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GACS lclab US History Fall Final Review - Unit 5 Flashcards

GACS lclab- US History Fall Final Review - Unit 5 - Chapters 13 through 16

50634042	Thomas Edison	Inventor; developed the light bulb, phonograph, and hundreds of other inventions in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
50634043	Alexander Graham Bell	Inventor; developed the telephone in 1876; one of the founders of American Telephone and Telegraph Company (ATT)
50634044	John D. Rockefeller	Standard Oil, gave millions of dollars to charity, set buildings on fire
50634045	Andrew Carnegie	Industrialist who made a fortune in steel in the late 1800s through vertical consolidation; as a philanthropist, he gave away some $350 million
50634046	J. P. Morgan	banker who created U. S. Steel Corporation, which controlled about 60% of steel business
50634047	Terence Powderly	former machinist who lead the knights of labor
50634048	Samuel Gompers	Formed and led the American Federation of Labor (AFL), a craft union
50634049	Harry Bessemer	developed new process for making steel.1856 patent for bessemer process. made steel much easier and cheaper to remove impurities.
50634050	Eugene V. Debs	Leader of the American Railway Union, involved in Pullman Strike of 1894.
50634051	George A. Custer	General who directed army attacks against Native Americans in the 1870's; killed in 1876 at Little Bighorn in Montana.
50634052	Sitting Bull	Leader of Sioux Indians in clashes with United States Army in Black Hills in 1870's.
50634053	Frederick Jackson Turner	Historian who wrote an essay in 1893 emphasizing the western frontier as a powerful force in the formation of the American character
50634054	Jane Addams	cofounder of the Hull House, the first settlement house, in 1889, remained active in social causes through the eary 1900's.
50634055	William Jennings Bryan	Advocate of silver standard and proponent of democratic and populist views from the 1890s through the 1910s; democratic presidential candidate 1896, 1900 and 1908.
50634056	Jacob Riis	Reformer wrote "How the Other Half Lives;" describing the livesof poor immigrants.
50634057	Charles Guiteau	American lawyer, assassinated U.S president James A. Garfield on July 2, 1881
50634058	Josiah Strong	Congregationalist minister who believed that Anglo-Saxon and Germanic people were superior toward those socities they conquered
50634059	Jacob Coxey	Populist who led Coxey's Army in a march on Washington DC in 1894 to seek government jobs for the unemployed.
50634060	Rutherford B. Hayes	19th President of the United States, 1877-1881. Promised to withdraw Union troops from the south...
50634061	Grover Cleveland	22nd and 24th president of the United States 1885-1889 and 1893-1897. Supported railroad regulation and a return to the gold standard.
50634062	William M. Tweed	Boss of Tammany Hall political machine in New York City; convicted of forgery and larceny in 1873 and died in jail in 1878.
50634063	Thomas Nast	German immigrant who was a political cartoonist targeting boss William Marcy Tweed.
50634064	Anthony Comstock	1873 Purity Crusader who founded the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice. Comstock Law prohibited sending of obscene material through the mail
50634065	Booker T. Washington	African American leader from the late 1800's until his death in 1915; founded Tuskegee Institute in Alabama; encouraged African Americans to learn trades.
50634066	W.E.B. Du Bois	Disliked Booker T. Washington because of different perspectives on African American Education. African American scholar and leader in early 1900's; encouraged African Americans to attend colleges to develop leadership skills.
50634067	William F. Cody	Created popular Wild West shows in 1883.
50634068	Horatio Alger, Jr.	Magazine writer; characters embodies the American dream of "rags to riches."
50634069	Frederick Winslow Taylor	tried to improve worker efficiency in a steel plant. Formed foundation for an entire system for management of workers. Wrote the Principles of Scientific Management.
50634070	Jim Crow	statutes that required segregation by race for public services.
50634071	Pendleton Act	1883 law that created a civil service commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons.
50634072	Sherman Act	Law passed by congress in 1890 that outlawed any combination of companies that restrained interstate trade or commerce.
50634073	Interstate Commerce Act	1887 law passed to regulate railroad and other interstate businesses
50634074	Hull House	Settlement House/Center for community activity in Chicago offering cultural events, classes, crafts etc.
50634075	In His Steps	bestselling book written by Charles Monroe Sheldon about a man who challenges his church to not do anything without first asking what would Jesus do
50634076	Cross of Gold	famous speech by Williams Jennings Bryan
50634077	Gospel of Wealth	Andrew Carnegie's philosphy that poverty could be fixed by philanthropy
50634078	Credit Mobilizer	scandal where politicians were paid off using federal money intended for railroad expansion
50634079	Atlanta Compromise	a "mocking name of Booker T. Washington's speech" by W.E.B. Du Bois (Washington's speech called for hard work and that no race will prosper till it learns that there is as much "dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem.")
50634080	Sand Creek Massacre	Black Kettle and other Indian chiefs agreed to camp at Sand Creek because they were promised protection. Colonel John Chivington took advantage of there situation and with 700 men, slaughtered between 150 and 500 people, mostly women and children.

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US History WW2 Set Flashcards

This set is to be used for the World War 2 lesson in US History for the closed notes portion of the test

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708788832	Pearl Harbor	7:50-10:00 AM, December 7, 1941 - Surprise attack by the Japanese on the main U.S. Pacific Fleet harbored in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii destroyed 18 U.S. ships and 200 aircraft. American losses were 3000, Japanese losses less than 100. In response, the U.S. declared war on Japan and Germany, entering World War II.
708788833	All Americans Faught	1,000,000 African Americans served in the military 300,000 Mexican-Americans 33,000 Japanese Americans 25,000 Native Americans 13,000 Chinese Americans
708788834	World War II Scientific Discoveries	sonar penicillin pesticides
708788835	Manhattan Project	code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II
708788836	War Production Board	During WWII, FDR established it to allocated scarce materials, limited or stopped the production of civilian goods, and distributed contracts among competing manufacturers
708788837	Battle of the Atlantic	Germany's naval attempt to cut off British supply ships by using u-boats. Caused Britain and the US to officially join the war after their ships were sunk. After this battle, the Allies won control of the seas, allowing them to control supply transfer, which ultimately determined the war. 1939-1945
708788838	Battle of Stalingrad	a 1942-1943 battle of World War II, in which German forces were defeated in their attempt to capture the city of Stalingrad in the Soviet Union thanks to harsh winter --> turning point of war in Eastern Europe
708788839	Dwight Eisenhower	leader of the Allied forces in Europe during WW2--leader of troops in Africa and commander in DDay invasion-elected president
708788840	Italian Campaign	The allied campaign to take Italy. It took 18 months, from 1943-1944. Italy surrendered after many beach landings and other dangerous tactics.
708788841	Tuskegee Airman	Unit of African American pilots that fought in World War II; got more awards then any other unit.
708788842	D-Day	June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II.
708788843	Battle of the Bulge	Hitler's last offensive - meant to stop Allied invasion; occurs in Belgian forests, allies win and get into Germany.
708788844	Fate of Hitler	suicide
708788845	V-E Day	May 8, 1945; Victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered
708788846	Fate of FDR	did not live to see V-E Day On April 12, 1945, he suffered a stroke and died- his VP Harry S Truman became the nation's 33rd president
708788847	Battle of Coral Sea	A battle between Japanese and American naval forces that stopped the Japanese advance on Australia.
708788848	Battle of Midway	U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II.
708788849	Island Hopping	The American navy attacked islands held by the Japanese in the Pacific Ocean. The capture of each successive island from the Japanese brought the American navy closer to an invasion of Japan.
708788850	Iwo Jima	United States fought for and captured this Pacific Island; the battle produced some of the fiercest fighting in the Pacific Campaign of World War II; major island in island hopping campaign
708788851	Battle for Okinawa	Japan's last defensive outpost, 1,900 kamakazie pilots used in this battle, ends on June 22nd 1945. It was used as a forecast for what an invasion of the mainland would be like.
708788852	Fatman, Little Boy	the two atomic bombs dropped on Japan
708788853	Hiroshima	City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II.
708788854	Nagasaki	site of 2nd Atomic Bomb, killing 40,000+ Japanease citizens
708788855	Firebombing of Tokyo	US bombed tokyo, Tokyo was destroyed badly and 80,000 civilians died and along of 65 other cities were destroyed.
708788856	V-J Day	"Victory over Japan day" is the celebration of the Surrender of Japan, which was initially announced on August 15, 1945
708788857	Yalta Conference	FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War
708788858	Nuremberg War Trials	a series of trials in 1945 and 1946 in Nuremberg, Germany, in which an international military tribunal convicted former Nazi leaders of war crimes
708788859	Douglas MacArthur	Commanded Allied troops in the Pacific during World War II. He was forced to surrender the Philippines in 1941 and was thereafter obsessed with its recapture, which he accomplished in 1944. He later commanded the American occupation of Japan and United Nations troops in the Korean War.
708788860	Harry Truman	Became president when FDR died; gave the order to drop the atomic bomb
708788861	GI Bill	law passed in 1944 to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher educations
708788862	Japanese Internment	Roosevelt signed a document Feb. 19,1942 stating that all people of Japanese ancestry from California and parts of Washington, Oregon, and Arizona, needed to be removed. Put them in internment camps because of their fear for another attack by the Japanese.
708788863	Marshall Plan	A plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe.

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US History 106 Exam 1 Flashcards

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35640712	sharecropper system	white landowners allowed former slaves to plant on their land they would get 20-30%
35640713	black codes	rules and regulations to discriminate the former slaves
35640714	13 amendment	no more slavery
35640715	14 amendment	gives due process of law
35640716	15 amendment	gives the black man the right to vote
35640717	civil rights act	blacks cannot be discriminated in public facilities
35640718	freedmens bureau	helped the former slaves get land
35640719	compromise of 1877	tilden v. hayes there was this big dispute who had won the presidency. the democrats said they had won and the republicans said they had won. Tilden had won the popular vote. Set the electoral commission that would determine which party would win and agreed that Hayes wins Democrats accepted if they could get control of the south
35640720	jim crow	system of laws that discriminate against african american
35640721	Plessy vs Ferguson	Plessy ferguson was a man who was 1/8 black and one day decided to sit in the white only part of the train he was arrested and tried this was the seperate but equal ruling
35640722	homestead act	gave farmers public land if they worked on it for 5 years and then it would become yours
35640723	morrill act	set up land grants for insititutions
35640724	hatch act	set up agricultrual experiment stations
35640725	cyrus mccormick	set up the reaper made farming more easier
35640726	oliver kelly	he established the grange
35640727	the grange	was established for social purposes but it was also established to help the farmers by asking to regulate railroad fees
35640728	populists	they emerged after the farmers alliances to form this party they were farmers the working man
35640729	populist platform	unlimited coinage of silver, flexible currency system controlled by the govt, 8 hr workday, postal service, public ownership of land, secret ballot for vote, referendum and recall, direct election of senators
35640730	Mary Lease	known for her work with the populist party
35640731	panic of 1893	unemployment rose railroad wents bankrupt
35640732	coxeys army	wealthy man who called himself general he said that building roads to connect states will put the unemployed to work and he went to washington to state what he thought he arrived with a big group of people and he was sent to jail
35640733	Williams j bryan	traveled the counry candidate 1896 election cross of gold speech
35640734	1896 election	bryan vs mckingley bryan went around the country to get peoples vote while mckingley avoided the issues
35640735	significance of 1896 election	old vs new politics and there was a change in republicans and democrats
35640736	what were the foundations for expansionism	trade social religious intellectual social darwinism
35640737	turner	he talked about a safety valve that the frontier was and that led americans to become successful
35640738	josiah strong	missionary that said that we are our brothers keepers and that we should help Christianize
35640739	last american frontier	people wanted to expand the frontier
35640740	federick johnson turner	said that there was no frontier and that frontier changed
35640741	giddeons international	bible more and more misssionarys went overseas
35640742	mahan	wrote the influence of power that navys are essential cause they help you defend your nation and increase national prosperity
35640743	hawaii	king dies and queen liliuckalan step in and disbands the legislators because it is dominated by americans
35640744	dole	he started the revolt against the hawaiian natives he requested to become part of the states dole proclaimed independence he wanted to be part of the union but the president at the time refused
35640745	spanish american war	cuba was fighting spain for its independence and this general weyler was sent to stop the insurrection and this leads to yellow journalism
35640746	general weyler	he put the cubans in concentration camps
35640747	hearst and pulitzer	sensationlized storys of what was really going on during the war
35640748	delome letter	the spanish prime minister wrote a letter that pres mckingley was weak
35640749	uss maine	exploded and it was blamed on the spanish led people to believe that they wanted war
35640750	reed	vaccination for yellow fever
35640751	peace of paris	gave cuba philipines puerto rico guam hawaii samoa
35640752	philipines ordeal	there was a big debate whether america should give back the filipinos their independence pro-wanted to christianize them and business opportunities and con they were not white there are going to be costs
35640753	triangle factory	fire in ny where women died because there was no fire code the building caught fire the ladder that they used would not even reach where the women were stuck
35640754	the muckrakers	journalists novelists historians who revealed the problems of society
35640755	lincoln steffens	uc berkely graduate who wrote the shame of cities
35640756	lafollette	took considerable control from the corrupt corporations and returned it to the people. he was the governor of wisconsin
35640757	addams	hull house established settlement houses that took care of immigrants
35640758	roosevelt	square deal conservationalism trust bustin executive power
35640759	hepburn act	regulated rr consequently helped 60% of americans
35640760	coal strike	roosevelt negotiated with the owner and miners
35640761	taft	was just liek roosevelt did more trustbusting
35640762	elkins act	dealt with rr regulation it strengthened the ability
35640763	16 amendment	personal income tax
35640764	17 amendment	direct election of senators
35640765	mann act	prohibited the transportation of women across the state lines for prostitution
35640766	clayton antitrust act	can only be on one board
35640767	federal trade commission	stopped the fake claims on ads
35640768	federal reserve board	reserve note national banks join fed to set up interest rates
35640769	estate tax	affects richest 2 percent 'death tax' during war
35640770	18	prohibition
35640771	harrison act	setup of antinarcotics control
35641197	barton	jesus is a young aggressive executive
35641198	billy sunday	fundalmentalist felt bible should be taken literally
35641199	bonus march	the veterans wanted their money they were intervened with the army

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AP Physics B Formulas Flashcards

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377213981	The three kinematics equations	Vf=Vi+ at Vf²=Vi² +2ad d=1/2 a t² +vit
377213982	Simple force equation	F=ma
377213983	On an inclined plane, gravity in the x	Fgx=FgCosθ
377213984	On an inclined plane, gravity in the y	Fgy=FgSinθ
377213985	Period for circular motion	T=2πr/v
377213986	Centripetal acceleration	a=v²/r
377213987	Centripetal force	f=mv²/r
377213988	Critical speed is	Ft=0
377213989	On a banked curve in circular motion, Fn in the x is	Fnx=FnSinθ
377213990	On a banked curve in circular motion, Fn in the y is	Fny=FnCosθ
377213991	Banked curve, sum of the forces in the x	Fx=mv²/r=FnSinθ
377213992	Banked curve, sum of the forces in the y	Fy=FnCosθ-Fg
377213993	Magnitude of gravitational forces between objects	F=Gm1m2/r²
377213994	Work, simple formula	W=Fd=mad, direction of force must be same as direction of distance
377213995	Kinetic energy	KE=1/2mv²
377213996	Potential energy	PE=mgh
377213997	Net work	W=KEf-KEi
377213998	Power, simple formula (mechanics)	P=W/T=FD/T=FV
377213999	hookes law	F=kx
377214000	PE of a spring	PE=1/2kx²
377214001	Momentum	P=mv (Kg m/s) or (N s)
377214002	Impulse	J=∆vm=F∆t
377214003	Elastic collision	billiard balls, no sticking total energy is conserved
377214004	Vectors in momentum	px and py are conserved
377214005	torque	t=Fr, force must be perpendicular to the moment arm and the axis of rotation
377214006	r in torque	moment arm, perpendicular distance from the force to the axis of rotation
377214007	Positive torque	counterclockwise
377214008	negative torque	clockwise
377214009	Period for a spring in simple harmonic motion	T=2π√m/k
377214010	Period for a pendulum in simple harmonic motion	T=2π√l/g
377214011	Energy of gravitational attraction	Ug= Gm1m2/r
377214012	simple density formula	rho=m/v
377214013	specific gravity	SG=rho object/10³
377214014	Pressure (2 formulas)	P=F/A=rho(g)h
377214015	Change in pressure	∆P=rho(g)∆h
377214016	Force buoyancy (2 formulas)	Fb=mf g= rhof Vf g
377214017	Net force/apparent weight in forces	Fnet=Fb-Fg
377214018	Net force/apparent weight broken done	Fnet=rhofluid vfluid g -rho object vobject g where the volumes are usually equal
377214019	Pascals principle	Pin=Pout=Fin/Ain=Fout/Aout
377214020	Absolute pressure	P=Patm + rho g h
377214021	Continuity equation [Conservation of mass]	A1V1=A2V2
377214022	Bernoulli's Equation [Conservation of energy]	P1atm + 1/2rhoV1² + rhogh= P2atm + 1/2rhoV2² + rhogh
377214023	Thermal expansion	∆L=(coefficient of linear expansion)αLinitial∆T
377214024	ideal gas laws (2)	PV=nRT PV=N (# of molecules)kb (bozons constant)T
377214025	standard pressure and temperature and pressure	273K and 1.013E5 pa
377214026	Average kinetic energy	Kavg=(3/2)kbT
377214027	vrms (2 equations)	√3kT/m [mass per molecule] √3RT/M [molar mass]
377214028	Basic thermo equation	∆U=Q + W heat added= heat + work
377214029	W	W is positive when work is done on the system, compression W is negative when work is done by the system, expansion
377214030	Isothermal process	Temperature is constant ∆U=0 -Q=W
377214031	Adiabatic process	∆U=W no heat added system (Q=0)
377214032	isobaric process	Pressure is constant ∆P=0 w=-P∆V
377214033	isovolumetric/isochoric	∆v=0 w=0 area under the curve is zero
377262615	Engines (2 equations)	QH=QL +W and e=W/QH
377262616	Carnot engine	Adiabatic and isothermal processes ec= TH-TL/
377262617	Couloms law (force between two charged objects)	F=kQ1Q2/r² BREAK INTO VECTORS
377262618	Electric field intensity	E=F/q (point charge)=KQ1/r² BREAK INTO VECTORS
377262619	Voltage-charges formula (2)	V=W/Q=KQ/r NO VECTORS
377262620	Voltage-parallel plates	V=Ed
377262621	electron volts	1ev=1.6E-19J
377262622	Capacitance	Q=CV
377262623	dialectrics insulating sheet between plates	C=KepA/d
377262624	Energy in a capacitor	1/2QV=U
377308419	1st right hand rule	shows magnetic field created by a current. Thumb in direction of the current, fingers show direction of field
377308421	2nd right hand rule	on a solenoid wrap finger around direction of current, thumb will point in north pole direction
377308423	force on a current carrying wire in a magnetic field	F=BIL
377308424	3rd right hand rule	thumb in direction of proton, fingers in direction of magnetic field and palm will show you force
377308426	force on a charged particle in a magnetic field	F=Bvsinθq
377308428	Flux	Flux (in webers)=BcosθA
377308430	EMF (two formulas)	E=-N Change in flux/∆t=Blv (v=velocity of the wire)
377308432	Current	I=∆q/∆t
377308434	Voltage (circuts)	V=IR
377308436	Power (circuts)	P=IV
377337858	Resistivity in a wire	R=rho L/A A=cross sectional area
377337859	Series Circuits	V=added I=constant R= added
377337860	Parallel Circuits	V=constant I=added R=1/r added
377337861	Kirchhoffs Junction rule	Sum of all currents (I) entering=sum of all currents (I) leaving
377337862	Kirchhoffs loop rule [conservation of energy]	sum of voltages must be zero
377337863	Voltage across a battery terminal	Vab=Rated voltage-IR (r=internal resistance)
377337864	Capacitors in parallel	V=constant Q=added C=added
377337865	Capacitors in series	V=added Q=constant C= 1/C
377337866	Ammeter	in series, measures current, low resistance
377337867	voltmeter	added in parallel, measures volts, high resistance
377337868	Simple harmonic motion, pendulum	T=2π√l/g
377337869	Simple harmonic motion, spring	T=2π√m/k
377337870	Velocity of a wave	V=λf
377337871	Velocity of sound in a strong	V=√Ft/(m/l)
377337872	Vsound	V=(331 +.6T) T=temp in Celsius
377337873	Natural frequency open tube/not in a tub	L=n/2λ
377337874	natural frequencies in a closed tube	L=n/4λ has to be odd numbers
381022497	snells law	n1sinθ1=n2sinθ2
381022498	Total internal reflection	n1sinθ1=n2sin90
381022499	F-F or NF-NF	Constructive: 2t=mλ Destructive: 2t=mλ+1/2λ
381022500	F-NF or vice versa	Constructive: 2t=mλ+1/2λ Destructive: 2t=mλ
381022501	heat flow through a window or door	q=K∆AT/L

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AP US Chapter 35 key terms Flashcards

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727929091	Korematsu vs. US	Supreme Court ruled that internment of Japanese Americans was justified as the country's need for protection against espionage outweighed individual rights
727929092	Henry J. Kaiser	An American industrialist who won a government contract to build "Liberty Ships", which were cargo ships used in WWII. He made records when he churned out 1 ship every 14 days and became known as the father of modern American shipbuilding. He established the Kaiser Shipyard after which he formed Kaiser Aluminum and Kaiser Steel.
727929093	War Production Board	During WWII, FDR established it to allocated scarce materials, limited or stopped the production of civilian goods, and distributed contracts among competing manufacturers
727929094	Office of Price Administration	Instituted in 1942, this agency was in charge of stabilizing prices and rents and preventing speculation, profiteering, hoarding and price administration. The OPA froze wages and prices and initiated a rationing program for items such as gas, oil, butter, meat, sugar, coffee and shoes in order to support the war effort and prevent inflation.
727929095	Smith-Connally Anti Strike Act	Proposed after threats of lost production through strikes during WWII. Authorized the federal government to seize and operate tied-up businesses. Passed over FDR's veto.
727929096	War Labor Board	Acted as a supreme court for labor cases. Did more harm than good when it tried to limit wages, which led to strikes.
727929097	Bracero Program	United States labor agents recruited thousands of farm and railroad workers from Mexico. The program stimulated emigration for Mexico.
727929098	Baby boom	An increase in population by almost 30 million people. This spurred a growth in suburbs and three to four children families.
727929099	A. Philip Randolph	America's leading black labor leader who called for a march on Washington D.C. to protest factories' refusals to hire African Americans, which eventually led to President Roosevelt issuing an order to end all discrimination in the defense industries.
727929100	Double V	Victory at home and abroad. Civil Rights activists promoted African Americans' involvement in the war as a way to demonstrate their commitment to the nation and their commitment to fight racism. 1 million blacks served in the armed forces in segregated units. A. Philip Randolph threatened to organize a march on Washington to protest racism in hiring and wages in 1942.
727929101	Fair Employment Practices Commission	FDR issued this committee in 1941 to enforce the policy of prohibiting employment-related discrimination practices by federal agencies, unions, and companies involved in war-related work It guaranteed the employment of 2 million black workers in the war factories.
727929102	General Douglas MacArthur	commander of the US forces in the Philippine Islands who directed the Allied occupation of Japan
727929103	Battle of Coral Sea	Fought on May 7-8 1942; Caused heavy losses on both sides; Japanese won a tactical victory because they sank US carrier Lexington; Americans claimed a strategic victory by stopping Japan's drive towards Australia
727929104	Admiral Chester Nimitz	He was the commander of the Pacific Fleet during WW2, and he was the man who directed the U.S. victories at Midway, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa
727929105	Battle of Midway	U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II.
727929106	Adm. Raymond Spruance	Chief-of-Staff of the U.S. Pacific Fleet. Spruance got to lead the attack on the Marianas, leading the 5th Fleet into the Battle of the Philippine Sea.after the Philippine Sea battle, Spruance, for the first time, turned over the 5th Fleet to Admiral Halsey, going back to Pearl Harbor to plan future landing operations.
727929107	Island-hopping	the American navy attacked islands held by the Japanese in the Pacific Ocean. The capture of each successive island from the Japanese brought the American navy closer to an invasion of Japan.
727929108	Gudalcanal	First Amphibious landing of WWII. Navy withdrew due to enemy attack. Marines held a defensive position until the rest arrived. Assumed full control within 7 months.
727929109	New Guinea	a Pacific island north of Australia
727929110	Gilbert Islands	(III) Main Target: Tarawa. Japanese had principal military installations in Gilbert Islands. Japanese used pill boxes to shoot down US troops. Only 17 Japanese soldiers surrender.
727929111	Marianas Islands	the most intensive carrier battle "The Great Turkey Shot", American hellcat fighters had their way in the air shooting down 250 enemy planes. these islands were close enough so B29 bombers could hit Japan and return
727929112	enigma codes	German codes cracked by the British allowing the Allies to pinpoint the location of U-boats
727929113	Battle of the Atlantic	Germany's naval attempt to cut off British supply ships by using u-boats. Caused Britain and the US to officially join the war after their ships were sunk. After this battle, the Allies won control of the seas, allowing them to control supply transfer, which ultimately determined the war. 1939-1945
727929114	General Erwin Rommel	German commander, "desert fox", was ordered by Hitler to push Britain back to Cairo in Egypt. Assisted Mussolini when Italy could not push Britain back while they resisted.
727929115	Gen. Bernard Montgomery	A British general. Stopped Erwin Rommel from pushing them back to the Egyptian frontier
727929116	Battle of El Alamein	(1942) World War II battle in which the Britain won a decisive victory over Germany in Egypt, securing the Suez Canal
727929117	Stalingrad	City in Russia, site of a Red Army victory over the Germany army in 1942-1943. The Battle of Stalingrad was the turning point in the war between Germany and the Soviet Union. Today Volgograd. (p. 793)
727929118	Winston Churchill	A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West.
727929119	General Dwight D. Eisenhower	led the Allied invasion of North African and planned and executed the D-Day invasion at Normandy and the Battle of the Bulge
727929120	Casablanca Conference	Jan. 14-23, 1943 - FDR and Chruchill met in Morocco to settle the future strategy of the Allies following the success of the North African campaign. They decided to launch an attack on Italy through Sicily before initiating an invasion into France over the English Channel. Also announced that the Allies would accept nothing less than Germany's unconditional surrender to end the war.
727929121	Tehran Conference	December, 1943, a meeting between FDR, Churchill and Stalin in Iran to discuss coordination of military efforts against Germany, they repeated the pledge made in the earlier Moscow Conference to create the United Nations after the war's conclusion to help ensure international peace
727929122	D-Day Invasion	invasion led Dwight D. Eisenhower, started in Normandy, on june 6th 1944, was a success, turing point of WWII, first time allied forces successfully set foot in europe
727929123	General George S. Patton	A US general who helped defeat Rommel. He read Rommel's books, and shoved it in Rommel's face when he defeated him in Egypt. Patton thought he was Julius Ceasar in his past life.
727929124	Thomas E. Dewey	The Republican presidential nominee in 1944, Dewey was the popular governor of New York. Roosevelt won a sweeping victory in this election of 1944. Dewey also ran against Harry Truman in the 1948 presidential election. Dewey, arrogant and wooden, seemed certain to win the election, and the newspapers even printed, "DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN" on election night. However, the morning results showed that Truman swept the election, much to Dewey's embarrassment.
727929125	Harry S Truman	The 33rd U.S. president, who succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt upon Roosevelt's death in April 1945. Truman, who led the country through the last few months of World War II, is best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. After the war, Truman was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which greatly accelerated Western Europe's economic recovery.
727929126	General A.C. McCauliffe	answered "Nuts." when Germany asked for a surrender at the Battle of Bostogne.
727929127	Battle of the Bulge	December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled along the German border. In the winter of 1944, Germany staged a massive counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile "bulge" into the Allied lines. The Allies stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses.
727929128	V-E Day	Victory in Europe Day on May 8th, 1945 celebrated the official defeat of the Nazis and end of WWII in Europe.
727929129	Leyte Gulf	largest naval battle of World War II; Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) mobilized nearly all of its remaining major naval vessels in an attempt to defeat the Allied invasion, but failed to achieve its objective, suffered very heavy losses, and never afterwards sailed to battle in comparable force; first battle in which Japanese aircraft carried out organized kamikaze attacks
727929130	Iwo Jima	a bloody and prolonged operation on the island of Iwo Jima in which American marines landed and defeated Japanese defenders (February and March 1945)
727929131	General William Halsey	Allied leader who fought for control of the Solomon islands in the South Pacific
727929132	Okinawa	Showed that the Japanese would "fight to the death",was the scene of the last great U.S. amphibious campaign in World War II. U.S. army and marine forces
727929133	Potsdam Conference	The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War.
727929134	Albert Einstein	This 20th Century scientist revolutionized the way scientists thought about space, time and matter, the most notable being his theory of relativity. Escaped Nazi Germany to America in 1940.
727929135	Manhattan Project	Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. Much of the early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States.
727929136	Hiroshima	City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II.
727929137	Nagasaki	site of 2nd Atomic Bomb, killing 40,000+ Japanease citizens

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Psychology Test #2 Flashcards

Psychology

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716526311	What are the possible philosophical relationships between the mind and the brain?	1. Monism - just brain no mind; no brain just mind. 2. Dualism - Descartes - brain and mind; "I think therefore I am"
716526312	What makes neurons unique?	1. They don't replicate! (much) 2. They communicate!
716526313	What are the major types of neurons and their primary functions?	1. Sensory - receive messages; 2. Motor - makes muscles move; 3. Interneurons - messengers
716526314	What are the important parts of the neuron for communicating?	Dendrites, Axon, & Action Potential.
716526315	What is the primary function of the myelin sheath?	Protects the axon
716526316	What is the resting state? Action potential? Refractory period?	1. Resting state: negative electron charge within the neuron and positive electrical charge outside 2. Action potential: an electric nerve impulse that travels through a neuron, changing the cell's charge from negative to positive. can be up to 200 miles per hour 3. Refractory Period: "recharging" time of the neuron
716526317	What are neurotransmitters? What are the most important neurotransmitters?	Excitatory & Inhibitory; Dopamine, Acetylcholine, Seratonin, Endorphin
716526319	What are the primary divisions of the nervous system?	Central Nervous System (brain, brain stem, spiral cord) and the Peripheral Nervous System (Somatic, Autonomic).
716526320	What is the endocrine system?	Send Messages through nervous system
716526321	What are the primary division of the brain and their functions?	1. Cerebrum: thoughts. 2. Cerebellum: motor skills. 3. Brain Stem: breathing, autonomic
716526322	Distinguish perception and sensation.	Perception: selecting, organizing, interpreting sensory. Sensation: receiving and coding stimulus energies from outside.
716526323	What is the JND?	Just Noticeable Difference
716526324	What is the gate control theory?	Theory that particular nerve receptors in spinal cord lead to specific areas of the brain related to pain
716526325	What is the stereochemical theory?	How we interpret smell
716526326	How many taste buds and smell receptors are there?	Sour, sweet, bitter, salty... 10,000 taste buds and 1000 receptors
716526327	What is the physical change in the environment that human vision is sensitive to?	Light
716526328	What are rods and cones? How are they different?	Rods - light. Cones - color. Receptor cells in retina
716526329	What is the fovea?	Center of eye (very back)
716526330	What is peripheral vision? How does it differ from looking strait at an object?	Peripheral vision is a part of vision that occurs outside the very center of gaze. Vision exists at the edges of the field of view, rather than adjacent to the center of gaze.
716526331	What is the blind spot?	The lack of light-detecting photoreceptor cells on the optic disc of the retina. (Located in the very back of eye where optic nerve attached to eye)
716526332	Where are the two locations of color vision? What are the two theories of color vision associated with each one?	the trichromatic theory (retina) and the opponent process theory (Thalamus)
716526333	Which is the most common form of color vision?	Green, and red
716526334	What are the corresponding perceptions of the frequency and amplitude of sound waves?	Frequency - Pitch; Amplitude - Loudness
716526335	What is order of the components in the ear that code sound?	Ear canal, ear drum, 3 bones, cochlea, organ of corti
716526336	What is the cochlea? The basilar membrane?	Cochlea - coiled tube in the ear filled with fluid that vibrates in response to sound. Basilar - structure that runs through the middle of the Cochlea to create an upper and a lower chamber, containing sense receptors for sound.
716526337	Distinguish the telephone, place and volley theories of hearing?	Telephone: one to one correspondence with the firing rate of neurons. Place: based on standing wave patterns in a sound chamber. Volley: neurons sometimes fire the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd time and volley.
716526338	How do the Gestalt theories of perception differ from feature analysis?	...
716526339	What is the importance of figure/ground, closure, good figure, proximity and similarity?	...
716526340	What are illusions? Phenomenal absolutism?	Perceptions that relate in an unusual way to the external world. "We see what we want to see."
716526341	What are the characteristics of motivated behavior?	1. eagernees 2. Energy mobilization 3. Consistency 4. Achievement of goal and reduction of tension 5. Concentrated attention
716526342	Why does your professor say that motivation is a hypothetical construct?	energy arousal, goal direction, selective attention, persistence
716526343	What are the two basic approaches to understanding motivation?	Push (drives) & Pull (incentives)
716526344	What is drive reduction?	Theory that focuses on Physiological processes
716526345	What are the basic biological needs? Homeostasis?	Hunger, thirst, pain reduction, temperature regulation, sleep, excrement, sex. Homeostasis is the body attempting to maintain a steady state
716526346	Distinguish intrinsic and extrinsic motivation? What does Deci say about the relationship of the two?	Intrinsic (you like to) Extrinsic (you have to) Deci believed that these were incompatible
716526347	Distinguish Nach, Npwr, Naffl. How are they measured?	Nach- need for achievement Npwr- need for power Naffl- need for affiliation Thematic apperception test
716526348	What is the correct sequence of needs in Maslow's hierarchy?	1. Physiological needs (water, food, sleep, sex) 2. Safety 3. Love and Belongingness 4. Esteem 5. Self-actualization (self-fulfillment)
716526349	How does the brain monitor and create feelings of hunger?	Hypothalamus
716526350	Describe Maslow's hierarchical theory of Motivation.	Have to fulfill lower to achieve higher.
716526351	What is Plutchick's theory of emotions?	8 basic emotions branch off into 8 other emotions (he used a pie chart)
716526352	What is the facial feedback hypothesis?	While the facial feedback hypothesis is not a theory, simply a component, it suggest that is we smile then it will positively affect our physiology and cognitions. If we frown, it will likewise negatively affect our physiology and cognitions
716526353	What purpose do emotions serve?	Emotions make life more interesting. They prepare us for action, motivate our learning, improve our relationship through communication and empathy. Relationships depend on shared emotion and humanity.
716526354	What is the TAT?	Thematic apperception test
716526355	Distinguish the theories of emotion of James/Lange, Cannon/.Baird, and Schacter and Singer.	James/Lange - physiology comes first--generates the emotions. Cannon/Baird - physiological and cognition arise simultaneously in the limbic system. Schacter/singer - physiological arousal and cognitive labeling
716526356	What is GAS and who proposed it?	General adaption syndrome -- Seyle
716526357	What is coping?	Learning how to deal with certain situations.
716526358	What are the three Cs of the hardy personality?	Challenge, Commitment, Control
716526359	What kinds of illness result from stress?	Heart attack, and high blood pressure
716526360	Distinguish primary and secondary appraisal.	Primary appraisal: we consider how the situation affects our personal well-bein. Secondary appraisal: we consider how we might cope with the situation
716526361	Distinguish emotion focus and problem solving focus in coping.	In emotion focused coping: people try to manage their emotions in the face of stress, seeking to change the way they feel about or perceive the problem. Examples include strategies such as accepting sympathy from others and looking at the bright side of the situation. Problem solving focused: coping involves thinking about ways to modify the stressful problem or source of stress. In other words, it means taking action or fixing the problem. These strategies lead to changes in behavior or to a plan of action to deal with the stress. Examples are starting a study group to improve your grade in a class, or doing something relaxing after many long days of work or labor.
716526362	What impact can exercise have on health?	Exercising is an effective way to cope, causing relief of stress and other physiological problems. It is recommended for good health, both mental and physical.

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1. Psychology....a Science and a Perspective Flashcards

AP Psychology Test 1

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451526365	Psychology	the science of behavior and cognitive processes
451526366	Structuralism (W. Wundt, Edward Titchener)	an early view of psychology suggesting that the field should focus on identifying the basic structures of the human mind (analyzed the structure and content of mental states by introspection, and was concerned with reducing experience to its basic parts)
451526367	Functionalism (William James)	an early view of psychology suggesting that it should focus on the functions of consciousness (how the mind adapts us to our environment)
451526368	Behaviorism (Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, B.F. Skinner)	the view that only observable, overt activities that can be measured scientifically should be studied by psychology
451526369	multicultural perspective	in psychology, an approach that pays careful attention to the effects of ethnic and cultural forces on behavior
451526370	evolutionary psychology	a branch of psychology suggesting that as a result of evolution, human beings possess many evolved psychological mechanisms that help (or once helped) us to deal with important problems relating to survival
451526371	theories	in science, frameworks for explaining various events or processes
451526372	hypotheses	testable predictions derived from theories
451526373	confirmation bias	the tendency to notice and remember primarily information that lends support to our views
451526374	availability heuristic	a mental shortcut suggesting that the easier it is to bring something to mind, the more frequent or important it is
451526375	critical thinking	thinking that avoids blind acceptance of conclusions or arguments but instead closely examines all assumptions, evidence, and conclusions
451526376	systematic observation	a basic method of science in which the natural world, or various events or processes in it, are observed and measured in a very careful manner.
451526377	naturalistic observation	a research method in which behavior is studied in the settings where it usually occurs
451526378	case method	a research method in which detailed information about individuals is used to develop general principles about behavior
451526379	survey method	a research method in which large numbers of people answer questions about aspects of their views or their behavior
451526380	sampling	in the survey method, the methods used to select persons who respond to the survey
451526381	correlational method	a research method in which researchers attempt to determine whether, and to what extent, different variables are related to each other
451526382	experimental method	a research method in which researchers systematically alter one or more variables in order to determine whether such changes influence some aspect of behavior
451526383	independent variable	the variable that is systematically changed in an experiment
451526384	dependent variable	the variable that is measured in an experiment
451526385	Random assignments	ensuring that all research participants have an equal chance of being exposed to each level of the independent variable (that is, of being assigned to each experimental condition)
451526386	confounding (of variables)	confusion that occurs when factors other than the independent variable are permitted to vary across experimental conditions; can invalidate the apparent results of an experiment
451526387	experimenter effects	unintended effects, caused by researchers, on participants' behavior
451526388	double-blind procedure	procedure in which the researchers who have contact with participants do not know the hypothesis under investigation
451526389	deception	the temporary withholding of information about a study from participants
451526390	informed consent	a principle requiring that research participants be provided with information about all events and procedures a study will involve before they agree to participate in it
451526391	debriefing	providing research participants with full information about all aspects of a study after they have participated in it
451526392	hindsight bias	we tend to believe after learning an outcome, that we would have foreseen it
451526393	philosophy	a study of the processes regulating thought, conduct and reality
451526394	physiology	the study of the function of living organisms
451526395	Wilhelm Wundt	(1832-1920) founded the first formal laboratory for research in psychology at the University of Leipzig in 1879
451526396	G. Stanley Hall	(1844-1924) a student of Wundt, founded the first U.S. psychology lab at John Hopkins University in 1883
451526397	natural selection	principle that those inherited trait variations contributing to survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
451526398	Pyschodynamic (Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Karen Horney, Alfred Adler)	studied/emphasized the study of unconscious mental processes (argued that people's behavior is driven by sexual urges, and that most emotional conflicts date back to early childhood experiences)
451526399	Biological (James Olds, Roger Sperry, George Miller)	focused on the biological events and processes that underlie behavior
451526400	Humanistic (Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow)	stressed that humans have enormous potential for personal growth (emphasized importance of free will, the human ability to make choices, and the uniqueness of the individual)
451526401	Cognitive (Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky, Herbert Simon, Ulric Neisser)	studied internal, mental representations that are used in perceiving, remembering, thinking and understanding
451526402	Margaret Floy Washburn	(1871-1939) First American woman to earn a PhD in psychology
451526403	Mary Whiton Calkins	(1863-1930) First woman president of the APA
451526404	population	all members of a class or set from which a smaller sample may be drawn and about whom the researcher wants to draw conclusions
451526405	sample	a subset of a population selected to participate in a study
451526406	random sample	a sample in which every member of the population being studied has an equal chance of being picked for inclusion in the study
451526407	biased sample	when every member of the population does not have an equal chance of being chosen
451526408	stratified sample	one in which every relevant subgroup of the population is randomly selected in proportion to its size
451526409	participant/subject	an individual who is actively participating in a research study
451526410	replications	research studies that are repeated, often under different conditions in order to ensure the reliability of the results
451526411	generalizability	the possibility of applying conclusions drawn about a research sample to the entire population being studied
451526412	operational definition	definition of a variable in terms of the set of methods or procedures used to measure or study that variable
451526413	experimental group	the group that is exposed to the manipulation of the independent variable
451526414	control group	the group not exposed to the manipulation of the independent variable
451526415	quasi-experiment	when participants are not randomly assigned to groups, you get a ____
451526416	positive correlation	occurs when the value of one variable increases in value as the other variable also increases in value
451526417	negative correlation	occurs when there is an inverse relationship between the variables measured, as the value of one increases, the value of the other decreases
451526418	correlation coefficient	this is a number that represents the strength of the relationship between the variables measured -1 < 0 < 1
451526419	scatterplot	a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables
451526420	illusory correlation	prescient dreams (you dream it and it happens)
451526421	inter observer reliability	the amount of agreement between two or more observers who simultaneously observe the same event
451526422	descriptive statistics	summarize the major characterless of an array of scores
451526423	variance	average squared distance between each score and the mean (squaring eliminates negative numbers)
451526424	standard deviation	the average distance between each score and the mean (this is the square root of the variance)
451526425	normal curve	a symmetrical, bell shaped frequency distribution. Most scores are found near the middle, and fewer and fewer occur toward the extremes.
451526426	inferential statistics	statistical procedures that permit us to determine whether differences between individuals or groups are ones that are likely or unlikely to have occurred by chance
451526427	empirical research	research that operates from the ideological position that questions about human behavior can be answered only through controlled, systematic observations in the real world
451526428	positive skew	when the mean is greater than the median
451526429	negative skew	when the mean is less than the median
451548220	Leta Stetter Hollingworth	Did pioneering work on adolescent development, mental retardation, and gifted children. Also played a major role in debunking popular theories of her era that purpored to eplain why women were "inferior" to men.
451548221	Francis Cecil sumner	first African American to hold a PhD in psychology- conducted research on race relations, equality, psychology of religion
451548222	herbert simon	Cognitive psychologist who earned a Nobel prize for research about problem solving.

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APUSH - Chapter 3 Flashcards

Settling the Northern Colonies

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657132730	Fundamental Orders	In 1639 the Connecticut River colony settlers had an open meeting and they established a constitution called the Fundamental Orders. It made a Democratic government. It was the first constitution in the colonies and was a beginning for the other states' charters and constitutions.
657132731	Protestant ethic	mid 1600's; a commitment made by the Puritans in which they seriously dwelled on working and pursuing worldly affairs.
657132732	Mayflower Compact - 1620	A contract made by the voyagers on the Mayflower agreeing that they would form a simple government where majority ruled.
657132733	Navigation Law	In the 1660's England restricted the colonies; They couldn't trade with other countries. The colonies were only allowed to trade with England.
657132734	The Puritans	They were a group of religious reformists who wanted to "purify" the Anglican Church. Their ideas started with John Calvin in the 16th century and they first began to leave England in 1608. Later voyages came in 1620 with the Pilgrims and in 1629, which was the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
657132735	General Court	a Puritan representative assembly elected by the freemen; they assisted the governor; this was the early form of Puritan democracy in the 1600's
657132736	Separatists	Pilgrims that started out in Holland in the 1620's who traveled over the Atlantic Ocean on the Mayflower. These were the purest, most extreme Pilgrims existing, claiming that they were too strong to be discouraged by minor problems as others were.
657132737	Quakers	Members of the Religious Society of Friends; most know them as the Quakers. They believe in equality of all peoples and resist the military. They also believe that the religious authority is the decision of the individual (no outside influence.) Settled in Pennsylvania.
657132738	Pilgrims	Separatists; worried by "Dutchification" of their children they left Holland on the Mayflower in 1620; they landed in Massachusetts; they proved that people could live in the new world
657132739	New England Confederation	ew England Confederation was a Union of four colonies consisting of the two Massachusetts colonies (The Bay colony and Plymouth colony) and the two Connecticut colonies (New Haven and scattered valley settlements) in 1643. The purpose of the confederation was to defend against enemies such as the Indians, French, Dutch, and prevent intercolonial problems that effected all four colonies.
657132740	Calvinism	Set of beliefs that the Puritans followed. In the 1500's John Calvin, the founder of Calvinism, preached virtues of simple worship, strict morals, pre-destination and hard work. This resulted in Calvinist followers wanting to practice religion, and it brought about wars between Huguenots (French Calvinists) and Catholics, that tore the French kingdom apart
657132741	Massachusetts Bay Colony	One of the first settlements in New England; established in 1630 and became a major Puritan colony. Became the state of Massachusetts, originally where Boston is located. It was a major trading center, and absorbed the Plymouth community
657132742	Dominion of New England	In 1686, New England, in conjunction with New York and New Jersey, consolidated under the royal authority -- James II. Charters and self rule were revoked, and the king enforced mercantile laws. The new setup also made for more efficient administration of English Navigation Laws, as well as a better defense system. The Dominion ended in 1688 when James II was removed from the throne.
657132743	Freemen	colonial period; term used to describe indentured servants who had finished their terms of indenture and could live freely on their own land.
657132744	visible saints	A religious belief developed by John Calvin held that a certain number of people were predestined to go to heaven by God. This belief in the elect, or "visible saints," figured a major part in the doctrine of the Puritans who settled in New England during the 1600's.
657132745	covenant	A binding agreement made by the Puritans whose doctrine said the whole purpose of the government was to enforce God's laws. This applied to believers and non-believers.
657132746	Protestant Reformation	The Protestant Revolution was a religious revolution, during the 16th century. It ended the supremacy of the Catholic Church and resulted in the establishment of the Protestant Churches. Martin Luther and John Calvin were influential in the Protestant Revolution
657132747	Predestination	Primary idea behind Calvinism; states that salvation or damnation are foreordained and unalterable; first put forth by John Calvin in 1531; was the core belief of the Puritans who settled New England in the seventeenth century.
657132748	King Philip II	He was king of Spain during 1588. During this year he sent out his Spanish Armada against England. He lost the invasion of England. Philip II was also the leader against the Protestant Reformation.
657132749	John Cotton	John Cotton, a puritan who was a fiery early clergy educated at Cambridge University, emigrated to Massachusetts to avoid persecution by the church of England. He defended the government's duty to enforce religious rules. He preached and prayed up to six hours in a single day.
657132750	Sir Edmond Andros	Head of the Dominion of New England in 1686, militaristic, disliked by the colonists because of his affiliation with the Church of England, changed many colonial laws and traditions without the consent of the representatives, tried to flee America after England's Glorious Revolution, but was caught and shipped to England
657132751	The "elect"	John Calvin and the Puritans souls who have been destined for eternal bliss or eternal torment; since the beginning of time ; it was discussed by John Calvin in "Institutes of the Christian Religion"
657132752	Patroonship	Patroonship was vast Dutch feudal estates fronting the Hudson River in the early 1600's. They were granted to promoters who agreed to settle fifty people on them.
657132753	Henry Hudson	Discovered what today is known as the Hudson River. Sailed for the Dutch even though he was originally from England. He was looking for a northwest passage through North America.
657132754	William Bradford	A pilgrim that lived in a north colony called Plymouth Rock in 1620. He was chosen governor 30 times. He also conducted experiments of living in the wilderness and wrote about them; well known for "Of Plymouth Plantation."
657132755	Peter Stuyvesant	A Dutch General; He led a small military expedition in 1664. He was known as "Father Wooden Leg". Lost the New Netherlands to the English. He was governor of New Netherlands
657132756	Thomas Hooker	1635; a Boston Puritan, brought a group of fellow Boston Puritans to newly founded Hartford, Connecticut.
657132757	William Penn	English Quaker;" Holy Experiment"; persecuted because he was a Quaker; 1681 he got a grant to go over to the New World; area was Pennsylvania; "first American advertising man"; freedom of worship there
657132758	John Winthrop	John Winthrop immigrated from the Mass. Bay Colony in the 1630's to become the first governor and to led a religious experiment. He once said, "we shall be a city on a hill."
657132759	John Calvin	John Calvin was responsible for founding Calvinism, which was reformed Catholicism. He writes about it in "Institutes of a Christian Religion" published in 1536. He believed God was all knowing and everyone was predestined for heaven or hell.
657132760	Anne Hutchinson	A religious dissenter whose ideas provoked an intense religious and political crisis in the Massachusetts Bay Colony between 1636 and 1638. She challenged the principles of Massachusetts's religious and political system. Her ideas became known as the heresy of Antinomianism, a belief that Christians are not bound by moral law. She was latter expelled, with her family and followers, and went and settled at Pocasset ( now Portsmouth, R.I.)

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Flashcards

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Aztecs Flashcards

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330910983	adorned	Decorated	0
330910984	causeways	raised roadways across water or marshlands	1
330910985	conquered	defeated in battle	2
331226607	tributes	gifts given to those in power by people who have been defeated or who want protection	3
331226608	empire	many territories and peoples controlled by one government	4
331226609	intricate	complicated, made up of many details	5
331226610	metropolis	a large city; the chief city of an area	6
331226611	momentous	extremely important	7
331226612	obsidian	black volcanic rock	8
331226613	site	places where things are located	9