| 717753022 | What empires were destroyed as a result of WWI? | Habsburg, Ottoman, German and Romanov | |
| 717753023 | What empires became a new super power at the start of WWII? | Japan and Germany | |
| 720491030 | What two nations had imperial ambitions after WWII | United States and USSR | |
| 720491031 | Otto Von Bismark | - Germany's chancellor. He was successful in unifying Germany. He wanted to make sure he est. alliances to keep the peace in Europe, so he started making alliances w/ other countries, which led to war. He felt France was the biggest threat, so aimed to isolate France. Formed "dual alliance" w/ Austria-Hungary. 13 yrs. later Italy joins the alliance to form the "triple alliance". In 1887, Germany forms a separate alliance with Russia | |
| 720491032 | What two countries become allies that Germany sees as a threat? | France and Russia | |
| 720491033 | Why did Germany see other European countries like France, Britain and Russia as threats? | Britain had overseas colonies and a great navy, Russia had a massive grain production huge labor force and access to Caspian oil, and France had manpower and materials resources in Asia and Africa. Germany wanted these resources as well. | |
| 720491034 | What was going on internally in Germany just prior to WWI? | Germany was divided politically along various lines such as religion (Catholics, Protestants, Jews), wealthy rich class and the working class, trade unions and socialist party. | |
| 720491035 | Schlieffen Plan | Germany's military plan at the outbreak of World War I, according to which German troops would rapidly defeat France and then move east to attack Russia. (Germany wanted war to be short and brutal--destroy the enemy quickly). | |
| 720491036 | nationalism | Political ideology that stresses people's membership in a nation-a community defined by a common culture and history as well as by territory. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, nationalism was a force for unity in western Europe | |
| 720491037 | Causes of World War I | nationalism, imperialism, militarism, creation of alliances (Central and Allied Powers); immediate cause: assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand (heir to Austrian throne) by a Serb on June 28, 1914 | |
| 720491038 | What alliances were created at the start of World War I? | Germany & Austria-Hungary, France & Russia, Britain & France, Ottomans & Germany | |
| 720562662 | What country was attached by Austria-Hungary that caused Russia to step in? | Serbia | |
| 720562663 | Through what neutral country did Germany launch its surprise attached on France through? | Belguim | |
| 720562664 | Why was WWI a "world war"? | All the colonies and resources from imperial colonies around the world were dragged into the war. For example, many people from India (a colony of Britain) served in the British military as did a large number of French subjects from colonies such as Senegal in Africa. | |
| 720562665 | Why did Germany end up losing WWI? | They lacked the man-power and resources the other countries had thanks to their colonies. America also stepped in with its industrial and military power to help France and Britain when Russia couldn't hold off the German's any more on the eastern front. | |
| 720562666 | What happened in Russia in 1917 that took it out of WWI? | Two revolutions | |
| 720562667 | Why did the Ottomans side with Germany in WWI? | The Ottomans wanted to get back much of their territory that was taken by European powers just prior to WWI. It was also worried about Russian expansion and control of the Suez Canal/access to the Black Sea and complete disintegration of the Ottoman empire. They believed the Germans would win. | |
| 720562668 | Triple Entente | An alliance between Great Britain, France and Russia in the years before WWI. | |
| 720562669 | Triple Alliance | An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI. | |
| 720562670 | How did the Ottoman's closing off of the Dardenellas to Allied shipping hurt the Allies? | France and Britain were unable to get much-needed supplies to Russia to support them. | |
| 720562671 | Young Turks | A coalition starting in the late 1870s of various groups favoring modernist liberal reform of the Ottoman Empire. It Against monarchy of Ottoman Sultan and favored a constitution. In 1908 they succeed in establishing a new constitutional era. Members of this group were progressive, modernist and opposed to the status quo. The movement built a rich tradition of dissent that shaped the intellectual, political and artistic life of the late Ottoman period and trancended through the decline of the Ottoman Empire and into the new Turkish state. | |
| 720562672 | Arab Revolt | formed by Britain, arabs encouraged to revolt against Turkish rule, successful rebellion that brought the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, British occupy Jerusalem in 1917. British and French secretly arrange to divide arab lands between themselves | |
| 720562673 | self-determination | the freedom of a people to decide under what form of government they wish to live | |
| 720562674 | The Treaty of Versailles | 1. Germany pays all war reparations (War Guilt Clause)
2. Germany was demilitarized (no troops in Rhineland)
3. Germany loses Alsace Lorainne to France
4. Germany loses eastern portion to Poland
5. A League of Nations is formed to keep the peace | |
| 720833040 | League of Nations | An international organization formed in 1920 after WWI to promote cooperation and peace among nations, International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. It proved ineffectual in stopping aggression by Italy, Japan, and Germany in the 1930s. | |
| 720833041 | Why the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany? | Germans were bitter about their defeat in WWI and the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles (huge reparation payments, admitting complete fault for the war, losing territory etc.). Their economy was doing very poorly as a result of the reparation payments. There was division in the government and many blamed the Jews, Communists and leftists for the loss during WWI. Initially, the Nazi party was relatively small, but when Hitler attempted to overthrow the government in Munich (and fails), he is taken to court where he shares his anti-Jew views. People listen to him. While in prison, his popularity grows and he writes Mein Kampf which details his ideas about German nationalism, antisemitism, and social Darwinism. The party lost a few elections but eventually, when the economy got so bad, they were able to win enough seats to control the Reichstag (their government). | |
| 720833042 | Motivations for Japan entering WWII | The Japanese had rapidly industrialized and modernized in the early 20th century. However, it relied heavily on countries from the West like the US for resources and was unhappy with this dependence. They also didn't like the presence of Western countries in Asia. So, they decided to try to take their own territories (starting with East Asia--Manchuria) so they would have natural resources and be independent of Western powers in the region. | |
| 720833043 | What problems were created as a result of the way that Europe was carved up after WWI? | At the Paris peace conference, they did not take into consideration the mixture of people being group together. It tore apart any sense of "nation" that might have developed among different groups. | |
| 720833044 | Mandate system | Allocation of former German colonies and Ottoman possessions to the victorious powers after World War I, to be administered under League of Nations supervision. | |
| 720833045 | Husayn ibn Ali | Arab ruler of the sacred cities of Mecca and Medina on the Arabian Peninsula who was an important leader among the Muslim Arabs who wanted to break way from the Ottoman Empire and establish an independent Arab homeland. | |
| 721787681 | Split up of the Ottoman empire at Paris peace conference | Faisal is given Mesopotamia, and Iraq. His brother Abdullah gets Transjordan. Syria was administered by France. Palestine (which they had promised to give Jews as a homeland while also allowing Muslims to continue to live there), Jordan and Iraq were administered by Britain (Faisal and Abdullah were kings controlled by Britain) | |
| 721787682 | TRUE or FALSE: the postwar restructuring of the Ottoman domains was very successful. | False. There were rebellions and uprising against the kings and Palestinians were not happy with Jewish immigration and their loss of land because of the British promise to give the Jews a homeland there. Uprisings also happened in Egypt which was a British protectorate (strikes, demonstrations involving Christians and Muslims, middle class and poor). Things got so bad there, that the British decided to abandon the protectorate and exercise power from the background instead. | |
| 721787683 | What happened to Anatolia and Armenia in post WWI? | Greece and Turkey fought it out. Greece invaded Turkey attempting to exercise authority over them but the Turks defeated the invasion in 1922. As a result, the state of Turkey was founded. Turks and Greeks relocated to Turkey and Greece | |
| 721864129 | Ataturk | "Father of the Turks" who helped to create Republic of Turkey and wanted to modernize [westernize] Turkey as well as separate religion and government. | |
| 721864130 | What happened to territories taken from the losing empires in WWI as a result of the Treaty of Versailles? | They were redistributed among the "winning" powers and continued to be ruled as colonies. Africa was still treated as "backward" and as having "dependent" people. | |
| 721864131 | What country tried to get a clause condemning racism in the colonies included in the Treaty of Versailles but was struck down by the US, France and Britain? | Japan | |
| 721864132 | What act demonstrated that the League of Nations respected the sovereignty of an aggressive European nation over that of an African kingdom? | When Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935, the League failed to do anything to stop them. | |
| 721864133 | What did Japan get as a result of the Paris peace conference after WWI? | A piece of China--Shandong Province. Japan boosted its industrial capacity which helped them wipe out foreign debt, and become an economic powerhouse. | |
| 721864134 | May Fourth Movement | 1919 nationalist movement against foreign imperialists; it began as a student protest against the decision of the Versailles Peace Conference to leave the Shandong Peninsula in the hands of Japan | |
| 721864135 | Guomindang | Chinese Nationalist party founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1919; drew support from local warlords and Chinese criminal underworld; initially forged alliance with Communists in 1924; dominated by Chiang Kai-shek after 1925 | |
| 721864136 | British Commonwealth of Nations (Dominions) | an association of free and equal states, and membership is based on a common allegiance to the british crown; examples were New Zealand, Australia, South Africa | |
| 721864137 | What was going on between Britain and Ireland around 1916? | Irish nationalists had declared the creation of the Republic of Ireland and launched violent revolts that turned into war with Britain. Result was an Ireland with a Protestant north and a Catholic south. | |
| 721864138 | India, who contributed a vast number of men in WWI for Britain, had hopes of gaining the rights of Englishmen after the war. Did this happen for them? | No. Promises of self-government were stalled. The Indian National Congress led a peaceful demonstration but British troops stepped in and shot at least 379 Indians. This became a rallying point for Indian opposition and allowed Gandhi to consolidate his leadership. | |
| 721864139 | Indian National Congress | A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, appealing to the poor. | |
| 721864140 | "All India" movement | Hindus and Muslims cooperating together in India in nonviolent protests against imperialism for the greater good of India. It was lead by Gandhi. | |
| 721864141 | What promises made to Africans who had served in WWI under their ruling colonial powers had been broken? | They didn't receive their pension, jobs or recognition for having served alongside other imperial subjects. Their countries continued to be treated unequally and citizenship rights denied. Colonizers didn't use money to improve conditions in those countries either. | |
| 721864142 | What was happening around the world because of the oppression and domination by big imperialist powers in colonies post WWI? | Revolts (Ireland), uprisings, riots, rebellions, petitions calling for reform were coming out of colonies. Demands were being heard by audiences in Europe such as the communist parties, religious and humanitarian circles and intellectuals with sympathy for African or Asian cultures and among activists. | |
| 721864143 | What did the British do, under Winston Churchill, when nomads and villagers in Mesopotamia (part of Iraq) rebelled? | They dropped bombs on them--a new level of terror used to rule them | |
| 721864144 | Financially, what state were France and Britain in after WWI? | They owed huge debts to the United States who was quickly becoming very powerful and insisted on full repayment of the money they loaned those countries. | |
| 721864145 | Three new empires who now joined the rivalries and alliances that developed after WWI. The USSR was against _________________; Japan against the empires of the West; and Nazi Germany against________________________________________. | capitalism; everyone not German | |
| 721872149 | Bolshevik Revolution | Also known as the October revolution, this is known as the formal seizure of state power during the larger Russian Revolution of 1917. It took place with an armed insurrection in Petrograd, Russia. | |
| 721872150 | Provisional Government | Russia's legislative Duma formed it in order to restore order. It was challenged by the Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies; a temporary government established in 1917 which replaced Nicholas II when he abdicated. The mistake of this government was not getting Russia out of the brutal World War I. | |
| 721872151 | Vladimir Lenin | Founder of the Russian (Bolshevik) Communist Party, this man led the November Revolution in 1917 which established a revolutionary soviet government based on a union of workers, peasants, and soldiers. | |
| 721872152 | Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | Between Russians and Germans. Russian withdrawal from WW I since revolution on-going. National independence of peoples on Russia's western border - Poles, Ukrainians, Bessarabians, Estonians, Latvians, Finns(thus size of Russia to shrink). Bolsheviks did not want to sign but needed to end war and consolidate revolution at home. Signed Treaty in March of 1918. Marked big success for Germany. Dominated Eastern Europe, access to Ukrainian bread basket and no longer fighting 2 front war. | |
| 721982496 | What were the new principles of the Bolshevik USSR after the civil and international war, revolution, world war, and famine? | Power was to be used to support the working class; private property was to be abolished; the state would own the means of productions. It was a government dictatorship of the proletariat. | |
| 721982497 | What was the structure of the USSR set up by the Bolsheviks after WWI? | A federation made up of "national republics" linked together by a single party (the Communist party). The challenge was to match the republics with the right people. Each republic was administered by members of the party who reported to the party leadership in the capital. | |
| 721982498 | Communist International | Comminitern is an interinaterational association of communist parties lead by the Soviet Union for the purpose of encouraging world wide communist revolution created by Lenin | |
| 721982499 | How did the relationship of Germany and Bolshevik Russia change after WWI? | They established a trade agreement, they forgave each's debts, Germany gave technical assistance to USSR in exchange for the USSR allowing them to use their territory for military training exercises. They also agreed not to attach each other and secretly agreed to divide East-Central Europe between themselves. Essentially----they became allies | |
| 721982500 | What was the Bolshevik (communist) view of religion? | They were against it. They believed it was used to control people (religious authority) | |
| 721982501 | Collectivization | Stalin developed this. It was his practice of taking control of privately owned farms and giving control to the state. He forced peasants to farm shared land and live communally. This was enforced by deportations, executions, starvation etc. His policies to create this system were brutal. | |
| 721982502 | What was the goal of Stalin's collectivization, use of prison camp labor was all directed toward what goal? | promoting state-managed industrialization. He ruthlessly got rid of any one who might challenge the party (arrests, trials, executions, destruction of families, terror) | |
| 722038596 | What were Germany's motives for taking territory in the period right before WWII broke out? | Germany lacked in natural resources, had no oil and had lost a lot of territory and colonies as a result of WWI. They believed they needed space to expand its power. Germany wanted to unite all German speakers and eliminate all others. | |
| 722038597 | What were Japan's motives for looking to take territory leading up to WWII? | Japan lacked in natural resources and saw China as an option. Additionally, Japan wanted to get rid of Western powers in Asia who were controlling the resources/raw materials in the area. Japan looked to unite all of Asia. | |
| 722038598 | What made it so easy for people to begin to adopt the Nazi ideology of racism and German domination over "inferior races"? | The Great Depression hit Germany exceptionally hard and people wanted to look to blame someone. | |
| 722038599 | Invasion of Manchuria | in 1931, the Japanese, bombed their own railroad but then claimed that the Chinese did it. They used this as an excuse to go to war and take Manchuria. They wanted the territory for it's resources. | |
| 722038600 | What caused Japan to become a military state? | The great Depression caused the military to take power within the government. | |
| 722038601 | Rape of Nanjing | a seven-week period following the Japanese capture of the Chinese city of Nanjing. During this period, hundreds of thousands of civilians were murdered and 20,000-80,000 women were raped[1] by soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army. | |
| 722038602 | Ho Chi Minh | (1890-1969) Vietnamese leader who is responsible for ousting first the French, then the United States from his country. Supported by both communist China and the Soviet Union, he guided Vietnam through decades long warfare to emerge as a communist nation. | |
| 722038603 | What made WWII more lethal than WWI? | Techonology; airplanes, the tank, bombs---made offense stronger. | |
| 722038604 | About how many people were killed in WWII? | about 40 million (1/2 were civilians!) | |
| 722038605 | Were the Jews the only people who faced mass murder by the Germans as part of ethnic cleansing? | No. Millions of non-Jewish Poles, Ukrainians, Slavs and others were also exterminated. Many were used for slave labor, but the Germans saw everyone else as racially inferior. | |
| 722038606 | Allied Powers of WWII | England/Great Britain
France
United States
Soviet Union (Russia) | |
| 722038607 | Axis Powers of WWII | Germany, Italy, Japan(later) Russia (beginning but they leave) | |
| 722038608 | What enabled the Soviets to defeat the Nazi's in the USSR? | An unlikely alliance with the US who sent in supplies and weapons (tanks, aircraft, food, technical aid). Also, | |
