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Essential Prefixes - Chapter 3 Flashcards

Essential Prefixes and More
"Quick and Easy Medical Terminology", 6th Edition
by Peggy C. Leonard

159399036	mono-, uni-	one (2)
159399037	bi-, di-	two (2)
159399038	tri-	three
159399039	quad-, quadri, tetra-	four (3)
159399040	centi-	one hundred / one-hundredth
159399041	milli-	one-thousandth
159399042	diplo-	double
159399043	hemi-, semi-	half / partly
159399044	hyper-	excessive / more than normal
159399045	hypo-	under / less than normal
159399046	multi-, poly-	many
159399047	nulli-	none
159399048	pan-	all
159399049	primi-	first
159399050	super-, ultra-	excessive
159399051	ab-	away from
159399052	ad	towards
159399053	ante-, pre-	before in time or place (2)
159399054	circum-, peri-	around (2)
159399055	dia-	through
159399056	ecto, ex-	out / without (2)
159399057	exo-, extra-	away from (2)
159399058	en-, end-, endo-	inside (3)
159399059	epi-	above / on
159399060	hypo-, infra-, sub-	beneath (3)
159399061	inter-	between
159399062	intra-	within
159399063	meso-, mid-	middle (2)
159399064	para-	near / beside / abnormal
159399065	per-	through / by
159399066	post-	after, behind
159399067	retro-	behind / backward
159399068	super-, supra-	above / beyond (2)
159399069	sym-, syn-	joined together (2)
159399070	trans-	across
159399071	ante-, pre-, pro-	before (3)
159399072	macro-, mega-, megalo	large / great (3)
159399073	micro	small
159399074	a-, an-	no / not / without (2)
159399075	in-	not / not inside
159399076	anti-, contra-	against (2)
159399077	dys-	bad / difficulty
159399078	eu-	good / normal
159399079	mal-	bad
159399080	pro-	favoring / supporting
159399081	tachy-	fast
159399082	brady-	slow

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Essential medical terminology chapter 1 Flashcards

Basic word structure

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577380527	gastr	stomach
577380528	cardi	heart
577380529	arthr	joint
577380530	dermat	skin
577380531	hemat	blood
577380532	leuk	white
577380533	cyan	blue
577380534	erythr	red
577380535	melan	black
577380536	xanth	yellow
577380537	eosin	red or rosy red
577380538	pre	before
577380539	post	after
577380540	anti	against
577380541	multi	many
577380542	sub	below or under
577380543	neo	new
577380544	hemi	half
577380545	ante	before or forward
577380546	oid	like or resembling
577380547	itis	inflammation
577380548	megaly	enlargement
577380549	ic or iac	pertaining to
577380550	logy	study of
577380551	pathy	disease
577380552	ectomy	surgical removal or excision
577380553	ac,al,ar,ary	pertaining to or like

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Essential medical terminology chapter 2 Flashcards

Skeletal system

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577433706	arthr/o	joint
577433707	chondr/o	cartilage
577433708	clavicul/o	clavicle
577433709	coccyg/o	coccyx
577433710	cost/o	rib
577433711	crani/o	skull
577433712	kyph/o	humpback
577433713	lamin/o	lamina,thin flat plate,part of vertebral arch
577433714	lord/o	swayback
577433715	lumb/o	lower back
577433716	metacarp/o	hand bones
577433717	metatar/o	foot bones
577433718	myel/o	bone marrow or spinal cord
577433719	my/o	muscle
577433720	myos/o	muscle
577433721	muscul/o	muscle
577433722	oste/o	bone
577433723	pelv/o	pelvis,hipbone
577433724	rhin/o	nose
577433725	sacr/o	sacrum
577433726	scoli/o	crooked,bent,twisted
577433727	spondyl/o	vertebra
577433728	stern/o	sternum,breastbone
577433729	ten/o	tendon
577433730	tendin/o	tendon
577433731	vertebra/o	vertebra
577433732	algia	pain
577433733	blast	immature
577433734	clasis	surgical fracture
577433735	gram	record
577433736	graphy	technique of recording/making an xray
577433737	malacia	softening
577433738	olisthesis	slipping
577433739	oma	tumor, mass
577433740	osis	abnormal condition
577433741	plasty	surgical repair
577433742	scope	instrument to visually examine
577433743	scopy	process of visual eximination
577433744	tomy	process of cutting,incision
577433745	trophy	nourishment,development
577433746	anterior	structure or part is facing front
577433747	distal	body part is furthest away from point of origin
577433748	dorsal	pertaining or referring to the back
577433749	inferior	toward the feet or below
577433750	lateral	away from midline of the body
577433751	medial	toward the midline
577433752	posterior	toward the back or pertaining to the back of the body
577433753	prone	laying face down on the abdomen
577433754	proximal	body part nearest point of origin
577433755	superficial	near the surface
577433756	superior	toward the head,above
577433757	supine	laying face up on the back
577433758	ventral	pertaining to the front

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Jeffersonians Flashcards

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671526021	Revolution of 1800	in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, and taxes, Jefferson won the election of 1800 and it was called a revolution because it was a successful transfer from one political party to another done without violence (Federalist to Democratic-Republican)
671526022	12th Amendment	Required presidential electors to vote separately for president and vice president; on 2 different ballots
671526023	Vice-President Burr	was one of the leading Democratic-Republicans of New york, and served as a U.S. Senator from New York from 1791-1797. He was the principal opponent of Alexander Hamilton's Federalist policies. In the election of 1800, Burr tied with Jefferson in the Electoral College. The House of Representatives awarded the Presidency to Jefferson and made him Vice- President.
671526024	Sec. of Treasury Gallatin	was a Swiss immigrant who was a financial genius and served as U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1801 - 1814 under Presidents Jefferson and Madison. He advocated free trade and opposed the Federalists' economic policies. he was a member of the U.S. delegation that negotiated the Treaty of Ghent, and later served as Ambassador to France and to Britain.
671526025	mignight judges	They were 42 Judges appointed by Adams, as he was leaving presidency, enstated in order to take power away from new president Jefferson. This led to the Marbury vs. Madison case.
671526026	Justice Samuel Chase	A Federalist judge appointed by Washington to the Supreme Court. Chase had been a Revolutionary War hero, and was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson disagreed with his rulings and had him impeached for publicly criticizing the Jefferson administration to the Maryland grand jury. Chase was acquited by the Senate, and the impeachment failed. (This is the only attempt in history to impeach a U.S. Supreme Court Justice.)
671526027	Toussaint L'Overture	1803 - Led a slave rebellion which took control of Haiti, the most important island of France's Caribbean possessions. The rebellion led Napoleon to feel that New World colonies were more trouble than they were worth, and encouraged him to sell Louisiana to the U.S.
671526028	Louisiana Purchase	The U.S., under Jefferson, bought the Louisiana territory from France, under the rule of Napoleon, in 1803. The U.S. paid $15 million for the Louisiana Purchase, and Napoleon gave up his empire in North America. The U.S. gained control of Mississippi trade route and doubled its size.
671526029	Lewis and Clark	1804-1806 - Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were commissioned by Jefferson to map and explore the Louisiana Purchase region. Beginning at St. Louis, Missouri, the expedition travelled up the Missouri River to the Great Divide, and then down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. It produced extensive maps of the area and recorded many scientific discoveries, greatly facilitating later settlement of the region and travel to the Pacific coast.
671526030	Zebulon Pike	American soldier and explorer whom Pikes Peak in Colorada is named. His Pike expedition often compared to the Lewis and Clark expedition, mapped much of the southern portion of the Louisiana Purchase
671526031	Hamilton-Burr duel	Duel between two prominent politicians that ended fatally. Arose from long-standing political and personal bitterness that had developed between both men over a course of several years. Fought during a time when dueling was illegal.
671526032	Tripolitan War (1801-1805)	Also called the Barbary Wars, this was a series of naval engagements launched by President Jefferson in an effort to stop the attacks on American merchant ships by the Barbary pirates. The war was inconclusive, afterwards, the U.S. paid a tribute to the Barbary states to protect their ships from pirate attacks; against North-African nation of Tripoli over piracy
671526033	Chesapeake-Leopard Affair	1807 - The American ship Chesapeake refused to allow the British on the Leopard to board to look for deserters. In response, the Leopard fired on the Chesapeake. As a result of the incident, the U.S. expelled all British ships from its waters until Britain issued an apology. They surrendered the colony to the English on Sept. 8, 1664.
671526034	Embargo of 1807	This act issued by Jefferson forbade American trading ships from leaving the U.S. It was meant to force Britain and France to change their policies towards neutral vessels by depriving them of American trade; Hcurt the national economy, so it was replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act.
671526035	Election of 1808	James Madison (Republican) vs. Thomas Pickney (Federalist)/ Madison won
671526036	James Madison	The 4th President of the United States (1809-1817). A member of the Continental Congress (1780-1783) and the Constitutional Convention (1787), he strongly supported ratification of the Constitution (father of the constitution) and was a contributor to The Federalist Papers (1787-1788), which argued the effectiveness of the proposed constitution. Guided nation through War of 1812; author of the Bill of Rights
671526037	Non-Intercourse Act	1809 - Replaced the Embargo of 1807. Unlike the Embargo, which forbade American trade with all foreign nations, this act only forbade trade with France and Britain. It did not succeed in changing British or French policy towards neutral ships, so it was replaced by Macon's Bill No. 2.
671526038	Macon's Bill No. 2	1810 - Forbade trade with Britain and France, but offered to resume trade with whichever nation lifted its neutral trading restrictions first. France quickly changed its policies against neutral vessels, so the U.S. resumed trade with France, but not Britain.
671526039	Orders in Council	British laws which led to the War of 1812. Orders-in-council passed in 1807 permitted the impressment of sailors and forbade neutral ships from visiting ports from which Britain was excluded unless they first went to Britain and traded for British goods; edicts that closed European ports to foreign shipping unless they stopped first in a British port
671526040	Impressment	British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service
671526041	Battle of Tippecanoe	Battle between Americans and Native Americans. Tecumseh and the Prophet attempted to oppress white settlement in the West, but defeated by William Henry Harrison. Led to talk of Canadian invasion and served as a cause to the War of 1812; ends attempt to unite all tribes in Mississippi.
671526042	Tecumseh	a famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement (1768-1813)
671526043	Red Stick Confederacy	Alliance of Creek Indian groups east of the Mississippi allied with Tecumseh to resist white expansion during war of 1812
671526044	War Hawks	members of Congress from the South and the West who called for war with Britain prior to the War of 1812; Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain & who wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand.
671526045	War of 1812	War between the U.S. and Great Britain which lasted until 1814, ending with the Treaty of Ghent and a renewed sense of American nationalism; trying to interfere with American trade with France
671526046	Battle of Thames	The Battle of Thames was fought at the River Thames in Canada on October 13, 1813. In this battle, the redcoats were overtaken by General Harrison and his army after they had withdrawn from Fort Malden. A Shawnee chief, Tecumseh, fought for the British and lost his life. With his death came the death of his confederacy.
671526047	Battle of Plattsburgh	Battle where Thomas McDonough defeated the British in the North and secured the border of US
671526048	Fort McHenry	Fort in Baltimore Harbor unsuccessfully bombarded by the British in September 1814; Francis Scott Key, a witness to the battle, was moved to write the words to "The Star-Spangled Banner".
671526049	Francis Scott Key	United States lawyer and poet who wrote a poem after witnessing the British attack on Baltimore during the War of 1812
671526050	Washington DC	the capital of the United States
671526051	USS Constitution	warship which defeated the British Warship Guerriere in 1812 -- called "Old Ironsides"; first ironclad ship
671526052	Jackson's victory at New Orleans	January, 1815 - A large British invasion force was repelled by Andrew Jackson's troops at New Orleans. Jackson had been given the details of the British army's battle plans by the French pirate, Jean Laffite. About 2500 British soldiers were killed or captured, while in the American army only 8 men were killed. Neither side knew that the Treaty of Ghent had ended the War of 1812 two weeks before the battle. This victory inspired American nationalism.
671526053	Clay's American System	Establish protective tariff, bring back national bank and sponser development of transportation systems (after war of 1812)
671526054	Blue Light Federalists	derogatory term used by those who believed certain Federalists to have made friendly ("blue-light") signals to British ships in the War of 1812 to warn the British of American blockade runners, the specific event supposedly happening in 1813, in New London, Connecticut, when Commodore Stephen Decatur saw blue lights burning near the mouth of the New London river in sight of the British blockaders. He was convinced that these were signals to betray his plans.
671526055	Hartford Convention	Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalists much influence.
671526056	Treaty of Ghent	December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.
671526057	American System	an economic regime pioneered by Henry Clay which created a high tariff to support internal improvements such as road-building. This approach was intended to allow the United States to grow and prosper by themselves This would eventually help America industrialize and become an economic power.
671526058	Second bank of the US	John C. Calhoun introduced this to help the financial stability of the country by issuing national currency and regulating state banks
671526059	Tariff of 1816	This protective tariff helped American industry by raising the prices of British manufactured goods, which were often cheaper and of higher quality than those produced in the U.S.
671526060	James Monroe	He was the 5th President of the United States. He is the author of the Monroe Doctrine. Proclaimed that Americas should be closed to future European colonization & free from European interference in sovereign countries' affairs. Further stated the United States' intention to stay neutral in European wars; begins expansionism including Florida and Missouri, reigning over the Era of Good Feelings
671526061	Bonus Bill	Called by Calhoun to use the bonus paid by the bank and distribute it equally among every state for improvements; provided bonus money for World War 1 veterans. Each veteran would receive $1000
671526062	Rush-Bagot Treaty	The Treaty demilitarized the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain, where many British naval armaments and forts still remained, and laid the basis for a demilitarized boundary between the US and British North America This agreement was indicative of improving relations between the United States and Britain during this time period following the end of the War of 1812.
671526063	Convention of 1818	Treaty between England and the United States that set the northern American border at the 49th parallel and stated Oregon as a joint occupation.
671526064	Panic of 1819	Economic panic caused by extensive speculation and a decline of European demand for American goods along with mismanagement within the Second Bank of the United States. Often cited as the end of the Era of Good Feelings.
671526065	Adams-Onis Treaty	1819. Settled land dispute between Spain and United States as a result of tensions brought on by weakening Spanish power in the New World. U.S. gained Florida in exchange for $5 million and renounced any claims on Texas and settled boundary between two countries to the Pacific Ocean; US got Florida from Spain
671526066	Monroe Doctrine	A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere.
671526067	Election of 1820	this election was James Monroe's re-election that was unopposed meaning nobody ran against it. Monroe toured the whole nation and got all but 1 electoral vote. Federalist party no longer existed.
671526068	Era of Good Feelings	A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts.
671526069	Development of Sectionalism	Sectionalism in 1800's America refers to the different economies, social structures, customs, and political values of the North and South; North & South interests differed
671526070	Textiles	fabrics that are woven or knitted; material for clothing; 1st industry to be industrialized in the 18th century.
671526071	Urbanization	the growth of cities and the migration of people into them
671526072	Corn is King	Key element of US supply (?)
671526073	Cotton is King	Cotton became a very powerful crop to both North and South. 75 percent of all cotton growth came from the colonies. Cotton made the South popular. They would win a war because of cotton. Britain also depended on cotton, which gave the South power as well. NO place for immigrants in Cotton Kingdom structure, so they went north. The north diversified, got new people, new culture, grew. South stayed "Anglo-Saxon" (WASPS)
671526074	Samuel Slater	He was a British mechanic that moved to America and in 1791 invented the first American machine for spinning cotton. He is known as "the Father of the Factory System" and he started the idea of child labor in America's factories.
671526075	Robert Fulton	American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)
671526076	Clermont	Fulton's steamboat in 1807 which powered on/by a newly designed engine. It took the Clermont 32 hours to go 150 miles from New York to Albany.
671526077	Eli Whitney	an American inventor who developed the cotton gin. Also contributed to the concept of interchangeable parts that were exactly alike and easily assembled or exchanged
671526078	Interchangeable parts	identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing
671526079	Cotton Gin	Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It removed seeds from cotton fibers. Now cotton could be processed quickly and cheaply. Results: more cotton is grown and more slaves are needed for more acres of cotton fields
671526080	Lowell, Massachusetts	city in Massachusetts with many textile mills, employed many women for labor, named after Francis Cabot Lowell
671526081	Daniel Webster	Famous American politician and orator. he advocated renewal and opposed the financial policy of Jackson. Many of the principles of finance he spoke about were later incorporated in the Federal Reserve System. Would later push for a strong union.
671526082	Internal Improvements	federal projects, such as canals and roads, to develop the nation's transportation system
671526083	Early RR and Canals	Early forms of transportation/transportation routes
671526084	Cumberland Road	The first highway built by the federal government. Constructed during 1825-1850, it stretched from Pennsylvania to Illinois. It was a major overland shipping route and an important connection between the North and the West.
671526085	John Marshall	created the precedent of judicial review; ruled on many early decisions that gave the federal government more power, especially the supreme court
671526086	Marbury v. Madison	The 1803 case in which Chief Justice John Marshall and his associates first asserted the right of the Supreme Court to determine the meaning of the U.S. Constitution. The decision established the Court's power of judicial review over acts of Congress, (the Judiciary Act of 1789).
671526087	McCullough v. Maryland	1819 ruling by the Supreme Court stating that Maryland could not tax the local office of the Bank of the United States because it was the property of the National Gov't
671526088	Dartmouth v. New Hampshire	1819. New Hampshire government attempted to take Dartmouth's land and force the college to become a college institution; Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that because the college's charter was a legal contract, it had to stand and the state could not take over the college
671526089	Gibbons v. Ogden	This case involved New York trying to grant a monopoly on waterborne trade between New York and New Jersey. Judge Marshal, of the Supreme Court, sternly reminded the state of New York that the Constitution gives Congress alone the control of interstate commerce. Marshal's decision, in 1824, was a major blow on states' rights.
671526090	Worchester v. Georgia	The Supreme Court decided Georgia had no jurisdiction over Cherokee reservations. Georgia refused to enforce decision and President Jackson didn't support the Court.
671526091	Missouri Compromise	The issue was that Missouri wanted to join the Union as a slave state, therefore unbalancing the Union so there would be more slave states then free states. The compromise set it up so that Maine joined as a free state and Missouri joined as a slave state. Congress also made a line across the southern border of Missouri saying except for the state of Missouri, all states north of that line must be free states or states without slavery.
671526092	John Quincy Adams	Secretary of State, He served as sixth president under Monroe. In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain gave the United States Florida in exchange for the United States dropping its claims to Texas. The Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams' work.
671526093	Election of 1824	No one won a majority of electoral votes, so the House of Representatives had to decide among Adams, Jackson, and Clay. Clay dropped out and urged his supporters in the House to throw their votes behind Adams. Jackson and his followers were furious and accused Adams and Clay of a "corrupt bargain."
671526094	"Corrupt Bargain"	In the election of 1824, none of the candidates were able to secure a majority of the electoral vote, thereby putting the outcome in the hands of the House of Representatives, which elected John Quincy Adams over rival Andrew Jackson. Henry Clay was the Speaker of the House at the time, and he convinced Congress to elect Adams. Adams then made Clay his Secretary of State.

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Chap. 32: The Politics of Boom and Bust Flashcards

American Pageant - AP US History

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54417804	Warren G. Harding	he had a mediocre mind and he did not like to hurt people's feelings; could not detect the corruption within his administration
54417805	Charles Evans Hughes	Secretary of State under Harding, Proposed a 10-year moratorium on the construction of major new warships at the Washington Conference
54417806	Andrew Mellon	Secretary of the Treasury. Successfully pushed congress to lower taxes
54417807	Charles R. Forbes	head of the Veterans Bureau, was caught stealing $200 million from the government, chiefly in connection with the building of veterans' hospitals.
54417808	Herbert Hoover
54417809	Albert B. Fall	Scheming anti-conservationist. Secretary of Interior who got oil reserves transferred to Interior Dept. (wolf hired to protect the sheep), corrupt.
54417810	Harry M. Daugherty	Harding's Attorney Gen. was supposed to prosecute wrong dooers but instead was a big time crook in "Ohio Gang" accused of illegal sale of pardons & liquor permits. Forced to resign but not convicted.
54417811	Calvin Coolidge	Became president when Harding died. Tried to clean up scandals. Business prospered and people's wealth increased. Shy, dour serious visage. Called "silent Cal" - known for brilliant flashes of silence. Mediocre leadership skills, boring speeches. High priest of the great god Business.
54417812	John W. Davis	Democratic - nominee for President. Wealthy corporation lawyer connecting with wall street banking house of JP Morgan & co.
54417813	Robert La Follette	Progressive Wisconsin governor who attacked machine politics and pressured the state legislature to require each party to hold a direct primary
54417814	Alfred E. Smith	Governor of New York who ran as a Democrat for the 1928 elections: a man who was blanketed by scandal (he drank during a Prohibitionist era,and was hindered politically by being a Roman Catholic).
54417815	Douglas MacArthur	United States general who served as chief of staff and commanded Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II
54417816	"Ohio Gang"	accused of illegal sale of pardons & liquor permits
54417817	Railway Labor Board	1922 ordered 12% wage cut
54417818	trade association	Set up by big industrialists, these agencies used to agree upon standardization of product, publicity campaigns and a united front in dealing with railroads and labor... ran counter to spirit of anti-trust legislation but creation was encouraged by H. Hoover.
54417819	American Legion	World War 1 veterans group that promoted patriotism and economic benefits for former servicemen
54417820	Adjusted Compensation Act	1924; end of bonus debate; every soldier gets insurance policy due in 20 years
54417821	Washington Conference	(1921) Conference of major powers to reduce naval armaments among Great Britain, Japan, France, Italy, and the United States.
54417822	Kellogg-Briand Pact	aka Pact of Paris. "outlawry of war" - quarreling nations should take a pledge not to use war as an instrument of foreign policy
54417823	Fordney-McCumber Tariff	spurred by fear of flood of cheap foreign goods from Europe. raised tariff rates
54417824	Teapot Dome	a government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921 - led to conviction & prison for sec. of interior Albert Fall.
54417825	McNary-Haugen Bill	Kept agricultural prices high by authorizing gov. to buy crops to sell to abroad - Coolidge vetoed the bill twice
54417826	Dawes Plan	A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success.
54417827	"Rum Romanism and Ruin"	x
54417828	"Hoovercrats"	x
54417829	Farm Board	Created in 1929 before the crash but supported and enacted to meet the economic crisis and help farmers. Authorized to help farmers stabilize prices by temporarily holding surplus grain and cotton in storage.
54417830	Hawley-Smoot Tariff	raised tarriffs
54417831	Black Tuesday	October 29, 1929; the day the stock market crashed. Lead to the Panic of 1929
54417832	Rugged Individualism	The belief that all individuals, or nearly all individuals, can succeed on their own and that government help for people should be minimal. Popularly said by Hertbert Hoover.
54417833	Muscle Shoals Bill	Bills that would allocate funds to dam the Tennessee River and provide employment, is vetoed by Hoover
54417834	Reconstruction Finance Corporation	Congress set up $2 billion. It made loans to major economic institutions such as banks, insurance companies and railroads.
54417835	Pump-Priming	Roosevelt's plan to improve the depression by pumping up money from the working people
54417836	Yellow-Dog Contracts	employee forced to sign contract promising not to join union
54417837	Bonus Army	WWI veterans who marched on Washington demanding their $1,000 bonus pay before the 1945 due date.
54417838	Manchuria	First area invaded by Japan in 1931
54417839	Stimson Doctrine	1932, Hoover's Secretary of State said the US would not recognize territorial changes resulting from Japan's invasion of Manchuria
54417840	Warren's Republican economic policies	Not Lassiez Faire - instead hoped gov't would help business earn more profits
54417841	Muller v Oregon	1908 - Supreme Court upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health, 1908;
54417842	Veterans Bureau	authorized to help veterans with hospital needs, food, etc
54436346	Progressive Party - election of 1924	La Follette - Platform: Gov't ownership of railroads, relief for farmers, anti-monolopy, pro labor, limit supreme court's power to invalidate laws already passed by congress

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Chemistry Final Outline Flashcards

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404459611	Actual yield	the amount of product that actually forms when the reaction is carried out in the laboratory
404459612	Excess reagent	the reagent that is not completely used up in a reaction
404459613	Limiting reagent	the reagent that determines the amount of product that can be formed by a reaction
404459614	Mole ratio	a conversion factor derived from the coefficients of a balanced chemical equation interpreted in terms of moles
404459615	Percent yield	the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield expressed as a percent
404459616	Stoichiometry	a subject of chemistry about the calculation of quantities in chemical reactions
404459617	Theoretical yield	the maximum amount of product that could be formed from given amounts of reactants
404459618	Phase diagram	a graph that shows the relationships among the solid, liquid, and vapor states (or phases) of a substance in a sealed container gives the conditions of temperature and pressure at which a substance exists as solid, liquid, and gas (vapor) The conditions of pressure and temperature at which two phases exist in equilibrium are indicated on a phase diagram by a line separating the phases
404459619	Compressibility	a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure
404459620	Diffusion	the tendency of molecules to more toward areas of lower concentration until the concentration is uniform throughout
404459621	Effusion	during it, a gas escapes through a tiny hole in its container
404459622	Partial pressure	the contribution each gas in a mixture makes to the total pressure
404459623	Aqueous solution	water than contains dissolved substances
404459624	Electrolyte	a compound that conducts an electric current when it is in an aqueous solution or in the molten state
404459625	Hydrate	a compound that contains water of hydration
404459626	Nonelectrolyte	a compound that does not conduct an electric current in either aqueous solution or the molten state Most molecular compounds are nonelectrolytes because they are not composed of ions
404459627	Solute	the dissolving particles in a solution
404459628	Solvent	the dissolving medium in a solution
404459629	Colligative property	a property that depends only upon the number of solute particles, and not upon their identity Three important _________________ of solutions are vapor-pressure lowering, boiling-point elevation, and freezing-point depression
404459630	Miscible	two liquids are miscible if they dissolved each other in all proportions. In such solutions, the liquid that is present in the larger amount is usually considered the solvent
404459631	Immiscible	liquids that are insoluble in one another example is oil and water
404459632	Molarity	(m) the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution also known as molar concentration
404459633	Molality	(M) the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 kilogram (1000 g) of solvent also known as molal concentration
404459634	Mole fraction	the ratio of the moles of that solute to the total number of moles of solvent and solute
404459635	Saturated solution	contains the maximum amount of solute for a given quantity of solvent at a constant temperature and pressure
404459636	Unsaturated solution	a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution at a given temperature and pressure If additional solute is added to an unsaturated solution, the solute will dissolve until the solution is saturated
404459637	Solubility	the amount of a substance that dissolves in a given quantity of solvent at specified conditions of temperature and pressure to produce a saturated solution
404459638	Endothermic	one that absorbs heat from the surroundings in it, the system gains heat as the surroundings cool down
404459639	Exothermic	one that releases heat to its surroundings it in, the system loses heat as the surroundings heat up
404459640	Heat capacity	the amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of an object exactly 1oC depends on the object's mass and its chemical composition The greater the mass of the object, the greater its heat capacity
404459641	Specific heat	the amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1 g of substance 1oC Heat affects the temperature of objects with a high specific heat much less than the temperature of those with a low specific heat
404459642	Calorimetry	the precise measurement of the heat flow into or out of a system for chemical and physical processes in it, the heat released by the system is equal to the heat absorbed by its surroundings. Conversely, the heat absorbed by a system is equal to the heat released by its surroundings
404459643	Heat	represented by q energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference between them
404459644	System	the part of the universe on which you focus your attention in studying energy changes
404459645	Surroundings	include everything else in the universe
404459646	Hess's law of heat summation	states that if you add two or more thermochemical equations to give a final equation, then you can also add the heats of reaction to give the final heat of reaction
404459647	Enthalpy	(H) the heat content of a system at constant pressure is the same as this property The heat released / absorbed by a reaction at constant pressure is the same as the change in enthalpy
404459648	Law of conservation of energy	states that in any chemical or physical process, energy is neither created nor destroyed If the energy of the system decreases during that process, the energy of the surroundings must increase by the same amount so that the total energy of the universe remains unchanged.
404459649	Entropy	a measure of the disorder of a system
404459650	Le Chatelier's principle	if a stress is applied to a system in dynamic equilibrium, the system changes in a way that relieves the stress
404459651	Spontaneous reaction	occurs naturally and favors the formation of products at the specified conditions produce substantial amounts of products at equilibrium and release free energy
404459652	Nonspontaneous reaction	a reaction that does not favor the formation of products at the specified conditions do not give substantial amounts of products at equilibrium
404459653	Solubility product constant	an equilibrium constant applied to the solubility of electrolytes it is equal to the product of the concentrations of the ions each raised to a power equal to the coefficient of the ion in the dissociation equation can be used to predict whether a precipitate will form when solutions are mixed
404459654	Rate law	an expression for the rate of a reaction in terms of the concentration of reactants
404459655	Reversible reaction	one in which the conversion of reactants to products and the conversion of products to reactants occur simultaneously
404459656	Gibbs free - energy change	the maximum amount of energy that can be doubled to another process to do useful work
404459657	Free energy	energy that is available to do work
404459658	First - order reaction	in it, the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of only one reactant
404459659	Equilibrium constant	(Keq) the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations at equilibrium, with each concentration raised to a power equal to the number of moles of that substance in the balanced chemical equation
404459660	Chemical equilibrium	when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the reaction has reached a state of balance
404459661	Acid dissociation constant	the ratio of the concentration of the dissociated (or ionized) form of an acid to the concentration of the undissociated (nonionized) form The acid dissociation constant reflects the fraction of an acid in the ionized form Sometimes called ionization constants
404459662	Amphoteric	substance that can act both as an acid and base
404459663	Base dissociation constant	the ratio of the concentration of the conjugate acid times the concentration of the hydroxide ion to the concentration of the base
404459664	Buffers	a solution in which the pH remains relatively constant when small amounts of acid or base are added a solution of a weak acid and one of its salts, or a solution of a weak acid and one of its salts
404459665	Buffer capacity	the amount of acid or base that can be added to a buffer solution before a significant change in pH occurs
404459666	Conjugate acid	the particle formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion
404459667	Conjugate base	the particle that remains when an acid has donated a hydrogen ion
404459668	Titration	the process of adding a known amount of solution of known concentration to determine the concentration of another solution
404459669	Salt hydrolysis	in it, the cations or anions of a dissociated salt remove hydrogen ions from or donate hydrogen ions to water
404459670	Lewis acid	a substance that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond
404459671	Lewis base	a substance that can donate a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond
404459672	End point	the point of the titration at which the indicator changes color
404459673	Equivalence point	when an acid and base are mixed, the point when the number of moles of hydrogen ions equals the number of moles of hydroxide ions
404459674	Hydronium ion	(H3O+) a water molecule that gains a hydrogen ion becomes this type of positively charged ion
404459675	Oxidation	complete or partial loss of electrons or gain of oxygen
404459676	Reduction	complete or partial gain of electrons or loss of oxygen
404459677	Oxidation number	a positive or negative number assigned to an atom to indicate its degree of oxidation or reduction
404459678	Half - reaction	an equation showing just the oxidation or just the reduction that takes place in a redox reaction
404459679	Anode	the electrode at which oxidation occurs Because electrons are produced at the anode, it is labeled the negative electrode
404459680	Cathode	the electrode at which reduction occurs. Because electrons are consumed at the cathode, it is labeled the positive electrode
404459681	Battery	a group of cells connected together
404459682	Cell potential	the difference between the reduction potentials of the two half - cells
404459683	Electrolytic cell	an electrochemical cell used to cause a chemical change through the application of electrical energy uses electrical energy (direct current) to make a spontaneous redox reaction proceed to completion
404459684	Voltaic cell	electrochemical cells used to convert chemical energy into electrical energy
404459685	Salt - bridge	connects the half - cells a tube containing a strong electrolyte
404459686	Half - cell	one part of a voltaic cell in which either oxidation or reduction occurs
404459687	Isomers	compounds that have the same molecular formula but different molecular structures
404459688	Saturated compound	organic compounds that contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom = the alkanes are an example
404459689	Unsaturated compound	compounds that contain double or triple carbon-carbon bonds
404459690	Substituent	an atom or group of atoms that can take the place of a hydrogen atom on a parent hydrocarbon molecule
404459691	Alkanes	hydrocarbon in which there are only single covalent bonds
404459692	Alkenes	hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon-carbon double covalent bonds
404459693	Alkynes	hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon-carbon triple covalent bonds
404459694	Cycloalkanes	...
404459695	Ketone	an organic compound in which the carbon of the carbonyl group is joined to two other carbons The general formula = RCOR.
404459696	Hydroxyl group	the - OH functional group in alcohols
404459697	Functional group	specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions
404459698	Carboxylic acid	a compound with a carboxyl group The general formula for a carboxylic acid is RCOOH
404459699	Carboxyl group	consists of a carbonyl group attached to a hydroxyl group
404459700	Carbonyl group	a functional group with the general structure C = O
404459701	Aldehyde	an organic compound in which the carbon of the carbonyl group is always joined to at least one hydrogen The general formula = RCHO
404459702	Alpha particle	an emitted particle that contains two protons and two neutrons and has a double positive charge
404459703	Beta particle	an electron resulting from the breaking apart of a neutron in an atom
404459704	Fission	the splitting of a nucleus into smaller fragments
404459705	Fusion	it occurs when nuclei combine to produce a nucleus of greater mass
404459706	Gamma ray	a high - energy photon emitted by a radioisotope
404459707	Half - life	the time required for one - half of the nuclei of a radioisotope sample to decay to products
404459708	Positron	a particle with the mass of an electron but a positive charge
404459709	Transmutation	the conversion of an atom of one element to an atom of another element
404459710	Radioactivity	the process by which materials give off rays

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HL IB English: Literary Terms Flashcards

Literary terms from 1st and 2nd semester of my IB English HL class.

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161252742	Tragedy	a serious work, usually a play, in which the main character experiences defeat, brought about by a tragic flaw
161252743	Tragic Hero	the main character in a tragedy; in order to fit the definition, the hero must have a tragic flaw, which causes his or her downfall
161260414	Allegory	a story in which the characters, setting, and events stand for abstract or moral concepts
161260415	Aside	private words that a character in a play speaks to the audience or to another character and that are not supposed to be overheard by others onstage
161260416	connotation	all of the meanings, associations, or emotions a word suggests
161260417	Denotation	literal definition of a word
161260418	Diction	the language style of the writer, choice of words
161260419	Dramatic Irony	When the reader knows something the character does not
161260420	Epic	a narrative poem that contains a larger than life hero who embodies the values of a particular society
161260421	Ethos	Persuasion by credentials. Establishes credibility with the speaker
161260422	Foil	a character who sets off another character by strong contrast
161260423	Imagery	language that appeals to the senses
161260424	Irony	the contrast between expectation and reality
161260425	Logos	appeal by logic and reason. Using evidence to support the answer and lead to a conclusion
161260426	Motif	person, place, thing, or idea that recurs throughout a work
161260427	Paradox	an apparent contradiction that on closer inspection is actually true
161260428	Pathos	Persuasion by appeal to Emotion. or interests to arouse sympathy and gain support for an argument
161260429	Rhetoric	principals of writing: effectively, eloquently, and persuasively
161260430	Rhetorical appeals	persuasive devices by which a writer tries to sway an audience's response to a work
161260431	Sarcasm	a kind of particular cutting irony, in which praise is used taunting to indicate its opposite in meaning
161260432	Satire	a kind of writing that ridicules human weakness, vice, or folly to bring about social reform
161260433	situational irony	when what occurs is different from what is expected to occur
161260434	Soliloquy	a long speech in which a character who is usually alone onstage expresses his or her private thoughts or interests
161260435	Theme	the central Idea within a story
161260436	fiction	literature based on the imagination
161260437	short stroy	a tale meant to be read in one sitting
161260438	novel	a longer work of fiction
161260439	non-fiction	writing based upon fact -- essay, speech, biography
161260440	theme	author's central message or insight about life
161260441	plot	story line; series of related events
161260442	exposition	background information given at the beginning of a story; introduces characters and setting
161260443	complication	the onset and development of the major conflict
161260444	rising action	events leading to the climax
161260445	Crisis/Boiling Point	part of the action where the conflict reaches its greatest tension; a decision or an action to resolve the conflict is undertaken; leads directly to the climax
161260446	Climax	consequence of the crisis; the high point of action or tension in a story; no new major developments follow the climax
161260447	Falling Action	events after the climax, before the resolution
161260448	Resolution/denouement	final outcome of the story; tension and uncertainty are resolved
161260449	Freytag's Pyramid	placing a storyline within a visual concept map -- in his case, a pyramid: according to Freytag, a drama is divided into five parts, or acts -- exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and denoument or resolution
161260450	Foreshadowing	use of subtle hints or clues to suggest events yet to occur
161260451	Flashback	when the author interrupts the plot to relate events of an earlier time period
161260452	Suspense	feeling of curiosity or uncertainty about upcoming events
161260453	Conflict	struggle between opposing forces
161260454	Internal Conflict	conflict within a character; two sides of a character conflict with each other
161260455	External Conflict	conflict between characters/forces
161260456	Dilemma	situation where a person must choose between two equal alternatives
161260457	Point of View	perspective from which the story is told
161260458	Narrator	person who tells the story
161260459	Unreliable narrator	one whose motives, feelings and opinions affect his or her narration (first person)
161260460	First person	story told by a character in the story
161260461	Third person	story told by a voice outside the story
161260462	Third person limited	perspective focused mainly on one character; reader knows that character's thoughts/feelings
161260463	Third person omniscient	reader knows thoughts/feelings of all characters (all-knowing)
161260464	Third person objective	reader doesn't know thoughts/feelings of any character
161260465	Style	general manner of linguistic expression
161260466	Tone	writer's attitude toward her/his audience and/or subject matter
161260467	Mood	a feeling that the story suggests (may reflect the tone or may contrast with it)
161260468	Voice	a pervasive authorial presence
161260469	Prose	written language not presented in lines/verses (excludes poetry)
161260470	Register	level of formality
161260471	Diction	word choice
161260472	Syntax	sentence structure and word order
161260473	Denotation	dictionary definition of a word
161260474	Connotation	all of the emotions and impressions a word can suggest
161260475	Exaggeration/Hyperbole	exaggeration, often used for humor
161260476	Understatement	purposeful representation of something as less, or less important, than it is
161260477	Dialect	form of language spoken by people in a particular region
161260478	Colloquialism	"improper," casual language (slang)
161260479	Jargon	language specific to a profession, hobby or activity
161260480	Idiom	a phrase which has meaning that is not clear from the meaning of the words in it ("I'm at the end of my rope")
161260481	Physical setting	location in which the story takes place (both specific and general
161260482	Historical (temporal) setting	past, present, future, time of day/year/season
161260483	Cultural setting	values, art, religion, music of the society/culture in which the story takes
161260484	Local color	details specific to a particular geographical region
161260485	Gothic	barbaric, gloomy, grotesque, distorted, bizarre (from the Middle Ages)
161260486	Futuristic	type of science fiction; author takes you to places that do not now exist
161260487	Direct characterization	author tells the reader about the character directly
161260488	Indirect characterization	author shows the character's characteristics through her/his speech, actions, thoughts/feelings, and other characters' reactions to him/her.
161260489	Round character	complex, many-sided
161260490	Flat character	simple, two-dimensional
161260491	Dynamic character	character changes during a story
161260492	Static character	character stays the same during a story
161260493	Stereotype/stock	fixed or oversimplified idea of what a type of person or group is like
161260494	Protagonist	central character, focus of interest
161260495	Antagonist	person, idea or force who opposes the protagonist
161260496	Foil	a character who, by sharp contrast, serves to highlight and stress the distinctive temperament of another character
161260497	Motif	recurring image, word, action, idea or situation, tying into a theme
161260498	Symbol	in literature, something concrete which stands for something abstract
161260499	Universal symbol	a symbol recognized by many cultures
161260500	allusion	a reference to a famous person, place, thing or event, evoking associations
161260501	Irony	strong contrast between expectation and reality; outcome is the opposite of expectation
161260502	Situational irony	strong contrast between expectation and reality; outcome is the opposite of expectation
161260503	Verbal irony	character says one thing, but means the opposite (sarcasm)
161260504	Dramatic irony	when the reader knows something important that a character does not
161260505	Simile	comparison of two basically unlike objects using "like" or "as"
161260506	Metaphor	comparison of two basically unlike objects without "like" or "as"
161260507	Personification	human qualities are given to something that is not human (a type of metaphor)
161260508	Imagery	language which appeals strongly to the senses. Includes visual (sight), auditory (sound), gustatory (taste), olfactory (smell), tactile (touch), and kinetic (movement)
161260509	Tragedy	a literary work depicting serious events in which the main character who is often high-ranked and dignified, comes to an unhappy end; opposite of a comedy, which ends happily
161260510	verbal irony	contrast between what is said and what is meant
161260511	allusion	figure of speech which makes brief reference to an historical or literary figure, event, or object (ex: My love for you is as passionate as Romeo's for Juliet)
161260512	antithesis	a contrast or opposition of thoughts, usually in two phrases, clauses, or sentences
161260513	aphorism	a terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle (ex: "All animals are equal but some are more equal than others" from Animal Farm)
161260514	apostrophe	addressing someone or something not present as though present (ex: Death, be not proud)
161260515	archetype	a universal symbol (ex: green = hope, rebirth, renewal)
161260516	cacophony	the use of seemingly harsh, unmusical sounds to bring out the harshness of something
161260517	catharsis	Aristotle's word for pity and fear an audience experiences upon viewing the downfall of a hero
161260518	chiasmus	Aristotle's word for pity and fear an audience experiences upon viewing the downfall of a hero
161260519	colloquialism	the use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writing, colloquialisms give a work a conversational, familiar tone. Colloquial expressions include local and regional aspect (ex: Catcher in the Rye)
161260520	conceit	an extended metaphor - two unlike things are compared in several different ways
161260521	connotation	the emotional implications a word may carry
161260522	consonance	repetition of a consonant sound in two or more words in a line of verse (ex: "but yet we trust that somehow" - the "t" sound)
161260523	denotation	the exact definition of a word
161260524	diction	an author's specific choice of words
161260525	didactic	having the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially teaching moral or ethical principles
161260526	dramatic irony	when the audience or reader knows something that the character does not so that what he says is ironic (EX: Oedipus saying that he wants to catch who caused the plague when we all know that it was HE who caused the plague)
161260527	dynamic character	a character who changes dramatically over the course of a work
161260528	euphony	a quality or style marked by pleasing sounds
161260529	extended metaphor	a metaphor developed at a great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work
161260530	extended parallelism	the repetition of words or grammatical elements to achieve cumulative force and rhythm (EX: "the bear went over the mountain, the bear went over the mountain, the bear went over the mountain, to see what he could see/ to see what he could see, to see what he could see..)
161260531	figurative language	writing or speech not meant to be taken literally
161260532	foil	character who provides a contrast to another character, thus emphasizing the other's traits
161260533	hubris	the pride or overconfidence which often leads a hero to overlook divine warning or to break a moral law
161260534	imagery	devices which appeal to the senses: visual, tactile, auditory, olfactory, kinetic
161260535	irony	contrast between reality and expectation (ex: a fire house burning down)
161260536	juxtaposition	a poetic and rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another, creating an effect of surprise and wit
161260537	litotes	understatement employed for the purpose of enhancing the effect of the ideas expressed. Contains a negative (ex: that was no small task!)
161260538	mask (persona)	a character with a distinct identity created by an author to achieve a particular effect of or to deliver a particular message which reflect the author's viewpoint
161260539	metonomy	substituting a word naming an object for another word closely associated with it (ex: pay tribute to the CROWN, crown symbolizing the authority of the king and queen)
161260540	mood	the atmosphere of a literary work or the feelings that are elicited in the reader by the author
161260541	motif	a main theme or subject
161260542	oxymoron	technique used to produce an effect by a seeming self-contradiction (ex: cruel kindness)
161260543	paradox	a statement or concept that seems contradictory, unbelievable, or absurd but that may actually be true in fact (ex: war brings peace)
161260544	parallelism	refers to the repeated use of phrases, clauses, or sentences that are similar in structure and meaning. Writers use this technique to emphasize important ideas, create rhythm, and make their writing forceful and direct.
161260545	pedantic	teaching; instructive (a pedantic tone is usually stuffy and formal)
161260546	point of view	the perspective in which a story in told (1st person - I, 2nd person - you, 3rd person - he/she- omniscient narrator)
161260547	rhetorical question	a question that expects no answer. It is used to draw attention to a point and is generally stronger than a direct statement
161260548	shift	a change of feelings by the speaker from the beginning to the end, paying particular attention to the conclusion of the literature
161260549	situational irony	irony which arises from situations as opposed to verbal irony
161260550	static character	a character who remains unchanged by the conclusion of a work
161260551	stream of consciousness	narrative technique which presents thoughts as if they were coming directly from a character's mind (ex: Catcher in the Rye)
161260552	symbol	anything that stands for or represents something else
161260553	synecdoche	figurative language in which the part stands for the whole (ex: "nice wheels!" in commenting on a car)
161260554	syntax	the arrangement of words in a sentence
161260555	tone	the author's attitude towards a subject
161260556	understatement	statement in which the literal sense of what is said falls short of the magnitude of what is being talked about
161260557	verbal irony	a kind of irony in which words are used to suggest the opposite of their actual meaning
161260558	diction	word choice
161260559	vernacular	using the native language of a country or place; commonly spoken by the people of a particular country or place (ex: Huck Finn was written in the vernacular of the South)
161260560	allusion	a reference to another work of literature, person, or event
161260561	antithesis	the juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas to give a feeling of balance
161260562	aphorism	a short statement of truth or principle; an adage
161260563	apostrophe	address to an absent or imaginary person
161260564	archetype	a universal symbol
161260565	cacophony	harsh, unmusical sounds, used to bring out harshness of something
161260566	catharsis	Aristotle's word for pity and fear an audience experiences upon viewing the downfall of a hero
161260567	chiasmus	inversion in the second of two parallel phrases (ie. loving to live -- living to love)
161260568	colloquialism	A local or regional dialect expression. Slang, informal speaking that generally wouldn't be accepted in formal speech. Gives a work conversational, familiar tone.
161260569	conceit	an extended metaphor- two unlike things are compared in several different ways
161260570	connotation	the emotional implications a word may carry
161260571	consonance	Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity.
161260572	denotation	the most direct or specific meaning of a word or expression
161260573	didactic	instructive (especially excessively); usually for moral or ethical principles
161260574	dramatic irony	when a reader is aware of something that a character isn't
161260575	dynamic character	a character that changes dramatically over the course of a work
161260576	euphony	any agreeable (pleasing and harmonious) sounds
161260577	extended metaphor	A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work.
161260578	extended parallelism	the repetition of words or grammatical elements for cumulative force and rhythm
161260579	figurative language	writing or speech that is not meant to be taken literally
161260580	foil	character who serves by contrast to contrast another character
161260581	hubris	excessive pride or arrogance that results in the downfall of the protagonist of a tragedy
161260582	imagery	devices which appeal to the senses
161260583	irony	contrast between reality and expectation
161260584	juxtaposition	placing two elements side by side to present a comparison or contrast to express feelings of surprise and wit
161260585	litotes	a type of understatement in which an idea is expressed by negating its opposite (describing a particularly horrific scene by saying, "It was not a pretty picture.")
161260586	mask (persona)	a character with a distinct identity created by an author to achieve a particular effect of or to deliver a particular message which reflect the author's viewpoint
161260587	metonomy	Sustitute name, the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it (crown=queen/king)
161260588	mood	the atmosphere of a literary work or the feelings that are elicited in the reader by the author
161260589	motif	a main theme or subject
161260590	oxymoron	conjoining contradictory terms (as in 'deafening silence')
161260591	paradox	a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth. (ex. war brings peace)
161260592	parallelism	repeated uses of phrases, clauses, o sentences that are similar in structure and meaning, often used to emphasize important ideas, create rhythm, and make a point (forcefully and directly)
161260593	pedantic	teaching; instructive (a pedantic tone is usually stuffy and formal)
161260594	point of view	the perspective in which the story is told (1st 2nd 3rd person)
161260595	rhetorical question	a statement that is formulated as a question but that is not supposed to be answered
161260596	shift	a change of feelings by the speaker from the beginning to the end, playing particular attention to the conclusion of the literature
161260597	situational irony	an outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected (physical, not verbal)
161260598	static character	a character that does not change from the beginning of the story to the end
161260599	stream of consciousness	a style of writing in which the author tries to reproduce the random flow of thoughts in the human mind
161260600	symbol	something visible that by association or convention represents something else.
161260601	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole for a part (nice wheels=nice car)
161260602	syntax	the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences
161260603	tone	The author's attitude toward the subject
161260604	tragic flaw	the character flaw or error in judgement of a hero that leads to his downfall (ex: Oedipus's tragic flaw was his hubris)
161260605	understatement	saying less than one means, for effect
161260606	verbal irony	saying the opposite of what is meant
161260607	vernacular	native language of an area (ex: Huck Finn was written in vernacular)
161260608	voice	the "speaker" in a a piece of literature
161260609	Adjective	A word which qualifies or modifies the meaning of a noun; as in a 'red hat' or a 'quick fox'.
161260610	Adverb	A word which qualifies or adds to the action of a verb: as in 'he ran quickly', or 'he ran fast'.
161260611	Alliteration	the repetition of the same sound at the beginning of a word.
161260612	Assonance	The word is usually used to describe the repetition of vowel sounds in nieghbouring syllables.
161260613	Blank verse	Unrhymed iambic pentameter. Shakespeare's plays are largely blank verse, as are other Renaissance plays. Blank verse was the most popular in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in England.
161260614	Clause	A sentence or sentence-like construction included within another sentence.
161260615	Conjuction	A word used to connect words or constructions.
161260616	End-stopped	A line that has a natural pause at the end (period, comma, etc.).
161260617	Enjambed	The running over of a sentence or thought into the next couplet or line without a pause at the end of the line; a run-on line
161260618	Euphemism	The substitution of a mild or less negative word or phrase for a harsh or blunt one, as in the use of "pass away" instead of "die." The basic psychology of euphemistic language is the desire to put something bad or embarrassing in a positive (or at least neutral light).
161260619	Free verse	Verse that has neither regular rhyme nor regular meter. Free verse often uses cadences rather than uniform metrical feet.
161260620	Homophones	Words which sound exactly the same but which have different meanings ('maid' and 'made').
161260621	Irony	A mode of expression, through words (verbal irony) or events (irony of situation), conveying a reality different from and usually opposite to appearance or expectation. A writer may say the opposite of what he means, create a reversal between expectation and its fulfillment, or give the audience knowledge that a character lacks, making the character's words have meaning to the audience not perceived by the character.
161260622	Lexical set	Words that are habitually used within a given environment. Thus 'Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday...'
161260623	Parody	A satiric imitation of a work or of an author with the idea of ridiculing the author, his ideas, or work. The parodist exploits the peculiarities of an author's expression--his propensity to use too many parentheses, certain favorite words, or whatever. The parody may also be focused on, say, an improbable plot with too many convenient events.
161260624	Persona	The person created by the author to tell a story. Whether the story is told by an omniscient narrator or by a character in it, the actual author of the work often distances himself from what is said or told by adopting a persona--a personality different from his real one. Thus, the attitudes, beliefs, and degree of understanding expressed by the narrator may not be the same as those of the actual author. Some authors, for example, use narrators who are not very bright in order to create irony.
161260625	Personification	The attribution to a non-animate thing of human attributes.
161260626	Sarcasm	A form of sneering criticism in which disapproval is often expressed as ironic praise.
161260627	Syntax	A term designating the way in which words can be arranged and modified to construct sentences.

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IB English HL A1 Vocab (ALL) Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

107756881	frugal	miserly
107756882	feign	pretend
107756883	obstinate	stubborn
107756884	tacit	quiet
107756885	metafiction	stories within stories
107756886	incipit	the beginning
107756887	polysemic	many meanings
107756888	staid	consistent
107756889	overt	open
107756890	stoic	unmoved
107756891	anachronism	out of its time place
107756892	moniker	a nickname
107756893	prudence	with care
107756894	pragmatic	practical
107756895	auspicious	favorable
107756896	cower	crouch down in fear
107756897	malaise	sense of discomfort
107756898	meritorious	worthy of reward
107756899	cogent	persuasive
107756900	copious	a lot
107756901	epitome	an example of a class or type
107756902	pedestrian	ordinary
107756903	mundane	ordinary
107756904	banal	ordinary
107756905	lascivious	sexual
107756906	ennui	bored
107756907	furtive	secretive
107756908	enigma	a puzzle
107756909	hirsute	hairy
107756910	magnamious	generous
107756911	prosaic	plain
107756912	collude	collaborate to decieve
107756913	nonchalent	stoic
107756914	cahoots	peril
107756915	ubiquitous	widespread
107756916	imply	say through hinting at
107756917	infer	deduce
107756918	allegory	metaphorical story
107756919	polemic	evokes debate
107756920	xenophobia	fear for foreign things
107756921	verbose	wordy
107756922	coerce	forefully persuaded/dominated
107756923	forlorn	hopeless/dreary/sad
107756924	colloquial	everyday language
107756925	onus	responsibility
107756926	din	noise
107756927	denote	literal definition/synonym
107756928	connotation	deeper meaning/associations
107756929	insolent	disrespectful
107756930	indolent	lazy
107756931	hackneyed	overused/cliché
107756932	trite	overused/cliché
107756933	neologism	not in sequence (non-sequitor)
107756934	laconic	being very concise
107756935	avarice	greed
107756936	affable	friendly
107756937	amiable	friendly
107756938	amicable	friendly
107756939	culpable	guilty/blameworth
107756940	epigraph	a leading thing (poem, quote etc) into a written piece
107756941	visceral	gutteral/nearly instinctual
107756942	antithesis	opposite
107756943	salient	most important or prominent
107756944	alturism	generous
107756945	V	5
107756946	L	50
107756947	C	100
107756948	D	500
107756949	c	100
107756950	clandestine	secretive
107756951	vigilante	person who takes the law into their own hands
107756952	Vex	annoying
107756953	pontificate	to speak in a pompous manner
107756954	ardor	passion/intensity
107756955	arduous	laborious;difficult
107756956	augury	an indication
107756957	paradox	self-contradictory orabsurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.
107756958	din	loud, pleasant, prolongned noise/instilled in someone thru repition
107756959	abhorrent	inspiritng disgust and loathing
107756960	vicariously	experienced in the imagination through the feelings or actions of another person
107756961	adage	sayings
107756962	aphorism	sayings
107756963	maxim	sayings
107756964	virtuso	person highly skilled in music or another art
107756965	spartan	austere, harsh, bare, bleak
107756966	harbinger	a person or thing that announces/signals the approach of another
107756967	ephermeral	lasting for a very short time/temporary
107756968	adacrity	the willingness to take bold risks
107756969	abhor	regard with disgust/hatred
107756970	tenet	a principle or belief held as true by a person or group
107756971	aquit	free someone from a crimnal charge by a verdict of not guilty
107756972	recluse	a hermit, person who lives a solitary life and avoids others
107756973	exonerate	absolve someone from blame for a fault or wrongdoing
107756974	accurue	received by someone in regular or increasing amounts of time
107756975	flay	peel the skin (a corpse or carcass)
107756976	prodigous	impressive or abnormal
107756977	hamartia	a fatal flaw leading to the downfall of a tragic hero
107756978	hubris	excessive pride (check in Greek Tragedy for further context)
107756979	exposition	comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory
107756980	enmity	being actively opposed or hostile to someone or something
107756981	caesura	a break between words/stanzas/etc
107756982	epithet	an adjective or descriptive phrase expressing a characteristic of a person
107756983	impious/pious	devotion to religion
107756984	expiate	make amends or reparation for guilt or sin
107756985	pathos	evoke pity or sadness
107756986	sycophant	a servile flatterer, to act inferior to gain advantage
107756987	deus ex machina	unexpected power or event; a holy intervention
107756988	misanthropic	someone who does not like people
107756989	diadem	tiara
107756990	reticent	not revealting one's thoughts or feelings readily
107756991	burgeoning	begin to grow or increase rapidly; flourish
107756992	zealous	great energy or enthusiasm ; avid; eager
107756993	headonism	self indulgence, seek pleasure above all else
107756994	vacillate	alternate or waver between different opinions
126223204	...	...

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ib hl english vocabulary; first semester Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

110897231	feign	fake
110897232	obstinate	stubborn
110897233	frugal	sparse/being careful/sparing
110897234	miserly	hoarding
110897235	overt	open/obvious
110897236	stoic	emotionless
110897237	tacit	unwritten/unspoken
110897238	collude	collaborating for an unfair advantage (negative connotations)
110897239	frame story	larger, (beginning) story
110897240	metafiction	stories within stories
110897241	author agency	giving credit to the author
110897242	incipit	beginning of a text or story
110897243	polysemic	having many meanings
110897244	read	personal interpretation of a text
110897245	foreground	bring to the front (verb)
110897246	marginalize	push to the side (verb)
110897247	narrative gaps	gaps in narration
110897248	cower	cringe/hide yourself
110897249	moniker	nickname
110897250	pragmatic	practical
110897251	auspicious	favorable
110897252	prudent	careful
110897253	malaise	uneasiness/discomfort
110897254	anachronism	out of time/sync (wrong placement)
110897255	cohesive	togetherness
110897256	coherent	understandable
110897257	cogent	persuasive
110897258	pedestrian	ordinary, everyday
110897259	banal	ordinary (b)
110897260	mundane	ordinary (m)
110897261	malevolent	evil
110897262	epitome	essence, the very definition of
110897263	epiphany	moment of realization/insight
110897264	copious	a lot
110897265	hyperbole	exaggeration
110897266	staid	doesn't change much, static
110897267	idiom	an expression having a meaning that isn't deducible from the individual words. ex. a piece of cake
110897268	magnanimous	noble, generous, giving
110897269	prosaic	prose, lacking poetic qualities
110897270	nonchalant	casual
110897271	ennui	boredom
110897272	enigma	mystery, puzzle
110897273	colloquial	casual, everyday (language)
110897274	furtive	secretive
110897275	ubiquitous	omnipresent, hard to miss
110897276	in medias res	dropped in the middle of something (latin)
110897277	hirsute	hairy
110897278	allegory	extended metaphor, like a fable; usually has a hidden moral or political undertones
110897279	bildungsroman	coming-of-age novel
110897280	polemic	strong verbal or written attack against someone or something; debate, contrasting ideas
110897281	archetype	the type of character or plot that you would recognize/is familiar; typical
110897282	stock character	a static/flat character that still fulfills a certain role; stereotyped
110897283	round character	a character that grows/develops
110897284	coerce	persuade (an unwilling person) to do something by force or threats
110897285	xenophobia	fear of something that is strange or foreign
110897286	verbose	wordiness
110897287	peripatetic	someone who is nomadic and walks everywhere
110897288	onus	responsibility (connotation: burden)
110897289	sage	wise
110897290	non sequitur	not in sequence/out of place
110897291	din	noise
110897292	amicable	friendly (amic)
110897293	amiable	friendly (amia)
110897294	affable	friendly (aff)
110897295	vex	disturb/annoy
110897296	altruism	selflessness/not getting anything in return
110897297	salient	most important/most crucial
110897298	denotation	literal meaning of something
110897299	connotation	nuances/what you associate something with
110897300	hackneyed	overdone/overused
110897301	trite	hackneyed
110897302	insolent	rude
110897303	indolent	lazy
110897304	avarice	greediness
110897305	visceral	relating to deep inward feelings/instinctive feelings
110897306	culpable	blameworthy/guilty/deserving blame
110897307	laconic	very precise/concise
110897308	antithesis	opposite
110897309	augury	an omen
110897310	epigraph	quote/saying at the beginning of a story/chapter/novel/etc
110897311	paradox	a statement or proposition that, despite sound (or apparently sound) reasoning from acceptable premises, leads to a conclusion that seems senseless, logically unacceptable, or self-contradictory
110897312	pontificate	to preach/sermonize
110897313	clandestine	secretive/furtive
110897314	ardor	intensity of feelings
110897315	vigilante	righteousness (someone who takes the law into their own hands)
110897316	arduous	challenging/difficult
110897317	harbinger	an omen/message / a person who signals the approach of another
110897318	alacrity	haste
110897319	abhor	loathe
110897320	ephemeral	short, fleeting
110897321	adage	a type of proverb/expression ex. an apple a day keeps the doctor away (ad)
110897322	maxim	a type of proverb/expression ex. an apple a day keeps the doctor away (m)
110897323	aphorism	a type of proverb/expression ex. an apple a day keeps the doctor away (ap)
110897324	spartan	sparse, down to the bare essentials
110897325	pine	yearn, really want
110897326	virtuoso	master of something (professional)
110897327	tenet	belief, ideology
110897328	conscript	draft (ex. into the army) (by force)
110897329	rapacious	avarice/greedy
110897330	importune	beg
110897331	prodigious	large
110897332	flay	to skin
110897333	intrepid	brave
110897334	hamartia	the "fatal flaw"
110897335	hubris	excessive pride, arrogance
110897336	pedagogic	of or relating to teaching (pedagogne = teacher/mentor)
110897337	exposition	background knowledge
110897338	vacillate	go back and forth between a decision
110897339	reticent	hesitant
110897340	eponymous	when them main character of the book is also the title
110897341	enmity	hostility
110897342	lamentation	express sorrow
110897343	ostracize	exclude/keep someone out
110897344	supercilious	behaving or looking as though one thinks one is superior to other, expressive of contempt
110897345	beseech	plead
110897346	venerate	honor, respect
110897347	slander	hurting someone's reputation verbally
110897348	libel	written slander
110897349	thwart	ruin someone's plans/efforts/ambitions
110897350	tirade	rant (vocally) (t)
110897351	diatribe	rant (vocally) (d)
110897352	audacity	nerve/gall
110897353	perjury	lying under oath
110897354	waif	orphan
110897355	besmirch	damage the reputation of (someone or something) in the opinion of others
110897356	dogged	adamant/willful
110897357	glib	casual, offhand, lighthearted
110897358	supplicate	become more humble
110897359	apostrophize	address an exclamatory passage in a speech or poem to (someone or something).
110897360	coronet	crown
110897361	sycophant	someone who uses flattery to gain an advantage
110897362	impious	unholy
110897363	pious	religious
110897364	expiate	atone for, amend
110897365	epithet	name (moniker) ex. ivan the terrible
110897366	vitriol	bitter, scathing attack
110897367	pathos	sympathy, pity
110897368	catharsis	cleansing, emotional relealse
110897369	deus ex machina	any active agent who appears unexpectedly to solve an insoluble difficulty
110897370	misanthrope	someone who hates all people/mankind
110897371	zealous	passionate
110897372	zealot	fanatic
110897373	burgeoning	increasing/growing/blossoming
110897374	denouement	falling action, closure
110897375	proxy	a kind of substitute, a person authorized to act for another

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7th (YR 2) SAT Voacbulary Flashcards

P30 SAT Vocabulary for 7th Grade (Year 2)

Terms : Hide Images

639287206	Abbreviate	shorten, abridge
639287207	Abstinence	act of refraining from
639287208	Adulation	high praise
639287209	Adversity	misfortune
639287210	Aesthetic	pertaining to beauty
639287211	Amicable	agreeable
639287212	Anachronistic	out-of-date
639287213	Anecdote	short account of event
639287214	Anonymous	nameless
639287215	Antagonist	opponent
639287216	Arid	extremely dry
639287217	Assiduous	hard-working
639287218	Asylum	sanctuary
639287219	Benevolent	friendly, helpful
639287220	Camaraderie	trust among friends
639287221	Censure	to criticize harshly
639287222	Circuitous	indirect, roundabout
639287223	Clairvoyant	able to see the future
639287224	Collaborate	to work together
639287225	Compassion	sympathy, mercy
639287226	Compromise	to settle differences
639287227	Condescending	patronizing
639287228	Conditional	provisional, contingent
639287229	Conformist	follower of customs
639287230	Congregation	crowd of people
639287231	Convergence	joining of parts
639287232	Deleterious	harmful
639287233	Demagogue	rabble-rousing leader
639287234	Digression	straying from main point
639287235	Diligent	hard-working
639287236	Discredit	dishonor, disgrace
639287237	Disdain	to regard with scorn
639287238	Divergent	variant, moving apart
639287239	Empathy	sharing of feelings
639287240	Emulate	follow an example
639287241	Enervating	tiring, weakening
639287242	Enhance	improve, augment
639287243	Ephemeral	momentary, fleeting
639287244	Evanescent	short-lived, as an image
639287245	Exasperation	irritation, frustration
639287246	Exemplary	outstanding
639287247	Extenuating	guilt diminishing
639287248	Florid	flushed, ornate
639287249	Fortuitous	lucky
639287250	Frugal	thrifty
639287251	Hackneyed	overused, clichéd
639287252	Haughty	arrogant, condescending
639287253	Hedonist	pleasure seeker
639287254	Hypothesis	theory requiring proof
639287255	Impetuous	rash, impulsive
639287256	Impute	to attribute to someone
639287257	Incompatible	unable to work together
639287258	Inconsequential	trivial
639287259	Inevitable	unavoidable, certain
639287260	Integrity	honesty, decency
639287261	Intrepid	fearless, adventurous
639287262	Intuitive	instinctive, untaught
639287263	Jubilation	joy, exultation
639287264	Lobbyist	persuader of legislators
639287265	Longevity	long life
639287266	Mundane	ordinary, common
639287267	Nonchalant	calm, casual
639287268	Novice	beginner
639287269	Opulent	wealthy
639287270	Orator	speaker
639287271	Ostentatious	displaying wealth
639287272	Parched	dried up
639287273	Perfidious	disloyal
639287274	Precocious	talented beyond one's age
639287275	Pretentious	pompous, self-important
639287276	Procrastinate	to delay unnecessarily
639287277	Prosaic	run-of-the-mill
639287278	Prosperity	wealth, success
639287279	Provocative	inflammatory
639287280	Prudent	wise, careful, cautious
639287281	Querulous	irritable
639287282	Rancorous	hateful
639287283	Reclusive	withdrawn, hermit-like
639287284	Reconciliation	agreement after a quarrel
639287285	Renovation	state of being renewed
639287286	Resilient	quick to recover
639287287	Restrained	controlled, restricted
639287288	Reverence	profound respect
639287289	Sagacity	wisdom
639287290	Scrutinize	to observe carefully
639287291	Spontaneity	impulsive action
639287292	Spurious	phony, false
639287293	Submissive	meek
639287294	Substantiate	to verify, confirm
639287295	Subtle	elusive, sly, ambiguous
639287296	Superficial	lacking in depth
639287297	Superfluous	more than enough
639287298	Suppress	to end an activity
639287299	Surreptitious	secret, stealthy
639287300	Tactful	diplomatic, polite
639287301	Tenacious	persistent, resolute
639287302	Transient	temporary, fleeting
639287303	Venerable	respectable due to age
639287304	Vindicate	to clear from blame
639287305	Wary	watchful, alert

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