number of wavelengths per unit distance
732704110	Superposition	The sum of the displacements of two or more waves where they meet and interfere with each other
732704111	Interfere	In Waves, this is where the waves overlap and react to one another
732704112	Constructive Interference	The type of interference where the wave displacement is made greater as a result of the difference
732704113	Destructive Interference	The type of interference where the wave displacement is made smaller as a result of the difference
732704114	In Phase	When the two waves meet, they are described as this when the crest of one wave matches the crest of another (or trough etc. same point)
732704115	Out of Phase	When the two waves meet, they are described as this when the crest of one wave meets the trough of another (or slightly off, but it is exactly out of phase if the crest hits the trough)
732704116	Standing Wave	The wave where the crests or troughs don't move anymore and the oscillation continues
732704117	Nodes	The points in a standing wave where there is zero amplitude
732704118	Anti-nodes	The points in a standing wave where there is maximum amplitude
732704119	Harmonic Waves (or Resonant Waves)	The frequency of a wave that produces a node (or anti-node if using instruments) on each end of the wave
732704120	Harmonic Number	the number that describes the degree of the harmonic waves. For frequencies, this is directly proportional and for wavelengths, inversely proportional
732704121	Fundamental Frequency	The frequency of a standing wave in a certain medium that has a harmonic number of 1
732704122	Compressions	The points in a longitudinal wave where the molecules are bunched together, pressure above normal.
732704123	Rarefactions	The points in a longitudinal wave where the molecules are farther apart, pressure below normal.
732704124	Longitudinal Waves	The type of waves that have compressions and rarefactions, not nodes and anti-nodes
732704125	Bulk Modulus	The measurement of the medium's response to compression.
732704126	Intensity	The energy transmitted by sound, is in W/ m squared and is solely dependent on the wave's amplitude.
732704127	Decibels	The non-SI unit of sound intensity. Is abbreviated dB
732704128	Loudness level	Is dependent on the intensity of the wave, is a way to describe the decibels of the sound.
732704129	Beat	When two sound waves interfere constructively, this is produced
732704130	Beat Frequency	The difference between the frequencies of the two combining sound waves that make a beat.
732704131	Overtone	The harmonics above the first harmonic in a simple instrument
732704132	Doppler Effect	The shift in frequency and wavelength that occurs when the source and detector are in relative motion.
732704133	Red-shifted	When the wavelength for light shifts higher, astronomers describe the shift as this.
732704134	Electromagnetic Spectrum (EM Spectrum)	The continuum that includes radiowaves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, y-rays (gamma rays).
732704135	Radiowaves	The electromagnetic wave that goes to the frequency of 10 to the 9th
732704136	Microwaves	The electromagnetic wave that goes from the frequency of 10 to the 9th to 10 to halfway between 10 to the 11th and 10 to the 12th.
732704137	Infrared	The electromagnetic wave that goes from between the frequencies of 10 to the 11th and 10 to the 12th to 10 to the 14th
732704138	Visible Light	The electromagnetic wave that goes from the frequencies of 10 to the 14th to a little below 10 to the 15th
732704139	Ultraviolet	The electromagnetic wave that goes from a little below the frequency of 10 to the 15th to a little above 10 to the 16th
732704140	X-Rays	The electromagnetic wave that goes from a little above the frequency of 10 to the 16th to halfway between 10 to the 19th and 10 to the 20th.
732704141	Gamma Rays (y-Rays)	The electromagnetic wave that goes from between the frequencies of 10 to the 19th and 10 to the 20th and upwards
732704142	Coherent	The description where two interfering waves keep the same phase difference over time, not varying.
732704143	Diffraction	The effect caused when a wave passes through a barrier with a comparable width to its wavelength. Forms a fan-out pattern.
732704144	Fringes	The bands of dark and light in a diffraction pattern that are visible.
732704145	Central Maximum	The bright fringe directly opposite to the midpoint between the slits in a diffraction setting.
732704146	Diffraction gratings	Barriers that contain thousands of tiny slits per centimeter and it makes the pattern sharper.
732704147	Incident bream	The beam of light that strikes a surface and will be reflected or refracted.
732704148	Angle of incidence	The angle formed between the incident beam and the normal
732704149	Reflected Beam	The beam of light that is reflected off of a surface from the incident beam
732704150	Angle of Reflection	The angle that the reflected beam makes with the normal
732704151	Index of Refraction	The number that relates the speed of light in air versus the speed of light in the material.
732704152	Refract	The bending of light towards or away from the normal when passing through a surface
732704153	Dispersion	The effect caused when light strikes a surface and refracts according to each component's index of refraction (most visible in a prism with visible light).
732704154	Critical Angle	The angle of incidence where the angle of refraction equals 90 degrees
732704155	Total Internal Reflection (TIR)	This happens when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle
732704156	Mirror	An optical device that forms an image by reflecting light
732704157	Real Image	An image that can be projected onto the screen. The image that is in the expected position (on a ray diagram)
732704158	Virtual Image	An image that cannot be projected onto the screen. The image that is in the opposite position (on a ray diagram)
732704159	Spherical Mirror	A mirror that is curved in such a way that its surface forms part of a phere
732704160	Center of Curvature	The center of the imaginary sphere that forms the mirror
732704161	Radius of Curvature	The radius of the imaginary sphere of a spherical mirror, it goes from a point to the center of curvature
732704162	Focal Point (Focus)	The point halfway between the mirror and the center of curvature
732704163	Axis	This is the line where the mirror is symmetrical over
732704164	Vertex	The intersection point where the axis intersects with the mirror itself
732704165	Focal Length	The distance between the vertex and the focal point
732704166	Paraxial Rays	The incident light rays that strike close to the mirrors axis. These light rays act almost the same in spherical and parabolic mirrors.
732704167	Concave Mirror	This is a mirror with the reflective side is caved in toward the the viewer
732704168	Convex Mirror	This is a mirror with the reflective side curving away from the viewer
732704169	Ray Tracing	The geometric approach of finding the image in a Ray Diagram
732704170	Converging Lens	This type of lens has both sides approaching each other near the ends. It is a bi-convex lens, commonly, but only one side needs to be convex (the other must be planar then)
732704171	Real Focus	The focal point on the opposite side of a lens. It is opposite the incident light rays.
732704172	Diverging Lens	This type of lens has both sides going farther away from each other near the ends. It is normally bi-concave, but only one side needs to be concave (the other must be planar then)
732704173	Virtual Focus	The focus on the same side as the incident light rays in a lens. The focus on the same side of the lens
732704174	Optical Center	The central point within the lens where the axis intersects the lens.
732704175	Power of a Lens	Defined as one over focal length
732704176	Diopters (D)	This is the measurement of the power of a lens. Measured in 10 to the negative first meters
732704177	Quanta	The bundle of electromagnetic energy that is absorbed or emitted by matter
732704178	Photon	The quantum of electromagnetic energy
732704179	Photoelectric Effect	The effect that a stream of photons produces. Basically light can behave like a wave or a particle (This effect is caused by the particle behavior)
732704180	Photoelectrons	The released electrons that are emitted because of the Photoelectric effect.
732704181	Threshold frequency	The smallest amount of frequency that is required to release electrons from a certain metal
732704182	Planck's Constant	This photoelectric constant is equal to 6.63 Joules per second. It is the proportionality constant between the energy of the electromagnetic wave and the frequency of it.
732704183	Work Function	The amount of energy required to release an electron from a certain metal. This changes with each material
732704184	Electronvolt (eV)	This is a small amount of energy, it is equal to 1.6 x 10 to the negative 19th Joules. It is equal to the energy gained or lost by an electron accelerated through a potential difference of one volt
732704185	Atomic Spectra	The component wavelengths of the light given off from a glowing gas
732704186	Excited	The process where an electron goes to a higher orbit, one with a greater radius. Essentially, it gets ______
732704187	Energy Level	The n in the quantum mechanics. This is another way to describe the orbit level of the electron since those orbits contain a certain amount of energy
732704188	Ground-State Energy	The smallest amount of energy an electron in a specific orbit can have. Is specific to the atom
732704189	Ionizing	When the atom loses or gains electrons, it goes through this process to become an ion.
732704190	Ionization Energy	The minimum amount of energy that must be supplied to release the atom's electron.
732704191	Wave-Particle Duality	This is the phenomenon where light propagates like a wave but also acts like a particle. Also can apply to matter (This is freaky to think about!)
732704192	de Broglie Wavelength	This is the wavelength that matter exerts while it is in motion. Is mostly noticeable with subatomic particles, not ordinary objects
732704193	Protons	The positive subatomic particles in the nucleus
732704194	Neutrons	The subatomic particles in the nucleus that have no net charge
732704195	Nucleons	The collective term for protons and neutrons
732704196	Atomic Number	The number of protons in a given nucleus gives this number
732704197	Neutron Number	The number of neutrons in a given nucleus gives this number
732704198	Mass Number (Nucleon Number)	The total number of nucleons in a given atom, is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
732704199	Isotopes	The atoms that contain the same number of protons (within an element), but different number of neutrons
732704200	Nuclide	The term for a nucleus with a specific numbers of protons and neutrons
732704201	Strong Nuclear Force	The fundamental force that binds neutrons and protons together. It is too complicated to be expressed in a simple formula
732704202	Atomic Mass Unit (amu)	The mass of one individual nucleon. Defined as 1/12th of the mass of a Carbon-12 atom.
732704203	Deuteron (Nucleus of Deuterium)	The isotope of Hydrogen that has one proton and one neutron
732704204	Mass Defect (d)	The difference of mass between the theoretical mass of the atom through weighing each individual nucleon and the actual mass of the atom
732704205	Binding energy	The energy that holds the nucleus together
732704206	Mas-Energy Equivalence	This is the idea that is proven by Einstein's famous equation E-∆m x c squared
732704207	Binding-Energy-Per-Nucleon	This is calculated by taking the total amount of binding energy and dividing it by the total number of nucleons
732704208	Nuclear Fission	The process of splitting an atomic nucleus
732704209	Nuclear Fusion	The process of fusing an atomic nucleus
732704210	Disintegration Energy	The amount of energy that is released in a radioactive decay process (or needed to be added to make a nuclear process work)
732704211	Exothermic (Exoergic)	When the disintegration energy is positive, this type of nuclear process is spontaneous
732704212	Endothermic (Endoergic)	When the disintegration energy is positive, this type of nuclear process cannot be spontaneous

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Physics B- Unit 2 Key Terms 1 Flashcards

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659931778	Amplitude	The distance from the midpoint to the maximum (crest) of a wave.
659931780	Antinodes	The positions on a standing wave where the largest amplitudes occur.
659931782	Blue shift	An increase in the measured frequency of light from an approaching source
659931784	Bow wave	the V-shaped wave produced by an object moving on a liquid surface faster than the wave speed.
659931786	Constructive interference	Addition of two or more waves when wave crests overlap to produce a resulting wave increased amplitude.
659931787	Crest	One of the places in a wave where the wave is highest or the disturbance is greatest.
659931789	Destructive interference	Combination of waves where crests of one wave overlap troughs of another, resulting in a wave of decreased amplitude.
659931791	Doppler effect	The change in frequency of a wave due to the motion of the source or of the receiver.
659931792	Frequency	The number of events per time; measured in hertz.
659931794	Hertz	The SI unit of frequency.
659931796	In Phase	Term applied to two or more waves whose crests and troughs arrive at a place at the same time, so that their effects reinforce each other.
659931797	Interference Pattern	A pattern formed by the overlapping of two or more waves that arrive in a region at the same time.
659931799	Longitudinal Wave	A wave in which the vibration is in the same direction as that in which the wave is traveling, rather than at right angles to it.
659931801	Node	Any part of a standing wave that remains stationary.
659931803	Out of Phase	Term applied to two waves for which the crest of one wave arrives at a point at the same time that a trough of the second wave arrives. Their effects cancel each other
659931805	Period	The time required for a pendulum to make one to-and-fro swing
659931807	Red Shift	A decrease in the measured frequency of light (or other radiation) from a receding source
659931809	Shock Wave	A cone-shaped wave produced by an object moving at a supersonic speed through a fluid.
659931811	Simple Harmonic Motion	Periodic motion in which acceleration is proportional to the distance from an equilibrium position and is directed toward that equilibrium position.
659931812	Sine Curve	A curve whose shape represents the crests and troughs of a wave, as traced out by a swinging pendulum that drops a trail of sand over a moving conveyor belt.
659931813	Sonic Boom	The sharp crack heard when the shock wave that sweeps behind a supersonic aircraft reaches the listener.
659931814	Standing Wave	Wave in which parts of the wave remain stationary and the wave appears not to be traveling.
659931815	Transverse Wave	A wave with vibration at right angles to the direction the wave is traveling
659931816	Trough	One of the places in a wave where the wave is lowest, or the disturbance is greatest, in the opposite direction of the crest.
659931817	Vibration	An oscillation, or repeating back and forth motion about an equilibrium position.
659931818	Wave	A "wiggle" in space and time.
659931819	Wavelength	The distance from the top of a crest of a wave to the top of the following crest.

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World War 2 Timeline Flashcards

Important Dates from World War 2

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687257742	1931	Japan invades Manchuria
687257743	1932	Nazi Party becomes powerful in Germany
687257744	January 1933	Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany
687257745	March 1933	First concentration camp opens
687257746	April 7 1933	Hitler orders all non-aryans to be removed from government jobs
687257747	September 1935	Nuremberg Laws instituted against Jews in Germany
687257748	October 1935	Italian troops invade Ethopia
687257749	March 1936	Germany occupies the Rhineland
687257750	July 1936	Spanish Civil War begins
687257751	July 1937	Hideki Tojo invaded China
687257752	March 12, 1938	German troops march into Austria and annihilate them
687257753	September 30, 1938	Daladier and Chamberlain sign the Munich agreement to appease Hitler
687257754	March 15, 1939	German troops attack Czechoslovakia
687257755	August 23, 1939	Hitler and Stalin sign the non-agression pact
687257756	September 1, 1939	German air forces rain bombs over Poland blitzkreig is first used
687257757	September 1939	Roosevelt gets Congress to pass "cash-and-carry" policy which allowedwarring nations to buy U.S. arms as long as they paid cash and transported them in their own ships
687257758	April 9, 1940	Hitler launched a suprise attack against Denmark and Norway
687257759	End of May, 1940	Hitler overran Netherlands, Luxembourg and Belgium
687257760	June 22, 1940	Hitler forces French officers to surrender
687257761	September 15, 1940	RAF shot down over 185 German planes and only lost 26 aircraft
687257762	November 9-10, 1938	Kristallnacht ("Night of Broken Glass") takes place
687257763	September 27, 1940	Germany, Italy and Japan signed a mutual defense treaty and become known as the Axis Powers
687257764	March 1941	Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act
687257765	June 1941	Hitler broke the Munich Agreement and invaded the Soviet Nazis begin mass murder of Jews
687257766	July 1, 1941	A. Phillip Randolph demands that war industries hire African Americans
687257767	September 1941	Roosevelt had U.S. warships attack German U-boats
687257768	November 5, 1941	Tojo ordered Japanese navy to prepare for an attack on the United States
687257769	December 7, 1941	Japan bombs Pearl Harbor
687257770	January 1942	Roosevelt creates the War Production Board in order to coordinate mobilization
687257771	January 20, 1942	Nazis develop the "final solution" for exerminating Jews
687257772	February 19, 1942	Japanese are sent to relocation centers
687257773	June 1942	In the Pacific, the Battle of the Midway turns the tide in favor of the Allies
687257774	Summer of 1943	Zoot-suit riots rock Los Angeles
687257775	May 13, 1943	Rommel's forces surrender in North Africa
687257776	June 6, 1944	Allies launch a massive invasion of Europe (D-Day)
687257777	June 22, 1944	GI Bill of Rights is passed
687257778	November 1944	FDR elected to a fourth term as president
687257779	March 1945	Allies take Iwo Jima
687257780	April 12, 1945	death of FDR; Truman becomes president
687257781	May 8, 1945	Germany surrenders Victory in Europe Day (V-E Day)
687257782	September 2, 1945	Japan formally surrenders after nuclear bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki

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The Great Depression & New Deal:1929-1939 Flashcards

The Great Depression

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548693979	October 29, 1929	"Black Tuesday". Marked as the beginning of the Great Depression when the stock market crashed
548693980	Mistakes by the Federal Reserve	Curtailed amount of money in circulation, raised interest rates. Made it harder for people to payback debts
548693981	Hawley Smoot Tariff	Raised tariff rates on commodities & manufactured goods to an all time high. This angered foreign governments who in turn raised their tariffs on US goods, so less were being exported
548693982	Maldistribution of wealth	While incomes rose, the income of the wealthy grew at a much higher rate than that of normal citizens. Coolidge administration contributed to that by lowering the taxes for the rich and the rich spent less of their income on consumer goods than regular citizens, there was less money in circulation
548693983	Herbert Hoover	A self-made Republican president who came into office just as the Depression hit. He believedin Associationaism and laissez-faire government policies
548693985	Reconstruction Finance Corporation	Made a lot of money available in loans to ailing banks and corporations on the condition that they build low cost housing and public works projects, but because of Hoover's reservations about the gov't's role, it was constrained from its full potential. When it ended it deepened the US debt dramatically
548740690	Hypocrisy of Hoover's politics	Because of laissez faire politics, he didn't give money to the poor, feed Arkansas farmers or fund Chicago teachers,but approved gov't assistance to banks, businesses, and loans
548740691	Bonus Army	A group of army veterans that marched to the capital to demand they get their compensation early. Hoover asked MacArthur to deal with them and his troops burned down their shacks, killing over 100
548740693	The Marx Brothers	In their films they ridiculed figures of authority and broke every rule of ethics. They delivered an escape to the audience while also delivering a somber political message
548740695	Eleanor Roosevelt	The wife of FDR and nursed him through polio. Became a vital partner to him and a liberal activist who transformed the role of the First Lady
548740696	Liberalism	A poltiical orientation that favors social progress by reform and by changing laws rather than revolution
548740697	The First New Deal	The legislation passed in FDR's first 100 days . 15 pieces to help many different people. Not all successful, but helped bring hope to the people
548740698	Fireside Chats	Roosevelt launched a series of public radio adresses and used them to "talk" to the American people abd give courage. Many Americans felt a great bond to him
548740699	Emergency Banking Act	First act that shut down all the banks first and made federal loans available to private bankers. It was fiscally conservative
548740700	Economy Act	Committed the government to balance th ebudget
548740701	FDIC	Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation that assured depositors that the gov't would protect up to $5000 of their savings
548740702	SEC	Securities and Exchanges Commission that enforced regulation of the New York Stock Exchange
548740703	CCC	Civilian Conservation Corps that put many men to work to plant trees, halt erosion and improve the environment
548740704	CWA	Civil Works Administration who put men to work thoruhg small scale government projects
548740705	NIRA	National Industrial Recovery Act that was supposed to curtail production and trigger economic recovery
548740706	AAA	Agricultural Adjustment Administration that began payin farmers to keep a portion of their land out of cultivation and reduce the size of their herds
548740707	Dust Bowl	With overproduction and no rain in Great Plains, an ecological disaster caused huge dust storms an many farmers uprooted and left
548740708	Okies	Farmers from Great Plains who migrated to california. Thhey became the symbol for what had gone wrong dwith the american dream.
548740709	NRA	National Recovery Administration that used persuasion and association to limit industrial production.
548740710	Public Works Administration	Was given money to sponsor internal improvements that would strengthen US infrastructure using labor to reduce unemployed.
548740711	Tennessee Valley Authority	Act that called for a different method than NRA, using government to promote economic development by building dams in the River Valley Area and developed industry there. Had a lot more authority than PWA
548740712	Huey Long	Louisiana Senator who criticized the New Deal's lack of helping normal citizens and called for a redistribution of wealth at the expense of the rich. A strong politician who was assasinated
548740713	Father Charles Coughlin	Critic of the new deal who spoke on the radio weekly.O riginally a supporter and called for government to compel labor and capital to do its bidding. His talks turned anti-semetic
548740714	National Union of Social Justice	Started by Coughlin and the precursor to a political third party but failed to generate enough support
548740715	Francis Townsend	A critic of the new deal. A california doctor who claimed the solution to the depression was the give each senior citizen a check a month with the condition that they spend it and help stimulate the economy. Led to Roosevelt's creation of Social Security
548740716	Labor Protest	After the industrial recovery act many labors joined unoins and wanted employers to abide by NRA regulations and when this failed they staged strikes, many turning violent
548740719	Goal of Second New Deal	To abolish the evil ways of companies and become more Populist, but FDR just wanted to control the public and turn it away from radical solutions and save Democracy
548740720	Keynesian Economics	Idea that by boosting consuer spending through government support, the money would stimulate the economy and gov't debt was needed
548740721	Social Securities Act	Part of the second new deal that required states to set up welfare funds to give money to the elderly, unemployed and single mothers and provided a foundation for welfare state
548740722	National Labor Relations Act	Delivered what NRA had only promised that gave every worker the right to join a union and employees had to bargain with the union.
548740724	White Supremacy in the New deal	Afraid to lose the support of white, southern Democrats, Roosevelt did not pass any laws to protect poor farmers, particularly black ones.
548740725	Men, Women & Reform	New Dealers, supporter of the New deal, worked to pass legislation to end child labor, set minimum wage and hours. It was a group of intellectuals who built a vision. There were Jews, Catholics and women. Men got most of the credit while women tended to work behind the scenes. Many men without jobs felt vulnerable and threatened by working women, feeling their position as breadwinner stripped. Some states even passed laws outlawing married women to work
548740727	John C. Lewis	Leader of the United Mine Workers Union and CIO. Wanted to create one giant union and channeled their effort into Roosevelt's reelection campaign which helped greatly
548740728	Woody Guthrie	A popular folk singer from Oklahoma who loved America and its people. Wrote "This Land is Your land" and inspired singers like Bob Dylan
548740730	Black Cabinet	Blacks who were appointed to important second level posts in Roosevelt's administration. They worked together to end discrimination through the NewDeal but Roosevelt refused to support them if it meant losing support by white southern Democrats
548740731	Mexican Americans	They suffered a lot as US government rounded up many of the illegal ones and sent them back to Mexico to give jobs back to "real Americans" even though some sent back were real citizens. Many retreated out of the public eye and their culture was broken up
548740732	American Indians	Originally they had their land split up individually so the US gov't could get their land and many lost their land and lived in poverty. Once Collier became head of BIA did he pressure CCC, AAA and other organizations to hire Native Americans and brought compensation
548740733	Court packing fiasco	Roosevelt tried to appoint new judges becase the others were all Republican judges and he didn't want them getting in the way of his New Deal. His arrogance angered previous NEw Deal supporters and his reputation suffered
763034388	How was world affected by crash?	Germany suffered as American investors propping up economy bailed
763034389	Causes of Great Depression	Agricultural problems Installment buying Uneven division of wealth Speculation Buying stocks on the margin
763034390	How did behavior of those who lived through Great Depression change?	Many were distrustful of banks and always payed amounts in full
763034391	Voluntarism	Hoover's solution to deal with Great Depression. Encouraged Americans to donate to charities
763034392	Effects of Bonus Army	Hoover's public reputation went down the drain
763034393	Second New Deal	Included more permanent acts like Social security & WPA More business friendly than first new deal
763034394	Hundred Days	FDR's first 100 days in office where he pushed a record number of legislation through congress
763034395	American Liberty League	Led by Al Smith. Staunch republicans who thought New Deal went too far
763034396	Congress of Industrial Organization	the CIO was a new labor union that included unskilled workers

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APUSH 1941-1960 Flashcards

SHS
APUSH 1941-1960

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684858257	Japanese internment	Roosevelt signed a document Feb. 19,1942 stating that all people of Japanese ancestry from California and parts of Washington, Oregon, and Arizona, needed to be removed. Put them in internment camps because of their fear for another attack by the Japanese. While approximately 10,000 were able to relocate to other parts of the country of their own choosing, the remainder-roughly 110,000 men women and children-were sent to hastly constructed camps called "War Relocation Centers" in remote portions of the nation's interior. After the Japanese were let out of the camps, a majority of them returned to the Pacific Coast. They began to start new lives and try to forget what happened. Many of them lost there land when they were brought to the camps, so when they returned they tried to regain what they had lost. In 1948, Congress agreed to pay for some of that property. They began by giving the Japanese-Americans less than ten cents for each dollar they had lost. By giving them back what they had lost was a beginning of saying "We're sorry." Also they started a civil liberties act stating "The Congress recognizes that, as described in the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, a grave injustice was done to both citizens and permanent residents of Japanese ancestry by the evacuation, relocation, and internment of civilians during World War II. Finally, the Japanese began to live a normal life, except many had trouble finding jobs and getting money loans. After years went by, they started farms and bought new houses. Others were damaged for life. This tragic event left different people, with different emotions. Many were killed and other wounded forever. Today many are suing to be paid back what their family lost.
684858258	Greensboro sit-ins	peaceful protest by black students against segregation at lunch counters. At segregated Woolworth's counter in Greensboro, NC, February of 1960 4 black college students from the NC Agricultural and Technical College staged a sit-in to protest the segregation in public places. Each day they sat down at whites only lunch counter, ordered foood, and naturally they were not served because they were not white, they sat waiting for the food that would not be served to them and refused to move.Each day, they came back with many more protesters. Sometimes, there were over 100. Led to the formation of the SNCC and sit-ins at Woolworth food counters across the country. Despite white harassment, it eventually led to the desegregation of lunch counters.
684858259	Julius and Ethel Rosenberg	The first U.S. civilians to be excecuted in 1953 for espionage. The engineer and his wife who were accused,of running an espionage ring in New York City that gave atomic secrets to the Soviet Union. The case and the execution were highly controversial. Later evidence has shown that Julius was definitely guilty, but doubts remain about Ethel.They are the only Americans ever executed during peacetime for espionage, as well as the only Americans to be given the death penalty for espionage. This is significant because this case caused many Americans to realize that the red-hunting situation had gone too far and also showed the role anti Semitism played in the red scare.
684858260	U-2 incident	occurred during the Cold War on 1 May 1960, during the presidency of Dwight Eisenhower and during the leadership of Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, when a United States U-2 spy plane was shot down over the airspace of the Soviet Union. The United States government at first denied the plane's purpose and mission, but then was forced to admit its role as a covert surveillance aircraft when the Soviet government produced its intact remains and surviving pilot, Francis Gary Powers, as well as photos of military bases in Russia taken by Powers. Coming roughly two weeks before the scheduled opening of an East-West summit in Paris, the incident was a great embarrassment to the United States and prompted a marked deterioration in its relations with the Soviet Union. The Four Power Paris Summit between president Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle collapsed, in large part because Eisenhower refused to accede to Khrushchev's demands that he apologize for the incident. Khrushchev left the talks on 16 May.
684858261	Marshall Plan	a plan ,named after Secretary of State George Marshall,for aiding the European nations in economic recovery after World War II in order to stabilize and rebuild their countries and prevent the spread of communism.The plan was in operation for four years beginning in April 1948. The goals of the United States were to rebuild a war-devastated region, remove trade barriers, modernize industry, and make Europe prosperous again It was one of the first elements of European integration, as it erased trade barriers and set up institutions to coordinate the economy on a continental level—that is, it stimulated the total political reconstruction of western Europe
684858262	Casablanca Conference	Jan. 14-23, 1943 -FDR and Chruchill met in Casablanca,Morocco to settle the future strategy of the Allies following the success of the North African campaign. They decided to launch an attack on Italy through Sicily before initiating an invasion into France over the English Channel. Also announced that the Allies would accept nothing less than Germany's unconditional surrender to end the war. Importaint because it showed they were not going to make any agreements with the axis. This agreement was also done to reassure the Soviets that the Allies would not make a separate peace with Hitler.
684858263	Dumbarton Oaks Conference	In a meeting near Washington, D.C., held from August 21 to October 7, 1944, U.S., Great Britain, U.S.S.R. and China met to draft the constitution of the United Nations.
684858264	Alger Hiss	American lawyer, civil servant, businessman, author and lecturer.U.S. State Department official involved in the establishment of the United Nations. He was accused of being a Soviet spy in 1948 and convicted of perjury in connection with this charge in 1950. The case was prosecuted by Richard Nixon. Couldn't be convicted of espionage because of the amount of time since the crime had been committed.
684858265	"long hot summers"	...
684858266	Henry Wallace	was the 33rd Vice President of the United States (1941-1945), the Secretary of Agriculture (1933-1940), and the Secretary of Commerce (1945-1946). In the 1948 presidential election, Wallace was the nominee of the Progressive Party. He was head of the progressive party, another faction that branched off from the dem party before the election of 1948; was a liberal democrat who were frustrated that truman's domestic policies were ineffective and were against his foreign anti-communist policies
684858267	baby boomers	The large group of people born in US from 1946-1964. During this period, about 76 million children born. US population rose 20%. Baby boom meant increased consumer demand and expanding economic growth 8: 1941-1960
684858268	Jack Kerouac	• 1922-69 • was a serious Roman Catholic, but also had extended interest in Buddhism • Wrote On the Road in 1957 which he described as two Catholic buddies searching for God • Also wrote Dharma Bums in 1958 which introduced a lot of people to Buddhism • Discussed in 3/26 lecture. Connected with the Beat Generation (postwar hipsters who prepared the way for hippies by writing spontaneous prose, doing drugs, practicing free love (including homosexuality) and renouncing obligations of home and the work place before the 60s. The media may have interpreted the term "beat" in negative terms ("beat down" or "beat up") but Kerouac insisted on a poor positive reading - "beatific." Kerouac was born in Lowell MA into a family of French-Canadian Catholics... came to Buddhism through Thoreau's Walden which inspired him to further explore Buddhism. He urged fellow Beats to "dig" the Buddha. Kerouac returned to Roman Catholicism at the end of his life, but Buddhism *Zen and Yogacara school) influenced many of his works. He wrote On the Road (1957) andDharma Bums (1958).
684858269	On the Road	1957, written by Jack Kerouac; the novel expressed the alienation and disillusionment of the Beat Generation of the 1950s; like other Beat Generation writers, Kerouac rejected middle-class conformity and materialism.
684858270	Little Rock School crisis	Governor Faubus sent the Arkansas National Guard to prevent nine Black students from entering Little Rock Central High School. Eisenhower sent in U.S. paratroopers to ensure the students could attend class.
684858271	GI Bill of Rights	Also known as Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 gave money to veternas to study in colleges, universities, gave medical treatment, loans to buy a house or farm or start a new business.
684858272	Jackie Robinson	The first African American player in the major league of baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans.
684858273	Korematsu v U.S.	1944 Supreme Court case which upheld FDR's 1942 executive order for teh evacuation of all Japanese-Americans on the West Coast into internment camps which operated until 1945
684858274	Montgomery bus boycott	December, 1955 - In Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat for a White man as required by city ordinance. It started the Civil Rights Movement and an almost nation-wide bus boycott lasting 11 months.
684858275	McCarthyism	became a synonym for public charges of disloyalty without sufficient regard for evidence The term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy who led the search for communists in America during the early 1950s through his leadership in the House Un-American Activities Committee.
684858276	Harry Truman	The 33rd U.S. president, who succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt upon Roosevelt's death in April 1945. Truman, who led the country through the last few months of World War II, is best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. After the war, Truman was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which greatly accelerated Western Europe's economic recovery.
684858277	Truman Doctrine	1947, President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey
684858278	Teheran Conference	the meeting of Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill between November 28 and December 1, 1943 in Tehran, Iran. It was the first World War II conference among the Big Three (the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom) in which Stalin was present
684858279	San Francisco Conference	1945-drafted the United Nations Charter and its origins lay in a 1942 "Declaration by the United Nations" issued by twenty‐six countries that had declared war against the Axis powers, and the 1943 Moscow Declaration by the United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and China calling for a new international organization to replace the League of Nations. Further planning occurred at the 1944 Dumbarton Oaks conference and a draft charter was prepared at the February 1945 Yalta conference. (50 nations came)
684858280	NSC 68	National Council Report 68 (NSC-68) was a 58-page top secret policy paper issued by the United States National Security Council on April 14, 1950, written by Paul Nitze, contrasting Kennan's view of containment. during the presidency of Harry S. Truman. It was one of the most significant statements of American policy in the Cold War. NSC-68 largely shaped U.S. foreign policy in the Cold War for the next 20 years, and involved a decision to make militarized Containment against Communist expansion a high priority. The strategy outlined in NSC-68 arguably achieved ultimate victory with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the subsequent emergence of a "new world order" centered on American liberal-capitalist values alone. Truman officially signed NSC-68 on September 30, 1950. Spending on defense tripled.
684858281	Youngstown Sheet and Tube v Sawyer	during the Korean War, President Truman issued an executive order directing Secretary of Commerce Charles Sawyer to seize and operate most of the nation's steel mills. the Court found that there was no congressional statute that authorized the President to take possession of private property. The Court also held that the President's military power as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces did not extend to labor disputes.
684858282	Douglas MacArthur	(1880-1964), U.S. general. Commander of U.S. (later Allied) forces in the southwestern Pacific during World War II, he accepted Japan's surrender in 1945 and administered the ensuing Allied occupation. He was in charge of UN forces in Korea 1950-51, before being forced to relinquish command by President Truman.
684858283	Sputnik	October, 1957 .First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race.
684858284	beat generation	50s.The Beat Generation is a term used to describe both a group of American writers who came to prominence in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and the cultural phenomena that they wrote about and inspired (later sometimes called "beatniks"). The members of the Beat Generation quickly developed a reputation as new bohemian hedonists, who celebrated non-conformity and spontaneous creativity.
684858285	Eisenhower Doctrine	1957 Eisenhower proposed and obtained a joint resolution from Congress authorizing the use of U.S. military forces to intervene in any country that appeared likely to fall to communism. The doctrine stated that the United States would use armed forces upon request in response to imminent or actual aggression to the United States. Furthermore, countries that took stances opposed to Communism would be given aid in various forms. Used in the Middle East.
684858286	Servicemen's Readjustment Act	1944 A government legislation designed to solve the problem of what the 15 million soldiers would do once they got back home. It allowed all servicemen to have free college education once they returned from the war, and it created the Veterans Administration allowing them to take out loans.
684858287	New Frontier	The campaign program advocated by JFK in the 1960 election. President John F. Kennedy's legislative program, which included proposals to provide medical care for the elderly, to rebuild blighted urban areas,to aid education to bolster the national defense, to increase international aid, and to expand the space program.
684858288	Federal Highway Act	1956-largest public works project in the United States history; Eisenhower signed the law, which built over 40,000 miles of highways in the United States at a cost of $25 billion and created the interstate highway system; ostensibly to create routes for moving military supplies and for emergency evacuation in case of nuclear attack. The highway system made coast-to-coast driving a more common occurrence, and car-oriented vacations became a reality. - The growth of interstate highways allowed for a demographic shift as people vacationed, visited, and moved to areas in the south and southwest—the Sunbelt, from Florida through the deep South, all the way through Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.
684858289	Employment Act of 1946	Towards the end of the war, Truman urged Congress to enact a series of progressive measures, including national health insurance, an increase in the minimum wage, and a bill to commit the U.S. government to maintaining full employment. After much debate, the watered-down version of the bill was enacted. It created the Council of Economic Advisers to counsel both the president and Congress on means of promoting national economic welfare
684858290	Brown v Board of Education	1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.
684858291	Fair Deal	An economic extension of the New Deal proposed by Harry Truman that called for higher minimum wage, housing and full employment. It led only to the Housing Act of 1949 and the Social Security Act of 1950 due to opposition in congress.
684858292	containment	a U.S. foreign policy adopted by President Harry Truman in the late 1940s, in which the United States tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weak countries to resist Soviet advances
684858293	Yalta Conference	February, 1945 - (the Big Three)Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta to make final war plans, arrange the post-war fate of Germany, and discuss the proposal for creation of the United Nations as a successor to the League of Nations. They announced the decision to divide Germany into three post-war zones of occupation, although a fourth zone was later created for France. Russia also agreed to enter the war against Japan, in exchange for the Kuril Islands and half of the Sakhalin Peninsula.
684858294	United Nations	is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace. The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue.
684858295	Berlin Airlift	An operation carried out by U.S. and British troops to provide supplies to the 2.5 million people in West Berlin now that Stalin had closed the supply routes. This kept the Western powers from being forced to abandon the city in Communist hands. For 15 months, food, fuel, and other supplies were continually delivered, and the Soviets opened their blockade in mid-1949.
684858296	George Kennan	an American advisor, diplomat, political scientist, and historian, best known as "the father of containment" and as a key figure in the emergence of the Cold War.He was the US ambassador to Russia, notified Truman of Soviet ambitions to expand empire and overthrow other political forces; established concern for Soviet policy in Eastern Europe, Germany, and the Middle East He later wrote standard histories of the relations between Russia and the Western powers.
684858297	Korean War	World War II divided Korea into a Communist, northern half and an American-occupied southern half, divided at the 38th parallel. The Korean War (1950-1953) began when the North Korean Communist army crossed the 38th Parallel and invaded non-Communist South Korea. As Kim Il-sung's North Korean army, armed with Soviet tanks, quickly overran South Korea, the United States came to South Korea's aid. General Douglas MacArthur, who had been overseeing the post-WWII occupation of Japan, commanded the US forces which now began to hold off the North Koreans at Pusan, at the southernmost tip of Korea. Although Korea was not strategically essential to the United States, the political environment at this stage of the Cold War was such that policymakers did not want to appear "soft on Communism." Nominally, the US intervened as part of a "police action" run by a UN (United Nations) international peace- keeping force; in actuality, the UN was simply being manipulated by US and NATO anti-Communist interests. MacArthur crushed the North Korean army in a pincer movement and recaptured Seoul, the capital of South Korea. Instead of being satisfied with his rapid reconquest of South Korea, MacArthur crossed the 38TH Parallel and pursued the North Korean army all the way to the northernmost provinces of North Korea. Afraid that the US was interested in taking North Korea as a base for operations against Manchuria, the People's Republic of China secretly sent an army across the Yalu River. Truman fired MacArthur, and the fighting raged on for another two years. Only after Eisenhower, who was a war hero and was unafraid of Republican criticism (since he himself was a Republican), became President, could the US make substantial concessions to the Communists. In 1953 a peace treaty was signed at Panmunjom that ended the Korean War, returning Korea to a divided status essentially the same as before the war. Neither the war nor its outcome did much to lessen the era's Cold War tension.
684858298	NATO	North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries created in 1949.
684858299	Taft-Hartley Act	1947 - Senator Robert A. Taft co-authored the labor-Management Relations Act with new Jersey Congressman Fred Allan Hartley, Jr. The act amended the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 and imposed certain restrictions of the money and power of labor unions, including a prohibition against mandatory closed shops. giving the president power to halt major strikes by seeking a court injunction and permitting states to forbid requirements in labor contracts that force workers to join a union It was seen as a means of demobilizing the labor movement by imposing limits on labor's ability to strike and by prohibiting radicals from their leadership. The law was promoted by large business lobbies including the National Association of Manufacturers. Arguably, the controversial act also helped President Harry Truman get reelected, given that the act galvanized labor unions into opposing Republicans.
684858300	National Defense Education Act	Passed in response to Sputnik, it provided an oppurtunity and stimulus for college education for many Americans. To help ensure that highly trained individuals would be available to help America compete with the Soviet Union in scientific and technical fields, the NDEA included support for loans to college students, the improvement of science, mathematics, and foreign language instruction in elementary and secondary schools, graduate fellowships, foreign language and area studies, and vocational-technical training.
684858301	Ralph Bunche	This African American diplomat was Assistant Secretary General of the United Nations. He worked to bring peace to the Middle East in the 1940s.
684858302	dynamic conservatism	Eisenhower's philosophy of being liberal in all things human and being conservative with all things fiscal. Appealed to both Republicans and Democrats; balancing economic conservatism with some activism.
692391108	warsaw pact	treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. (In response to NATO)

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The Age Of Jackson Flashcards

the age of Jackson crossword

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751156000	Chief Justice John Marshall sided with these people in their dispute against Georgia that they be able to rule themselves	Cherokee
751156001	Sorrowful trek the Cherokee people made to the great plains that resulted in many deaths came to be known as this	Trail Of Tears
751156002	Resigned before his term as Vice President ended and became a senator from South Carolina.	Calhoun
751156003	Jackson said this must be preserved in a toast.	Union
751156004	Leave the union	Secede
751156005	Provided Funds for the government to remove Native Americans from the eastern united states	Indian Removal Act
751156006	Jackson Believed Native Americans should give up their lands to these people	settlers
751156007	Jackson's wife	Rachel
751156008	Tax on imported goods	tariff
751162856	The belief that and individual state may restrict federal authority	States Rights
751162857	Hard cash in the form of gold or silver	species
751162858	symbol of the 1940 Whig campaign which was a SHAM! Harrison grew up in 16-room mansion on 3000 acres!	Log cabin
751174588	The voice of the west! he won people over quickly with his quick wit and charm	Henry Clay
751337182	The practice of handing out political jobs to friends	Spoils system
751337183	Native Americans tribe in Florida that refused to sign treaties or give up lands	Seminole
751337184	Because of panic of 1837, many families in the north became ______ after factories closed.	Homeless
751337185	Tippecanoe and ______ too.	Tyler
751337186	President of the bank of the United States and personal rival of Jackson.	Nicholas Biddle
751337187	Southerners were unhappy about congress' tariff on foreign because they felt it forced them to buy from manufactures in the _______ .	North
752097287	Independent; able to rule oneself	sovereign
752097288	Who was Jackson talking about when he said "he had made his ruling. now let him enforce it!"	John Marshall
752097289	the right of states to declare federal laws illegal	nullification
752097290	8th president	Martin Van Buren
752097291	a group of personal friends who advised Jackson and entered the white house through the kitchen door	Kitchen Cabinet
752097292	Jackson was known for having a terrible one of these	temper
752097293	Jackson's supporters believed he represented the ________.	Common man
752097294	Harrison caught a cold and died shortly after giving his_______.	Inauguration speech
752097295	this political party traces its roots to Jackson	democrat
752097296	political party that opposed Jackson	whigs
752097297	closed political meetings held to nominate people for elected offices	caucus
752097298	hero of the battle of Tippecanoe	William Henry Harrison
752097299	right to vote	suffrage
752097300	voice of the north! hated the idea of states rights and defended the constitution in a 2 day speech ending with "liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable"	Daniel Webster
752097301	the hardships of the frontier life had taught her people the value of _____and hard work.	cooperation
752097302	before Jacksons time, only white male ____ owners made decisions about the government	property
752097303	the indian territory where the government sent native americans was located in present day ________	Oklahoma
752097304	the country faced this type of crisis 3 months after Van Buren took office because land prices went up and people couldn't pay debs	economics

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GMAT Geometry Flashcards

GMAT

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444926792	how to eliminate answers on geometry questions	many geometry problems come complete with a diagram drawn to scale. Most people get so caught up in solving a geometry problem geometrically that they forget to look at the diagram to see whether the answer is reasonable. Simply using approximations size based on the diagram can help you eliminate answers.
444926793	Basic tools to eliminate answers in geometry questions	memorize the following approximations: pie approximately equals 3 Square root of one equals one Square root of two approximately equals 1.4 Square root of three approximately equals 1.7
444926794	three-important notes on geometry problems	1. Diagrams in questions the problem often format a bead on the scale unless otherwise indicated, but they are not all on the same scale . Diagrams marked not on the scale cannot be measured. In fact, the drawings of these problems often purposely misleading the I. 3. Drawings in questions using the data sufficiency format that are not drawn to scale. They cannot be estimated with your I were with you
444926795	what should I do if there is no diagram?	Draw a diagram. The first thing you should do with any geometry problem that does not have a diagram is to sketch it out scratch booklet. And when you draw the diagram, try to brought scale that way be in a position to estimate.
444926796	The 180° part one	when you see a geometry problem that asked about angles, always looked to see if angles add up one line which tells you that the will of the angles is 180°. This is often the starting point on the road the solution. The test writers like to construct problems in such a way that it is very easy to miss
444926797	degrees and angles	there are 360 degrees in a circle an angle is formed when two line segments extend from a common point. If you think of that point is the center of the circle the measure of the angle is the number of degrees enclosed by the lions when they passed the edge of the circle. A line is just a 180° angle If a line is cut by another line each angle be aided will add up to 180° Two lines in the same plane are said to be parallel if they extend infinitely in both directions without touching. When two parallel lines are cut by a third line there appear to be eight different angle measurements but there are really only two. If two lines intersect in such a way that one line is per particular the other all the angles formed will be 90° angles. These are also known as right angle.
444926798	What is a triangle?	A triangle is a three sided figure that contains three interior angles. The interior angles of a triangle always add up to 180°
444926799	the 180° rule part two	when a question involving angles has a triangle or several triangles in it, remember that the interior angles of a tribal at up to 180°. Apply that rule in every possible way you can. It is the one of the things that the writers love to test most
444926800	what is an equal lateral triangle?	An equilateral triangle has three sides that are equal in length. Because the angles opposite equal sides are also equal, all three angles in an equilateral triangle are equal
444926801	what is an isosceles triangle?	An isosceles triangle has two sides that are equal in length. The angles opposite the two equal sides are also equal
444926802	what is a right triangle?	A right triangle has one interior angle that is equal to 90°. The longest side of a right triangle the one opposite the 90° angle is called the hypotenuse
444926803	everything else you need to know about triangles	1 the sides of the triangle are in the same proportion as its angles. The longest side is opposite the largest angle. 2 one side of a triangle can never be longer than the sum of the lengths of the other two sides of a triangle, or less than their difference. 3 the perimeter of a triangle is the sum of of the lengths of its three sides 4 the area of a triangle is equal to height multiplied by base divided by two. By definition the base and eight must be perpendicular to each other 5 don't expect triangles to be right side up 6 in a right triangle the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides. This is called the Pythagorean theorem.
444926804	More everything you need to know about triangles	7 a right isosceles triangle always has proportions in the ratio side: side: side square root of two. 8 the second special right triangle is called the 30 6090 right triangle. The ratio between the lengths of the sides in a 30 6D 90 triangle is constant. If you know the length of any of the sides, you can find the lengths of the others.the ratio of the sides is always x: x times square root of 3:2 times x.
444926805	what is a chord?	a chord is a line connecting any two points on a circle.
444926806	what is the radius?	The distance from the center of a circle to any point on the circle is called radius
444926807	what is the diameter?	The distance from one point on the circle through the center of the circle to another point on the circle. The diameter is equal to twice the radius.
444926808	What is an arc?	And are is the rounded portion of a circle between points connected
444926809	what is the area of a circle?	The area of a circle is equal to high or pi r squared
444926810	what is the circumference?	these circumference is the length of the entire outer edge of the circle. It is equal to 2 pi r or or pi D
444926811	what is a semi circle?	A circle cut in half by a diameter is called a semi circle
444926812	what is and inscribed triangle?	A triangle is said to be inscribed inside a semi circle when one of its sides is the diameter of the circle itself, with the two other sides meeting at any point on the circle. A triangle inscribed inside a semi circle is always a right triangle.
444926813	What is a quadrilateral?	A quadrilateral is a four sided figure. The perimeter of any four sided object is the sum of the lengths of its sides.
444926814	What is a rectangle?	A rectangle is a quadrilateral whose for interior angles are equal to 90°. Opposite sides of a rectangle are always equal. The area of a rectangle is length times width.
444926815	What is a square?	A square is a rectangle whose four sides are all equal in length. The perimeter of a square is there for just four times the length of one side. The area of a square is the length of one of its sides squared.
444926816	What is a parallelogram?	A parallelogram is a quadrilateral in which the two pairs of opposite sides are parallel to each other and equal to each other, and in which opposite angles are equal to each other. A rectangle is a parallelogram. The area of a parallelogram equals base times height.
444926817	What is the volume of the rectangular solid?	it is equal to the area of the rectangle times the depth of the solid. another way to think of it is length times width times depth
444926818	what is the volume of a cube?	The volume of a cube is length times width times depth. in the case of a cube the length the width and depth are all the same so the volume of a cube is always the length of any side cubed
444926819	what is the volume of a cylinder?	The volume of a cylinder is equal to the area of the circular base times the depth
444926820	surface area of a solid	surface area is just the sum of the areas of all the two-dimensional outer surfaces of the object. For example the surface area of a rectangle or solid is the sum of the areas of the solids six bases.
444926821	Coordinate geometry intro	a coordinate plane lets you plot outlines and objects in two dimensions. The resulting wine is called the X axis. The vertical line is called the Y axis. The axes divide the plane into four quadrants. every point on the plane has an ordered pair of numbers X, Y that described it. You simply just count over to get the points
444926822	what is the equation of a line?	Any straight line on this plane can be described by the equation Y equals MX + B where B is the Y intercept, the point at which the line crosses the Y access, and letter M is the slope of the line and letter acts and Y are the coordinates of some point on that line. Slope is the measure of steepness of the line, and defines whether the line is diagonal, horizontal, or vertical, and to what degree
444926823	how do you calculate slope?	Slope equals the difference in the Y coordinate divided by the difference in the X coordinates

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