| CourseNotes

apush 28 test Flashcards

574048246	1. The political roots of the progressive movement lay in the	greenback labor party and populists
574048247	Female progressives often justified their reformist political activities on the basis of	their being essentially an extension of all woman's traditional roles as as wives and mothers
574048248	Lincoln Steffens, in his series of articles entitled The Shame of the Cities	unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government
574048249	Most muckrakers believed that their primary function in the progressive attack on social ills was to	make the public aware of social problems
574048250	Progressive reformers included which of the following:	Militarists, Pacifists Female Settlement workers, Labor unionists
574048251	The Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution was a key progressive reform designed to	make the Senate millionaire's club directly elected by the people
574048252	To regain the power that the people had lost to the interests, progressives advocated all of the following except	socialism
574048253	The settlement house and women's club movements were crucial centers of female progressive activity because they?	Introduced many middle-class women to a broader array of urban social problems and civic concerns.
574048254	In Muller v. Oregon, the Supreme Court upheld the principle promoted by progressives like Florence Kelley and Louis Brandeis that	female workers required special rules and protection on the job
574048255	The case of Lochner v. New York represented a setback for progressives and labor advocated because in its ruling, the Supreme Court	declared a law limited work to ten hours a day unconstitutional
574048256	The progressive-inspired city-manager system of government	c. was designed to remove politics from municipal administration
574048257	While president, Theodore Roosevelt chose to label his reform proposals as the	Square Deal
574048258	Teddy Roosevelt helped to end the 1902 strike in the anthracite coal mines by	threatening to seize the mines and to operate them with federal troops
574048259	The Elkins and Hepburn Acts were designed to	end corrupt and exploitative practices by the railroad trusts
574048260	The real purpose of TR's assault on trusts was to	prove that democratic federal government, not private business, goverened the U.S.
574048261	The Newlands ACt, passed under Theodore Roosevelt's administration, was designed to	reclaim and irrigate unproductive lands
574048262	The multiple-use conservationists generally believed that	the environment could be effectively protected without shutting it off to human use
574048263	The Panic of 1807 exposed the need for substantial reform in	U.S. banking and currency policies
574048264	While president, Theodore Roosevelt enhanced	the power and prestige of the presidency
574048265	Theodore Roosevelt is probably most accurately described as	a middle of the road politician
574048266	As president, William Howard Taft	was wedded more to the status quo than to progressive change
574048267	The Supreme Court's rule of reason in antitrust law was handed down in a case involving	Northern Securities
574048268	When Upton Sincalir wrote The Jungle, he intended his book to focus attention on the	plight of workers in the stockyards and meat -packing industry

Powered by Quizlet.com

APUSH Chapter 31 - American Life in the "Roaring Twenties" Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

359165415	"red scare" 1919-1920	A fear of Russia that ran high in the US even after the Bolshevik revolution of 1917. This resulted in a nationwide crusade against those whose Americanism was suspect.
359165416	Mitchell Palmer	Was head of the Witch hunt that was related to the red scare that occured around the time of the Russian revolution. He jailed anyone who spoke of communism or anarchy. The people who were put in jail were treated terribly.
359165417	criminal syndicalism laws	(1919-1920)Passed by many states during the Red Scare of 1919-1920, these nefarious laws outlawed the mere advocacy of violence to secure social change. Stump speakers for the International Workers of the World, or IWW, were special targets. Traditional American ideals of free speech were restricted.
359165418	Sacco Vanzetti Case 1921	Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants charged with murdering a guard and robbing a shoe factory in Braintree; Mass. The trial lasted from 1920-1927. Convicted on circumstantial evidence; many believed they had been framed for the crime because of their anarchist and pro-union activities. Despite criticism from liberals and radicals all over the world, the men were electrocuted in 1927.
359165419	Ku Klux Klan (Knights of the Invisible Empire	antiforeign, anti-Catholic, anti-black, anti-Jewish, antipacifist, anti-Communist, anti-internationalist, antievolutionist, antibootlegger, antigambling, antiadultery, and anti-birth control. It was pro-Anglo-Saxon, pro-"native" American, and pro-Protestant.
359165420	Emergency Quota Act of 1921	1921 legislation that limited immigration to 3% of the people of their nationality living in the US in 1910
359165421	Immigration Act of 1924	replaced #22 (Emergency Quota Act of 1921), cutting numbers to 2% using the census of 1890, favoring Northern Europeans. Japanese were outright banned from coming to America. marked the end of an era of unrestricted immigration to the United States.
359165422	Speakeasies	Secret bars where alcohol could be purchased illegally. The large profits of illegal alcohol led to bribery of police.
359165423	Al Capone	"scar face" United States gangster who terrorized Chicago during Prohibition until arrested for tax evasion (1899-1947)
359165424	Lindbergh Law 1932	Made interstate abduction in certain circumstances a death-penalty offense.
359165425	Gangsterism	prostitution, gambling, narcotics, and kidnapping for ransom in urban areas
359449790	John Dewey	He was a philosopher who believed in "learning by doing" which formed the foundation of progressive education. He believed that the teachers' goal should be "education for life and that the workbench is just as important as the blackboard."
359513634	Fundamentalists	old-time religionists, claimed that the teaching of Darwinism evolution was destroying faith in God and the Bible, while contributing to the moral breakdown of youth.
359513635	John T. Scopes	a science teacher who challenged the ban in Tennessee as unconstitutional and decided to test the law in the courts, he asked a friend to file suit against him for teaching evolution this was known as a popular case
359513636	Monkey Trial	Scopes was defended by Clarence Darrow, while former presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan prosecuted him. Scopes was found guilty and fined $100.-- a trial in dayton, tennesse (1925) debating weither or not creationism or evolution was taught in a school.
359513637	Andrew Mellon	Secretary of Treasury under President Harding, Coolidge and Hoover, who instituted a Republican policy of reduced government spending, lower taxes to the wealthy and higher tariffs
359513638	Bruce Barton	a leader of the advertising industry and author of a new interpretation on Christ in The Man Nobody Knows
359513639	Buying in credit in the 1920s	another new feature of the postwar economy. Prosperity thus accumulated an overhanging cloud of debt, and the economy became increasingly vulnerable to disruptions of the credit structure.
359513640	Henry Ford	United States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947)
359513641	Model T	the first widely available automobile powered by a gasoline engine
359513642	automobile industry	exploded, creating millions of jobs and supporting industries. America's standard of living rose sharply, and new industries flourished while old ones dwindled. The petroleum business experienced an explosive development and the railroad industry was hard hit by the competition of automobiles.
359513643	How did the automotive industry impact women?	It freed up women from their dependence on men, and isolation among the sections was broken down.
359513644	December 17, 1903	Orville and Wilbur Wright made their first flight, lasting 12 seconds and 120 feet.
359513645	Charles A. Lindberg	first man to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927. His flight energized and gave a strong boost to the new aviation industry
359513646	Guglielmo Marconi	invented wireless telegraphy (the telegraph) AKA RADIO in the 1890s.
359513647	Impact of the radio on society	the first voice-carrying radio broadcasts reached audiences. While automobiles were luring Americans away from the home, the radio was luring them back. Educationally and culturally, the radio also made a significant contribution.
359513648	Thomas A. Edison	One of the most prolific inventors in U.S. history. He invented the phonograph, light bulb, electric battery, mimeograph and moving picture -- MOTION PICTURE IN THE 1920s-- The Great Train Robbery (1903)
359513649	How did motion picture impact WWI?	It was used as anti-German propaganda.
359513650	Where did most Americans live?	In the 1920s, the majority of Americans had shifted from rural areas to urban (city) areas.
359513651	Margaret Sanger	United States nurse who campaigned for birth control and planned parenthood
359513652	Alice Paul	head of the National Woman's party that campaigned for an equal rights amendment to the Constitution. She opposed legislation protecting women workers because such laws implied women's inferiority. Most condemned her way of thinking.
359513653	National Women's Party in 1923	Led by Alice Paul to campaign for an Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution.
359513654	flappers	Explosion in sex appeal in America -- Young women rolled their stockings, taped their breasts flat, and roughed their cheeks. Women began to wear one-piece bathing suits.
359513655	Dr. Sigmund Freud	justified new sexual frankness by arguing that sexual repression was responsible for a variety of nervous and emotional ills.
359513656	Marcus Garvey	Many poor urban blacks turned to him. He was head of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and he urged black economic cooperation and founded a chain of UNIA grocery stores and other business
359513657	United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)	A black nationalist organization founded in 1914 by the Jamaican-born Marcus Garvey in order to promote resettlement of African Americans to their "African homeland" and to stimulate a vigorous separate black economy within the United States. (792)
359513658	H.L. Mencken	marriage, patriotism, democracy, and prohibition in his monthly American Mercury.
359513659	F. Scott Fitzgerald	This Side of Paradise in 1920 and The Great Gatsby in 1925.
359513660	Earnest Hemingway	He wrote of disillusioned, spiritually numb American expatriates in Europe in The Sun Also Rises (1926).
359513661	Sinclair Lewis	Main Street (1920) and Babbitt (1922).
359513662	Sherwood Anderson	Winesburg, Ohio (1919).
359513663	Bureau of the Budget	Created in 1921; its primary task is to prepare the Annual Budget for presentation every January. It also controls the administration of the budget; improving it and encouraging government efficiency.It was designed to prevent haphazardly extravagant appropriations.
359515302	Mellon's Accomplishment	As Treasury Secretary -- Believed taxes forced the rich to invest in tax-exempt securities rather than in the factories that provided prosperous payrolls. He helped create a series of tax reductions from 1921-1926 in order to help rich people. Congress followed by abolishing the gift tax, reducing excise taxes, the surtax, the income tax, and estate taxes. Mellon's policies shifted much of the tax burden from the wealthy to the middle-income groups. Mellon reduced the national debt by $10 billion.

Powered by Quizlet.com

Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

580393497	Do Eukaryotes have operons?	NO. Have Euchromatin (stretched out( and Heterochromatin (bundled up)
580393498	Problem encountered with Eukaryotic gene regulation	in a mutlicellular organism there are MANY TYPES oF CELL types. -They differ through VARIABLE GENE EXPRESSION -Genes must be able to be turned on/off at right times (luxury genes)
580393499	Transcription factors with motifs bind where?	to enhancer sequence -activator (pair of proteins)& TFs interact with mediator complex --> forms bridge arrangement
580393500	Insulators	can bind in bend of dsDNA which silences the gene downstream - bind between enhancer and promoter sequence
580393501	Enhancer sequences	- have ability to bind certain proteins in MAJOR GROOVE - Proteins= Transcription factors
580393502	Why are Transcription factors the ones that bind to major groove of enhancer sequences?	because they have motifs -motiffs are sequence specific on DNA -Major groove causes high affinity for a certain motif to bind
580405601	Activators	help bridge hap - engage protein in major groove
580405602	Enhancer sequences in SV40	- enhancer sequences are 72 base pairs -cell has 2 enhancer sequences ( but ONLY NEEDS 1) - enhancers right-ward transcriptions 200X when it has right transcription factors bound to it
580405603	How do we know that TF are what cause enhancement of transcription and not enhancer itself?	Because if enhancer sequence is put in backwards it still works
580405604	histone acetyl transferase	acetylates lysines (basic) of histone tails
580405605	Bromodomain sections of proteins interact with what?	interact with acetylated histone tails -found in many proteins that act to initiation transcription
580405606	Chromodomain sections of proteins interact with what?	interact with methylated histone tails
580405607	H1 histone	- known as linker histone - not in histone core
580405608	Histone core is composed of?	H2A, H2B, H3, H4 (2 copies of each) = 8 subunits
580405609	Which subunit usually makes the histone tail?	-H3 because it has regulatory ability in transcription -has 3 lysine residues (can be acetylated)
580405610	Acetylation	removes positive charge on histones, thereby decreasing N termini of histone tails with negative charges of phosphate groups on DNA -->condensed chromatin structure becomes more relaxed and is associated with greater levels of transcription
580405611	Lysines can be...?	-methylated: turns transcription off (locally) or -Acetylated= turns transcription on (Locally)
580440652	What allows Nucleosomes to be repositioned/rephased?	because they are wound loosely around DNA
580440653	What happens if one nucleosome moves downstream?	the others move downstream as well - this provides entry in transcription bubble - For RNA polymerase to enter, TATA region must open up
580440654	ATP- Dependent Remodeling Complexes	Nucleosome rephasing can be driven by ATP -Proteins (wall proteins around region of DNA/ chromatin) must have ATPase to make nucleosome travel
580440655	Example of ATP driven Nucleosome remodeling complex	"SWI/SNF" in yeast and "BAF" in vertebrates are associated with ATP dependent chromatin remodeling.
580440656	SWI/SNF is associated with?	activating transcription of genes at chromosome targets by causing sliding and/or transferring of nucleosomes. - has a bromodomain (interact with acetylated histone tails)
580440657	BAF is associated with?	usually repressed chromosomal gene targets
580440658	Why are ATP-dependent Chromatin remodeling complexes important?	- they are responsible for remodeling tissue - in mammals, 1 out of 12 subunits may be modified and results; this subunit determines which kind of cell will be made (muscle cell -> cardiomuscle cell)
580440659	Homing	ex) joining of a muscle tissue will "home" to a dead tissue of the heart -occurs because cells know where they are going; driven by remodeling complexes
580440660	Chromatin remodeling is carried out by?	Purpose: allow access to condensed genomic DNA to regulatory machinery proteins of transcription 1.) histone modifications 2) ATP driven chromatin remodeling complexes (move, eject, restructure nucleosomes)
580440661	Chromatin remodeling definition	is the enzyme-assisted process to facilitate access of nucleosomal DNA by remodeling the structure, composition and positioning of nucleosomes.
580440662	Argine and Lysine	both residues can be methylated
580440663	Define epigenetics	is the heritable change in gene expression (or cell phenotype) caused by mechanisms other than underlying DNA sequence -functional modification to genome that do not alter genetic sequence
580440664	Define chromatin	DNA associated with Histone proteins
580440665	Post-translational modification	post translational modification to amino acids in histones -shape of histone sphere would be changed -DNA is not completely unwound during DNA rep --> histones would be carried to new copy of DNA *this would ensure that differentiated cell would stay differentiated
581176674	What are the purpose of locus control regions?	they allow for ordered transcription of downstream genes *have ability to enhance regions of linked genes to physiological levels in specific tissue cells - they turn on which group of genes are expressed
581176675	What is an example of a set of genes under a locus control region?	Globulin genes (constituents of blood plasma/ made immune system)
581176676	What is the globulin gene sequence?	E, GAMMA (b), GAMMA (a), S, BETA ( time (fetal) ---> Adult)
581184473	what are luxury genes?	-genes coding for specialized cell products, synthesized abundandlty -they are tissue/organ specific (not expressed in all cells) -not constantly expressed/ expressed only when function is needed
581184474	What are housekeeping genes?	-genes that manufacture cell products needed for maintenance of basic cell function -expressed in all cells of an organism under normal conditions
581214613	how do locus control regions work?	- A signal from outside the cell causes signal transduction into the nucleus - first gene is produced (euchromatic state) and then turns itself off (by altering nucleosome structure)
581214614	What is Ligand Signal Trandsuction	Converting chemical/mechanic signal/stimulation into a cellular response -signal from outside of cell will allow a protein to enter nucleus and bind to dsDNA sequence turning on transcption (kinase -> phosphorylation)
581214615	NFkappaB pathway	-ligands cause NFkappB to turn on >150 genes in inflammatory/immune/during development 1) in nucleus NFKappaB is attached to & inhibited by IKappaB 2) phosphorylation of IKappaB releases NFKappaB to travel into nucleus and binds to enhancer sequence (turns on transcription) 3) IKappaB is ubiquinated (signaled for proteosome destruction) & NFkappaB can be activated by growth factors; important in learning and memory (synaptic plasticity) genes with NFKappaB binding sites have increased expression following learning -growth hormones can cause release of NFKappaB
581237148	How can a viral infection can turn on transcription of the human beta-interferon gene?	1) infection triggers 3 activator proteins (NFKappaB, JUN, IRF) 2) HMG + JUN + ATF bind to Enhancer1 & IRF binds to Enhacer2 & NFKappaB +HMG bind to Enhancer3 3) once all or abound dsDNA bends back on itself so that E1 is next to E3 (E2 is near/in bend) *we need bend to covert heterochromatin -> euchromatin (methyl -> acetyl group_); JUN binding to E3 allows for conformational bending 4) INFkappaB can be activated (once enhancers are bound and bend occurs) 5) INF-Beta gene is turned on and interferons proteins are made
581246365	RTKa (Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) pathway	1) signal molecules (insulin or EGF) binds to RTK 2) Adapter protiens, GBR2 & SOS bind to RTK. -adapter proteins change tertiary structure 3) RAS protein (GTP binding protein) is activated by adapter proteins 4) Activated RAS binds Raf which then phorphorylates MEK which then phosphorylates MAP (serene/threonine kinase) 5) MAP phosphorylates many transcription factors which travel to nucleus and bind to enhancer sequence * insulin is made by beta cells EGF (epidermal growth factor) = produced in wound healing RAS can also turn on/quicken cell division synthesis
581291322	JAK/STATs pathway	1) ligand (cytokine) binds to surface recepotors 2) squeezes together a pair of cell-membrane JAKs (is a kinase); become activated 3) JAks phosphorylates STAT "pairs" proteins (STAT= signal transduction activator) 4) STAT proteins dimeraize 5) Dimer enters nucleus 6) homodimer STAT binds dsDNA enhancer sequence -> activates transcription/ increases rate of transcription * Can have different types of JAKs --> lock and key fit for ligand * Dimer diversity is increased by formation of STAT heterodimers + homodimers
581484609	What is the different between 7-spanner receptors and RTK receptors?	no adapter proteins are needed
581484611	7-spanner receptors	7 turns within phospholipid bilayer hence "7 spanner" -activate trimeric g-proteins (alpha, Beta, and gamma units) 1) signal= light, epinephrine, seratonin, oderants 2) GTP, when bound toa alpha subunit activates Adenyll cyclase to ATP->cAMP. cAMP binds to Kinase A which phosphorylates many proteins (serines and tyrosines) to turn on nuclear transcription -GAP (GTPase activting protein) is required for alpha subunit to convert GTP->GDP -GI= g-protein inhibitor -> inhibits adenyl cyclase
581484613	Bacteria that cause cholera produce what? and How?	they produce toxins that lead to increased cAMP 1) cholera has toxin that catalyzes ADP to bind to alpha-subunit -> this disables GAP -> which disables GTPase -> GTP will build up b/c adenyl cyclase will be active 2) cAMP builds up in lump of interstitial cells 3) water follows cAMP concentration (osmotic balance) --> diarrhea
581484615	Bacteria that causes pertussis produce what? and How?	- they produce toxins that lead to constant turn on of adenyl cyclase 1) pertussis toxin is produced that binds to GI (g protein inhibitor) -> prevents Gi from binding to adenyl cyclase (alpha subunit) 2) prevents release of GDP from GTP, which prevents the inhibition of adenyl cyclase (GTP activates alpha subunit) 3) therfore continue to have adenyl cyclase 4) increases cAMP 4) leading to whooping cough (respiratory tract infection) -increase in cAMP causes delay in recruitment of phagocytes
581554243	NRPs (nuclear receptor proteins)	1) steroids -steroids bind to NRP homodimers which travel into nucleus and bind to inverted repeat enhancer sequence - Ex) estrogen, gluccorticoids 2) non-steroidal Hormones (vitaminD) -enters cytoplasm -froms heterodimer (zince-finger/Ns-NRP) -binds to DIRECT REPEAT
581554244	The specificity of hormone turn on depends on what?	the spacer between the direct repeat/ inverted repeat
581554245	Why is it hard to tapper of drugs?	-drugs are usually analogs of steroids there is a gradual decrease of dimer bound to enhancer ( causes bad side effects)
581554246	How does CG methylation turn of transcription?	-GC sites are upstream from gene -DNA is methylated after DNA strand is made (5-methyl cytosine) 1) methylatase adds methyl to C of 5' CG 3'. 2) MeCP2 recognizes methyl group -> recruits histone deacetylase 3) this causes change from euchromatin -> heterochromatin
581554247	What happens if a NRP does/does not carry a hormone?	-does not= deacetylation of histone tails in nucleosome -Does=cause acetylation of histone tails
581554248	What is the way of preserving a silencer that remains the exactly same?	1/2 methylation --> full methylation -silencing works because repressor protein sees fully methylated CG site after both strands are made (both sites) -turns of transcription but does not change genetic message (can be demethylated)
581554249	How to decrease affinity of MeCP2 for CG sites?	-phosphorylated MeCP2 has less affinity for methylated CG sites -in brain neurons BDNF phosphorylates MeCP2 -BDNF is made when neurons are depolarized (rising phase)
581554250	Retts Syndrome	- is caused by mutation in MeCP2 gene --> BDNF cannot deactivate MeCP2 and therefore have less access to genetic information (remains in heterochromatin); MeCP2 helps stop transcription
581601052	RNAi	-gene silencing process 1)droscher attaches to dsRNA (in nucleus) & reduces length of long dsRNA -droscher=nuclear bend 2) dsRNA goes to the nucleus where dicer attachers -dicers RNA -creates 2 base pair 3' overhang on each end -creates 21-23 base pair dsRNA 3) dsRNA binds to RISC -RISC complex has a 21-23 bp strand which takes one of the strands http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJ_0afWCmhk
581623558	Polycomb repression	-associated with chaingin Euchromatin to heterochromatin 1) PRC2 binds DNA and tri-methylates histone H3 lysinek27 (HH3K27) 2) After trimethylation PRC1 binds and leads to local turn of of transcription. * this is a reversible process. -MLL protein takes of 3 methyl groups attached to lysine and thereafter turns on transcription similarities between methylation and polycomb repression

Powered by Quizlet.com

US History Test Unit 1 Flashcards

US History Test on Unit 1 Moloney

Terms : Hide Images

639286754	Christopher Columbus	Spanish. 1492 sails ships Nina, Pinta, & Santa Maria. Landed in San Salvador but he thought he was in Asia. Triggered a wave of exploration.
639286755	Colonists Interaction with Native Americans	Native Americans and Europeans taught eachother how to grow things. Many indians died from diseases that colonists had. Measles, flu..etc.
639286756	Jamestown	English settlement in Virginia. Lead by captain John Smith. Funded by a joint stock company. Were helped by the "Powhatan Confederacy". Grew tobacco. 1619 formed the House of Burgesses to make their own laws.
639286757	Headright System	meant to encourage settlers. Each person got some land.
639286758	New England Colonies	Mostly Puritans. Valued religious devotion, hard work, and obedience to strict rules. Revolved around town life. Survived on substinence farming = raising only enough food to feed your family. Main crop = wheat. Prosperous lumber, shipbuilding, and maritime activity.
639286759	The Middle Colonies	Dutch claimed this land south of Connecticut. "New Netherland". New York = Holy Experiment. Many of the newcomers settled in the Middle Colonies. Economy was mostly wheat.
639286760	The Southern Colonies	Was a proprietary colony = one owned by an individual who could govern it in any way...ex., Maryland. Was a refuge for Catholics who were persecuted in England. Religious toleration. Agriculture was the focus.
639286761	Triangular Trade	Involved the exchange of goods among colonies, England, Carribbean sugar planters, and Africa. Brought a great wealth for merchants.
639286762	Forms of Servitude	Indentured servants, Native Americans, Slaves, English Convicts, Redemption System, and children.
639286763	Conditions of Slavery	10 to 12 mil were enslaved in America 1450-1870. Slave codes kept african captives from owning property, getting education, moving about freely..etc. Lived on plantations. Were threatened to be sold away from their families.
639286764	Slave Resistance and Rebellion	Slaves tried to run away. "Passive resistance". Stono Rebellion (1739) in South Carolina.
639286765	Colonial Life	Populations grew rapidly, high birthrates, improved housing & sanitation, but contagious diseases still remained a threat.
639286766	Glorious Revolution	William and Mary accept English Bill of Rights, meaning they can't do anything without parliament. W&M Permit RI and CONN to resume previous forms of gvt, and issue new charter for MA granting right to assemble and freedom of worship. Glorious Revolution suggested that revolution was justified when individual rights were violated.
639286767	The Enlightenment	theory that both the physical world and human nature operate in a natural way according to natural laws. Uses reason and logic.
639286768	John Locke	Most influential Enlightenment writers. "Two Treatsies of Government", words used by Jefferson in DOI - "natural rights". "Essay on Human Understanding". Refuted Divine Right
639286769	Jean-Jacques Rousseau	"The Social Contract"., Government should be formed on consent of the people who would then make their own laws
639286770	Baron Montesquieu	"The Spirit of Laws". 3 types of political power: Executive, Legislative, Judicial. Each branch would provide checks and balances to prevent government from abusing its authority.
639286771	Great Awakening	Lead to widespread resugence of religious fervor. Religious freedom and revival.
639286772	Effects of French-Indian War	1) Increased their colonial empire in the Americas 2) Greatly enlarged England's debt 3) Britian's contempt for the colonies created bitter feelings Therefore, England felt that a major reorganization of the American empire was necessary
639286773	Proclamation Acts of 1763	tried to halt colonial expansion into Indian lands west of the Applachian Mountains
639286774	Stamp Act of 1765	Required stamps to be bought and placed on most printed materials from newspapers to cards. Colonists ignored it and boycotted all goods from Britian.
639286775	The Townshend Acts	Passed by Parliament in 1767 to raise $$ from colonies. Put duties on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea.
639286776	Intolerable Acts	What the coercive acts and Quebec Acts became jointly to be known.
639286777	Whigs	Patriots. Believed British had become tyrants
639286778	Torries	Loyalists. Those who supported the king.
639286779	Advantage of Colonies during American Revolution??	Knew the lay of the land.
639286780	Declaration of Independence	July 4, 1776. Formally dissolved ties with Britain. Drafted by Thomas Britain. Includes a preamble (explains why the continental congress drew up the Declaration), natural rights, and their list of greivances.
639286781	Articles of Confederation	loosely unified US under congress. congress only had limited powers. Under them, each state only had 1 vote in Congress.
639286782	Problems w/ Articles of Confederation	Congress lacked power to handle other challenges. Couldn't stop states from issuing their own currency -> weakened economy. The hardest hit were poor farmers. People were wanting a strnoger central government
639286783	Shay's Rebellion	Famers in MA attacked state government. They were debt ridden.
639286784	Virginia and New Jersey plans	called the connecticut or great compromise. NJ had equal rep, VA had population rep., so they decided on a bicameral leg of the House of Reps and the Senate
639286785	3/5 Compromise	A slave would count as 3/5 of a person in taxation..etc.
639286786	Federalists	Favored strong national government led by the rich, well born and able. Were mostly manufacturers, merchants, and bankers.
639286787	Anti-Federalists	Wanted to put limits on the federal governments power, protection of state's rights.
639286788	Bill of Rights	protects the rights of individuals against the government. People have other rights not listed in the constitution, and adds any powers not specifically given to the federal government are resrved for the states.
639286789	Hamilton's Plan to pay off all debts	Create a national bank to manage the country's finances, Assumption, whiskey tax, encourage manufacturing, move national capitol to DC
639286790	Election of 1800	Republican nominee= Thomas Jefferson. John Adams. Election was close and was a tie. House votes in tiebraker, leads to 12th ammendment in 1804 providing for sep ballots for the president and VP
639286791	Marbury v Madison	Under Adams, he added new pro-fed judges. Jefferson didn't want new judges. Marbury = guy who never got comission for judge. Madison = Secretary of State who didn't want all these judges.
639286792	Louisiana Purchase	Under Prez Jefferson. Bought what Napoleon owned. Cost 11.25 mil + French debts of 3.75 mil
639286793	War of 1812	British were seizing US ships. Jefferson responds with unsuccessful trade sanctions. Madison (R) continues Jefferson's efforts and congress declares war. End of the federalist party.
639286794	Era of Good Feelings	More and more americans took pride in their contry. Lead to a lot of Nationalism.
639286795	McColloch v. Maryland	2nd bank of US located in Maryland, Maryland decides to tax the bank. Supreme court rules 2nd BUS constutional, but states can't tax the fed gvt.
639286796	Monroe Doctrine	British people can't own land
639286797	Transportation Revolution	Steam boats, trains..etc.
639286798	Industrialization	US industrialized quickly bc of system of free enterprise based on private property rights. Began in northeast.
639286799	Cotton	Spread of cotton plantations in the South boosted the economy, but created more of a demand for slave labor.

Powered by Quizlet.com

US HISTORY REGENTS REVIEW Flashcards

The most essential and often asked terms and Supreme Court Cases on the NYS US History Regents. Know these = pass your test!

Terms : Hide Images

618823565	Proclamation Line of 1763	Stated that no colonists could settle in lands to the west of the Appalachian mountains-- made the colonists very upset
618823545	Declaration of Independence	* Document adopted on July 4, 1776. * Established the 13 American colonies as independent states, free from rule by Great Britain. * Thomas Jefferson wrote most of it. * Explained to the world why we wanted our freedom.
618823535	Agriculture	Farming.
618823534	Articles of Confederation	1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade)
618823532	Anti-Federalist	a person apposed to the ratification of the US constitution, and wanted a bill of rights to be added.
618823533	Federalist	supporters of the constitution during the debate over its ratification; favored a strong national government
618823531	Amendment	a change to the Constitution
618823536	Bill of Rights	The first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution, containing a list of individual rights and liberties, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press.
618823541	Constitution	The document which established the present federal government of the United States and outlined its powers. It can be changed through amendments. Supreme law of the land.
618823537	Bicameral	a legislature consisting of two "houses"
618823538	Cabinet	people that advise the president and help set policy for the nation--an example of the unwritten Constitution
618823560	Unwritten Constitution	customs, traditions, practices not written in constitution that are part of our system of government--ie. the cabinet and two term limit.
618823539	Census	population count every 10 years, to determine the number of representatives in Congress for each of the states.
618823540	Checks and Balances	The power of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government to block some acts by the other two branches--ie. the veto, declaring a law unconstitutional, or impeaching a president.
618823547	Electoral College	the body of electors who formally elect the United States president and vice-president
618823542	Compromise of 1850	it abolished the slave trade in the District of Columbia, admitted California as a free state and opened much of the Mexican Cession to popular sovereignty
623105227	Monroe Doctrine	Europeans should not interfere with affairs in Western Hemisphere, Americans to stay out of foreign affairs; supported Washington's goal for US neutrality in Americas
618823548	Federalism	A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments
618823549	Federalist Papers	Series of essays that defended the Constitution and tried to reassure Americans that the states would not be overpowered by the federal government.
618823551	House of Representatives	One of the two parts of Congress, considered the "lower house." Representatives are elected directly by the people, with the number of representatives for each state determined by the state's population--has the power to impeach
618823553	Impeachment	Formal accusation against a president or other public official, the first step in removal from office.
618823554	Judicial Review	the power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional
618823555	Manifest Destiny	the belief that the United States was destined to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean
618823556	Andrew Jackson	As president he opposed the Bank of US, did not allow individual states to nullify federal laws, was responsible for the Indian Removal Act, the "Trail of Tears". Created Spoils System
618823557	spoils system	practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs
618823530	Abolition	the movement to end slavery
618823546	Dred Scott	A black slave, had lived with his master for 5 years in Illinois and Wisconsin Territory. Backed by interested abolitionists, he sued for freedom on the basis of his long residence on free soil. The ruling on the case was that He was a black slave and not a citizen, so he had no rights.
618823558	Jim Crow Laws	Laws that separated people of different races in public places in the south
618823559	Reconstruction	a period after the civil war when the US worked to bring the country back together and the southern states were subject to a federal military presence
618823550	13th, 14th, 15th Amendments	The three amendments to the Constitution that resulted from the Civil War and abolished slavery, guaranteed civil rights, and guaranteed blacks the right to vote
618823552	Great Plains	vast grassland between the mississippi river and the rocky mountains
618823561	New Immigrants	Immigrants who came to the United States during and after the 1880s; most were from southern and eastern Europe.
618823562	Old Immigrants	immigrants who had come to the US before the 1880s from Britain, Germany, Ireland, and Scandenavia, or Northern Europe
618823563	Harlem Renaissance	a flowering of African American culture in the 1920s; instilled interest in African American culture and pride in being an African American--ie. Langston Hughes, Duke Ellington
623105228	Langston Hughes	a Harlem Renaissance poet. The phrase "Harlem Renaissance" refers to African American achievements in art, literature and music in the 1920s
623105229	Great Migration	movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920
623105230	Open Door Policy	The idea that all countries should have the right to open trade with China-this was directed toward other imperialist countries. U.S. wanted to prevent countries from setting up separate spheres of influence within China, thereby blocking potential U.S. trade opportunities.
623105231	Progressive Era	Period of reform from 1890s-1920s. Opposed waste and corruption, for social justice, general equality, and public safety: Sherman Anti-trust Act, President Theodore Roosevelt, Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle", Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act of 1906.`
623105232	muckrakers	A group of investigative reporters who pointed out the abuses of big business and the corruption of urban politics; included Frank Norris (The Octopus), Ida Tarbell (A history of the standard oil company), Lincoln Steffens (the shame of the cities), and Upton Sinclair (The Jungle)
623105233	Prohibition	18th amendment: a total ban on the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor throughout the United States. 1919-1933 -- ends with 21st amendment
623105234	Social Reformers	Dorothea Dix, Jane Addams, and Jacob Riis --tried to improve lives of poor, underserved in society
623105235	Womens suffrage	the right of women to vote W/ 19th amendment in 1920
623105236	Seneca Falls Convention	Took place in upperstate New York in 1848. Women of all ages and even some men went to discuss the rights and conditions of women. There, they wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, which among other things, tried to get women the right to vote.
623105237	Scopes Trial	1925, the trial that pitted the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution against teaching Bible creationism
623105238	World War One	War fought because Germany was interfering with American freedom of the seas.
623105239	Herbert Hoover	became president in 1928, just before the onset of the Great Depression; blamed for the market crash; actions taken were criticized as too little too late
618823564	Great Depression	the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s.
623105240	WPA	Congress created the Works Progress Administration in 1935-- spent $11 billion on federal works projects and provided employment for 8.5 million persons. They built roads, bridges, schools, etc., but the also funded projects for thespians, artists, writers, and young people.
623105241	Julius and Ethel Rosenberg	an engineer and his wife who were accused, tried, and executed in the early 1950s for running an espionage ring in New York City that gave atomic secrets to the soviet union; long considered unjustly accused victims of the Red Scare, recent evidence suggests that Julius was indeed a soviet agent
623105242	Sacco and Vanzetti	Italian radicals who became symbols of the Red Scare of the 1920s; arrested (1920), tried and executed (1927) for a robbery/murder, they were believed by many to have been innocent but convicted because of their immigrant status and radical political beliefs.
623105243	World War Two	Event that brought the United States completely out of the Great Depression, we entered because of Japanese bombing at Pearl Harbor
623105244	New Deal	The name given to the program of "Relief, Recovery, Reform" begun by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 to bring the United States out of the Great Depression.
618823543	Communism	an economic system in which the central government directs all major economic decisions. Its spread was our biggest fear after WW2!
623105245	Harry Truman	The 33rd U.S. president, who succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt upon Roosevelt's death in April 1945. Truman, who led the country through the last few months of World War II, is best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. After the war, Truman was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which greatly accelerated Western Europe's economic recovery.
623105246	Interstate Highway	a main highway that crosses the entire country, either from east to west or south to north--sponsored by D. Eisenhower
623105247	John F Kennedy	35th President of the United States 35th President of the United States; only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize; events during his administration include the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Space Race, the African American Civil Rights Movement and early events of the Vietnam War; assassinated in Dallas, TX in 1963
623105248	Lyndon Johnson	President who escalated Vietnam War, signed the civil rights act of 1964 into law and the voting rights act of 1965. War on Poverty, medicare and Medicaid.
623105249	Great Society	President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program. In 1965, Congress passed many measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education.
618823544	Detente	relaxation of tensions between the United States and its two major Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China
623105250	Watergate	The events and scandal surrounding a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in 1972 and the subsequent cover-up of White House involvement, leading to the eventual resignation of President Nixon under the threat of impeachment.
623105251	Marbury V Madison	this case establishes the Supreme Court's power of judicial review
623105252	Korematsu v US	This supreme court case followed the movement of 100,000 Japanese Americans moved to internment camps; the case upheld the US govt's internment policy as justified in wartime.
623105253	Schenck V US	1919; conviction of a socialist who had urged young men to resist the draft during WW1. Justice Holmes declared that gov't can limit speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present danger" of substantive evils.
623105254	Brown V Board of Education	1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.
623105255	Plessy V Ferguson	Supreme Court case (1896) Legalized segregation under the Constitution with the concept of "separate but equal."
623105256	Mapp V Ohio	The 1961 Supreme Court decision ruling that the Fourth Amendment's protection against "unreasonable searches and seizures" must be extended to the states as well as to the federal government
623105257	Miranda V Arizona	1966 ruling that upon arrest, a suspect has the "right to remain silent" and the right to consult with a lawyer.
623105258	NJ v TLO	TLO caught smoking in non-designated area, and drug paraphernalia found in possession. The school search is CONSTITUTIONAL as schools only need "reasonable suspicion." *UNREASONABLE SEARCH/SEIZURE CLAIM DENIED

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Biology Chapter 6 Vocabulary (The Cell) Flashcards

The vocabulary for chapter 6 and 7 of AP biology - the cell. (from Campbell text)

Terms : Hide Images

508600097	Organelles	membrane-enclosed compartments (subcellular structures)
508600098	Cell Fractionation	taking cells apart and separating the major organelles from one another
508600099	Prokaryotic Cell	a type of cell which has its DNA concentrated at the nucleoid, which is not surrounded by a membrane
508600100	Nucleoid	the area not enclosed by a membrane where the DNA is concentrated, in a prokaryotic cell
508600101	Eukaryotic Cell	a type of cell which has a true nucleus, and many organelles
508600102	Cytoplasm	the entire space between the nucleus and the plasma membrane
508600103	Plasma Membrane	the selective barrier which allows the sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire volume of the cell at the boundary of the cell
508600104	Flagellum	locomotion organelle present in some animal cells; composed of membrane-enclosed microtubules
508600105	Centrosome	region where the cell's microtubules are initiated; in an animal cell, contains a pair of centrioles
508600106	Cytoskeleton	reinforces cell's shape, functions in cell movement; components made of protein (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules)
508600107	Microvilli	projections that increase the cell's surface area
508600108	Peroxisome	organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide
508600109	Mitochindrion	organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is produced
508600110	Lysosome	digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed
508600111	Golgi Apparatus	organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products
508600112	Ribosomes	nonmembranous organelles that make proteins, free in cytoplasm or bound to rough ER nuclear envelope
508600113	Chromatin	material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible as individual chromosomes in a dividing cell
508600114	Nucleolus	nonmembranous organelle involved in production of ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoli
508600115	Nuclear Envelope	double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores, contiguous with ER
508600116	Cell Wall	outer layer that maintains cell's shape and protects cell from mechanical damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and protein
508600117	Plasmodesmata	channels through the cell walls that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells
508600118	Chloroplast	photosynthetic organelle, converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules
508600119	Central Vacuole	prominent organelle in older plant cells, functions include storage, breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules; enlargement of vacuole is a major mechanism of plant growth
508600120	Endoplasmic Reticulum	network of membranous sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes; has rough(ribosome-studded) and smooth regions
508600121	Vesicles	sacs made of membrane
508600122	Glycoproteins	proteins that have carbohydrates covalently bonded to them
508600123	Transport Vesicles	vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another
508600124	Phagocytosis	the process of engulfing smaller organisms or food particles
508600125	Food Vacuoles	vacuoles which store food
508600126	Contractile Vacuoles	they pump out excess water due to osmosis
508600127	Cristae	infoldings of the inner membrane in mitochondria
508600128	Mitochondrial Matrix	the space in between the cristae
508600129	Thylakoids	membranous system in the form of interconnected sacs in chloroplast
508600130	Granum/ Grana	each stack in the choloroplast
508600131	Stroma	the fluid outside the thylakoids
508600132	Centrioles	composed of nine sets of triplet microtubules arranged in a ring
508600133	Integral Proteins	proteins which penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer
508600134	Peripheral Proteins	proteins that are not embedded in the lipid bilayer, but are loosely bound to the surface
508600135	Glycoproteins	carbohydrates covalently bonded to protein
508600136	Glycolipid	carbohydrates covalently bonded to lipid

Powered by Quizlet.com

America Past and Present vol.2 Flashcards

vol.2 since 1865
Chapter:17,18, 19, 20, 21.

Terms : Hide Images

192451665	Until the 1860s, how did most Americans think of the West beyond the Mississippi?	An uninhabitable wasteland
192451666	Before the Civil War, where in the West were most Americans planning to settle?	Oregon and California
192451667	In 1865, about how many Native Americans lived in the western half of the country?	Half a million
192451668	What food resource was the most important for the Plains Indian culture?	The buffalo
192451669	According to the Paiute Wovoka, what would bring back Native American ways of life and cause the white man to disappear?	Performing Ghost Dances
192451670	What 1862 federal government policy allowed settlers to claim lands in the West?	Homestead Act
192451671	In the nineteenth century, what small but influential group set many patterns of Western culture?	Spanish Mexicans
192451672	By the end of the nineteenth century, who were the largest landowners in the West?	Railroad companies
192451673	Which of the following is NOT one of the "bonanzas" that brought settlers to the West?	Manufacturing
192451674	What was Joseph McCoy most closely associated with?	Driving cattle to railroad towns
192451675	he National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry focused on the interests of what group?	Midwestern and southern farmers
192451676	Which was NOT a reason for America's rapid industrialization after the Civil War?	Strict legal limits on economic activity
192451677	In which area of the country was late 19th century growth most concentrated?	Northeast
192451678	During which decade did the greatest growth of America's railroads occur?	1881-1890
192451679	he power of railroads over American society was demonstrated when, in 1883, the American Railway Association introduced what reform?	Standardized time zones
192451680	What important role did J.P. Morgan play in the nineteenth century railroad business?	Reorganizing and stabilizing financing
192451681	In what industry did Andrew Carnegie make his great fortune?	Steel production
192451682	What innovation in business organization was introduced by John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company in 1881?	The trust
192451683	Who was called "the Wizard of Menlo Park" for his many inventions?	Who was called "the Wizard of Menlo Park" for his many inventions?
192451684	What was Aaron Montgomery Ward and Richard Sears' great innovation in 19th century business?	Mail-order catalog
192451685	Between 1867 and 1900, what happened to merchants' spending on advertising?	It grew tenfold.
192451686	Which group of workers was paid the least and had the fewest job opportunities in later nineteenth century America?	Girls under 14
192451687	n 1882, what group was "excluded" from immigration to the United States for 10 years?	Chinese
192451688	Arabella Mansfield was unusual in later nineteenth century America because she entered what profession?	Law
192451689	What large early labor union was led by T.V. Powderly and Uriah Stephens?	Knights of Labor
192451690	Where did the Haymarket Square Riot take place in 1884?	Chicago
192451691	What happened to Henry Clay Frick during the Homestead Strike that warned Americans of the heavy price of industrialization?	An anarchist tried to kill him.
192451692	Which was NOT an innovation which contributed to the growth of nineteenth century American cities?	Underground railroads
192451693	What innovation in urban housing was introduced by James E. Ware in the 1870s?	Dumbbell tenement house
192451694	Which of the following is NOT true of the "new immigrants" who began arriving in America after 1890?	Few settled in large cities.
192451695	What was the "American National Game," which was perhaps the most popular spectator sport in later nineteenth century America?	baseball
192451696	What did both the Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862 and the philanthropy of wealthy industrialists help establish in later nineteenth century America?	College and university education
192451697	W.E.B. DuBois was an important figure in promoting opportunities for what group?	African Americans
192451698	Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner were advocates of what doctrine?	Social Darwinism
192451699	What did Henry George, in Progress and Poverty, suggest as a solution to America's problems?	A single tax on the incremental value of land
192451700	Who was the founder of Chicago's Hull House?	Jane Addams
192451701	Which of the following best describes party politics and elections from the 1870s to the 1890s?	The two parties were evenly matched and elections closely fought.
192451702	What business activity was the Interstate Commerce Commission created to oversee?	Railroads
192451703	The Pendleton Act of 1883, passed in response to Garfield's assassination, reformed what area of American government?	The civil service
192451704	During the 1890s, what powerful position did Thomas "Czar" Reed hold?	Speaker of the House
192451705	What law did the Supreme Court case of U.S. v. E.C. Knight severely cripple?	Sherman Anti-Trust Act
192451706	How did voters respond to the "billion-dollar Congress" in the elections of 1890?	Republicans were crushed in Congressional and state elections.
192451707	What did farmers in the 1890s NOT blame for their declining economic condition?	International competition
192451708	Where did Farmers' Alliance leaders from across the country meet in 1890 to adopt a political platform?	Ocala, Florida
192451709	In the presidential election of 1892, what name did Farmers' Alliance leaders give their political party?	People's Party
192451710	The Panic of 1893 was sparked by the collapse of overextended companies in what industry?	Railroads
192451711	Suppression of Coxey's Army Correct Answer:	Pullman Strike
192451712	Looking at the results of the elections of 1894, whom did Americans mainly blame for the country's economic ills?	President Cleveland and the Democrats
192451713	What impact did the depression following the Panic of 1893 have on the American labor force?.	Women and children entered the workforce in accelerating numbers.
192451714	American literature at the end of the nineteenth century?	A growing movement toward realism and naturalism.
192452451	William Harvey's book, Coin's Financial School, argued that the country's problems could be solved by what means?	Free coinage of silver
192452452	At which party's 1896 convention did William Jennings Bryan give the "Cross of Gold" speech?	Democratic
192452453	What was the result of the presidential election of 1896?	McKinley won both the popular and electoral vote.
192452454	Which of the following best describes McKinley's administration?	It was popular and activist.
192452455	Which of the following is NOT true of the presidential election of 1900?	The election was much closer than the election of 1896
192452456	Which of the following was NOT a motive for late nineteenth century American imperialism?	Increasing diversity in the American population
192452457	What territory did the U.S. annex in 1898 after a "revolution" provoked by American residents?	Hawaii
192452458	As Alfred Thayer Mahan and many others argued, what was the key to American influence in world affairs?	A modern navy
192452459	Where was the battleship USS Maine when it exploded and sank in February, 1898?	Havana
192452460	Where did Commodore George Dewey-after his "you may fire when ready, Gridley" command-win a decisive battle early in the Spanish-American War?	The Philippines
192452461	Who were the "smoked Yankees" who played a decisive role in the American victory in Cuba?	African American Army troops
192452462	As a result of the Treaty of Paris of 1898, which Spanish territory was NOT directly annexed by the United States?	Cuba
192452463	Where did Emilio Aguinaldo lead a guerilla insurrection against American annexation?	The Philippines
192452464	Announced in 1900, to which Far Eastern country did the "Open Door" policy apply?	China

Powered by Quizlet.com

APUSH Terms Chapter 20 Flashcards

America Past and Present, Eighth Edition

Terms : Hide Images

381506000	Bland-Allison Silver Purchase Bill	This act was a compromise between groups favoring the coinage of silver and those opposed to it, called for the partial coinage of silver. President Hayes vetoed the bill in 1878, but Congress overrode his veto.
381506001	Colored Farmer's Alliance	Loosely affiliated with the Southern Alliance this alliance enlisted black farmers in the South. Ended in 1891 when a group of black cotton pickers struck for higher wages near Memphis, TN led by Ben Patterson and ended with 15 lynched.
381506002	Dingley Tariff	Tariff passed by the House and Senate, which raised average, tariff duties to a record level and caused troubles for the Republican Party (1897)
381506003	Eugene Debs	Leader of the American Railway Union who led his union into the Pullman strike by refusing to handle trains that carried Pullman sleeping cars.
381506004	Frank Norris	Attacked big business in The Octopus and The Pit
381506005	Gold Standard Act	Act passed by Congress in 1900, which declared gold the standard of currency and ended the silver controversy.
381506006	Grandfather clause	Used a literacy test to disqualify black voters but permitted men who had failed to vote anyway if their fathers or grandfathers had voted before 1867.
381506007	Half-Breeds	A political faction of the U.S. Republican Party and opponents of the Stalwarts-separated by political patronage. Led by James G. Blaine they were in favor of civil service reform and a merit system.
381506008	Horatio Alger	Author of 130 popular rags-to-riches tales that gave lessons on how to get ahead in business and life
381506009	In re Debs	Supreme Court case that upheld the use of injunctions in labor disputes; hindered union growth.
381506010	Interstate Commerce Act	This act of 1887 passed by Congress created the Interstate Commerce Commission to investigate and oversee railroad activities. The act outlawed rebates and pooling agreements.
381506011	Jack London	Naturalist writer who traced the power of nature in society in the Sea Wolf and The Call of the Wild.
381506012	Jacob Coxey	Businessman who wanted to put the nation's jobless to work building roads. Wanted Congress to pass a bill, which would authorize the printing of $500 million in paper money to finance road construction. Marched to WA but was arrested.
381506013	James G. Blaine	Republican nominee in the election of 1884 against Grover Cleveland
381506014	Leonidas L. Polk	President of the National Farmers' Alliance he believed in scientific farming and cooperative action.
381506015	Mark Hanna	McKinley's old friend, ally, and campaign manager; "I told William McKinley it was a mistake to nominate that wild man at Philadelphia. I asked him if he realized what would happen if he should die. Now look, that damned cowboy is president of the United States!"
381506016	Mark Twain	The country's most famous realist writer, author of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Used dialect and regional language.
381506017	Mary E. Lease	From Kansas this woman helped head a movement remarkably open to female leadership; she called on farmers to rise against Wall Street and the industrial East.
381506018	McKinley Tariff Act	Act passed by the Republican controlled Congress in 1890 which raised tariff duties to 4%; included a novel reciprocity provision that allowed the president to lower duties if other countries did the same; used duties to promote new industries.
381506019	Minor v. Happersett	The Supreme Court case that upheld the power of the states to deny the right to vote to women. (1875)
381506020	Munn v. Illinois	The Supreme Court case that upheld the Illinois legislation that the railroads be declared public highways and authorized the legislature to pass laws est. maximum rates and preventing rate discrimination.
381506021	National Farmer's Alliance	One of the largest reform movements this alliance sought to organize farmers in the South and West to fight for reforms that would improve their lot, including measures to overcome low crop prices, burdensome mortgages, and high railroad rates.
381506022	Ocala Demands	Adopted by the Farmer's Alliance in 1890 these demands became the organization's main platform. Called for the creation of a sub-treasury system to allow farmers to store their crops until they could get the best price, the free coinage of silver, an end to protective tariffs and national banks, a federal income tax, the direct election of senators by voters, and tighter regulation of railroads.
381506023	Panic of 1893	The New York stock market crashed in early 1893. Business investment dropped sharply in the railroad and construction industries, touching off the worst economic depression to that point in the U.S. The rush to sell stocks and buy gold depleted the gold reserve of the U.S. Treasury. May 3, 1893 the stock market crashed completely-"Industrial Black Friday." Unemployment rose while businesses failed an average of two dozen per day.
381506024	Pendleton Act	Passed by Congress in 1883 this act sought to lessen the involvement of politicians in the running of the gov't. Created a bipartisan Civil Service Commission to administer competitive exams to candidates for civil service jobs and to appoint officeholders based on merit. Outlawed forcing political contributions from appointed officials
381506025	Populist Party	A political party organized in 1892 by farm, labor, and reform leaders, mainly from the Farmers' Alliance. It offered a broad-based reform platform reflecting the Ocala Demands. Nominated Weaver in 1892 and Bryan in 1896 indentifying with the focus on free silver.
381506026	Pullman Strike	Strike in 1894 near Chicago; workers struck to protest wage cuts, high rents for co. housing, and layoffs. The American Railway Union, led by Debs joined the strike. Cleveland secured an injunction to break the strike.
381506027	Roscoe Conkling	Powerful NY senator who resented some of Garfield's choices
381506028	Sherman Antitrust Act	Act passed by Congress in 1890, which was the first major U.S. attempt to deal legislatively with the problem of the increasing size of business.
381506029	Sherman Silver Purchase Act	Act that attempted to resolve the controversy over silver coinage. U.S. Treasury would purchase 4.5 million oz. of silver each month and issue legal tender for it. Pleased both silver opponents and proponents.
381506030	Southern Alliance	Began in TX in 1875 and picked up speed under Dr. Charles W. Macune this alliance was designed to bring farmers together to make greater profits.
381506031	Stalwarts	A political faction of the U.S. Republican Party and opponents of the Half-Breeds-separated by political patronage. They were in favor of political machines and spoils-system-style patronage.
381506032	Stephen Crane	A naturalist writer who described the plight of the poor and the carnage of war in detail (Red Badge of Courage and Maggie: a Girl of the Streets)
381506033	Theodore Dreiser	Foremost naturalist writer, focused on enviornment and character in Sister Carrie
381506034	Thomas E. Watson	A politically minded Southerner who reflected the high quality of Alliance leadership he was a talented orator and organizer who urged GA farmers, black and white, to unite against their oppressors.
381506035	United Mine Workers	A struggling union formed in 1890 that called for a strike of bituminous coal miners and by April all Midwestern and PA coal miners quit working. Violence followed.
381506036	United States v E.C. Knight Company	The Supreme Court case that weakened the Sherman Antitrust Act by drawing a sharp distinction between manufacturing and commerce and ruled that manufacturing was excluded from its coverage. (1895)
381506037	Wabash v. Illinois	The Supreme Court case of 1886 that narrowed the Munn ruling and held that states could not regulate commerce extending beyond their borders. This case turned people's attention back to the federal gov't and spurred Congress to pass the Interstate Commerce Act, which created Interstate Commerce Commission.
381506038	William Jennings Bryan	The Democratic candidate in the election of 1896 against McKinley; he made the famous "Cross of gold" speech that got him nominated. "Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world...we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: 'You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold."
381506039	Wilson-Gorman Tariff	Tariff passed by Congress in 1894 which reduced duties on coal, iron ore, wool, and sugar, ended the McKinley Tariff Act's popular reciprocity agreements with other countries, and moved some duties higher than before; imposed small income tax.

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP U.S. History Final Terms (Chapters 1-21) Flashcards

America Past and Present, revised 7th Edition.

Terms : Hide Images

628556302	Policies regarding Native Americans (1860-80)	- reservations - Native Americans depended on US (for food, clothes, etc) - assimilation (Christianity, English, school, men farm, etc) - civilize them - make them white
628556304	Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine	- Latin American countries need to stabilize policies and finances - if they continued to be bad, US would have to intervene - US is the superior and civilized nation - Monroe --> tells Europe to stay out of US stuff
628556306	Civil Rights Act of 1964	- no discrimination on color, race, religion, sex, or national origin - applied to public accommodations and employment - government could withhold funds from public agencies that discriminated
628556307	Alexander Hamilton	Founded the Federalist Party
628556308	Thomas Jefferson	Supported laissez-faire federal policy and state's rights
628556309	Alexander Hamilton	Favored active government to raise tariffs and support manufacturing
628556310	Thomas Jefferson	Supported the French in foreign policy despite the "Rein of Terror"
628556311	Alexander Hamilton	Was shocked by the anarchy of the Rein of Terror. Supported the United States' primary trade partner- Britain.
628556312	Alexander Hamilton	Washington's Secretary of the Treasury
628556313	Thomas Jefferson	Washington's Secretary of State
628556314	Alexander Hamilton	Argued that it was "Necessary and Proper" for the federal government to establish a National Bank
628556315	Thomas Jefferson	Opposed strengthening the federal government through the "elastic" or "necessary & proper" clause
628556316	Thomas Jefferson	James Madison joined this Party.
628556317	Big Stick Policy	American military power is used to intervene in the internal affairs of smaller Latin American nations. This policy improved US national security by guaranteeing that there would not be any large, hostile, European power close to the USA. It also allowed US merchants to trade directly with Latin American nations.
628556318	Monroe Doctrine (1823)	Warned Europeans to stay out of Latin American and the Western Hemisphere
628556319	Roosevelt Corollary (1903)	Theodore's personal reading or interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine. Justified America's use of force in Latin America. Declared that the US would act as an "international ____________________ power." Often used to collect debts.
628556320	Panama	Once part of Colombia. President Theodore Roosevelt supported Philippe Bunau-Varilla's revolution to help this nation break away from Colombian to allow US control of the Canal Zone. The canal made it much easier to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
628556321	Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines	Territories that became American colonies in the Spanish-American War. The US became and imperial world power!
628556322	Boxer Rebellion	Chinese nationalists who rose up to drive all foreigners out of China. The US, Japan, and European powers cooperated to end the Rebellion.
628556323	Open Door Policy	Protected China from being carved into colonies. Allowed US merchants access to trade in the huge Chinese market.
628556324	Spheres of Influence	China was already carved into these areas and almost cut into colonies. Powers controlled all trade in the areas and the US was afraid of being shut out of the market.
628556325	Queen Liliuokalani	Overthrown by US fruit planters with the support of the US Marines. Her nation provided a convenient coal station and "rest stop" for US ships headed for China.
628556326	Seward's Folly	People made fun of President Grant's Secretary of State for arranging the purchase of Alaska. Alaska was bought in 1867. It seemed like a waste of money to many taxpayers. The mineral resources (gold, oil) discovered later, however, proved very valuable.
628556327	Good Neighbor Policy (1933)	Officially ended the Big Stick Policy. President FD Roosevelt announced in his inaugural address that the US would no longer use the military to interfere in the internal affairs of Latin American nations. FDR was continuing a policy begun by Hoover. This policy was designed to win friends close at home while aggressive dictators were strengthening in Europe and Asia.
628556328	Great White Fleet	Alfred T. Mahan recommend developing a large modern, steel, steam powered fleet of ships like these. President Roosevelt sent this around the world to impress other nations with US military power.
628556329	Jose Marti	Cuban nationalist. Wanted Cuba to win independence from Spain
628556330	Reconcentration	Spanish policy of forcibly relocating Cuban villagers. The goal was to round up Cuban rebels who were fighting to win independence from Spain. Thousands of Cuban civilians were killed. American newspapers- yellow journals- covered the abuse of Spanish civilians. Many Americans began to feel sad for Cuba and angry at Spain.
628556331	J. Pulitzer & W.R. Hearst	Published "yellow journal" newspapers that exaggerated news in Cuba. They exaggerated news to make it interesting so people would buy their newspapers.
628556332	SS Maine	Angered many Americans who believed that it was sunk by Spain.
628556333	Teller Amendment	Announced the "official reason" for fighting the Spanish-American War was to help Cuba win independence from Spain.
628556334	Rough Riders	Calvary unit organized by Teddy Roosevelt. Eastern college preps and Western cowboys. Saw action at San Juan Hill.
628556335	Manila	Opening battle of the war. In the Philippines. Admiral George Dewey won a stunning victory!
628556336	Emilio Aguinaldo	Filipino nationalist. Fought first against Spain and then against the US for independence.
628556337	San Juan Hill	Decisive American victory. Resulted in the capture of Cuba. Rough Riders and 10th Calvary (former Buffalo Soldiers).
628556338	William Mckinley	American President during Spanish-American war. Is later assassinated (1901) in Buffalo, NY.
628556339	Platt Amendment	Made Cuba a protectorate of the US. US acquired Guantanamo base and control over Cuba.
628556340	William Jennings Bryan	Nominated by Populist and Democratic Parties for President in 1896. Supported "silver coinage" to create inflation so farmers would be able to pay off their debts. Delivered the famous speech: You shall not press down a crown off thorns upon the brow of labor, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of Gold! (Cross of Gold Speech).
628556341	Wabash Case (1886)	Declared that states could regulate railroads to prevent railroads from abusing farmers.
628556342	Munn v. Illinois (1877)	The Supreme Court reversed its earlier decision. Declared that state governments could not regulate to railroads because railroads were interstate businesses. Only the federal government has the right to control commerce (trade) between states.
628556343	Interstate Commerce Act (1887)	This law created the first "alphabet agency" (the ___ ___ ___). This agency was the "railroad police." It outlawed rebates (giving preferred customers special discounts) and long-haul short-haul rate discrepancies (charging more when you had no competition in rural areas and less when you had to compete for business in urban areas).
628556344	Pendleton Act (1887)	Required people to take the "Civil Service" exam to show they were qualified to become civil servants (government employees). The law was designed to end patronage and fight political corruption.
628556345	Sherman Act (1890)	This law technically outlawed monopolies and other "conspiracies in restraint of trade." It was not properly enforced until Teddy Roosevelt became President. It was also misused to break up strikes during much of the 1890s.
628556346	Henry Bessemer	Created a system to cheaply manufacture steel. Steel production increased dramatically!
628556347	Andrew Carnegie	Developed a "Vertical" monopoly by buying out all steps of production. He bought Iron Ore mines, coal mines, his own ships and trains, and his own steel factories
628556348	American Federation of Labor	"Craft Union" Its main leader was Samuel Gompers. Focused on "Bread & Butter" issues not "Broad Social Reform." Only allowed skilled workers, white males. Worked to increase wages and reduce hours.
628556349	Pullman Strike (1894)	Eugene Deb's American Railway Union went on strike. President Cleveland intervened to break up the strike to "deliver the mail" Strikers were refusing to operate trains with "Palace Sleeping Cars" made by the _________ Company outside Chicago.
628556350	Homestead Strike (1992)	At one of Carnegie's factories outside of Pittsburgh. Pinkerton security guards and strikers clashed.
628556351	Thomas Edison	Nicknamed the "Wizard of Menlo Park." He invented the phonograph, light bulb, motion pictures. Over 1,000 patents.
628556352	Alexander Graham Bell	Invented the telephone in 1876
628556353	Knights of Labor	Allowed both skilled and unskilled workers, women, and African Americans to join. Terrence Powderly organized and expanded this Union. Union focused on Broad Social Goals like redistributing wealth, abolishing child labor, etc.
628556354	John D. Rockefeller	Was able to drive Cleveland, Ohio competitions out of business in 1872 because he benefited from secret railroad rebates. Organized a "Horizontal" monopoly. He was able to take over the oil drillers, oil transporters, and others connected with the oil business by controlling oil refining.
628556355	Plessy v. Ferguson	Legalized the development of "De Jure" segregation laws in the South (Jim Crow). "Separate" facilities were declared legal as long as the were of "equal" quality. This case was eventually overturned by Brown v. Board of education (1954)
628556356	Exclusion Act (1882)	Nativist Law. Labor unions tended to support these kinds of laws because they wanted to reduce the supply of workers and keep wages high. This law kept all immigrants form China out of the US.
628556357	Haymarket Riot (1886)	The Knights of Labor declined rapidly afterwards because the were blamed for the violence associated with this event.
628556358	Buffalo	Important animal to the Plains Indians. Used for food, shelter. Hunted to near extinction. Their loss was devastating.
628556359	Little Bighorn (1876)	Custer's "last stand." Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull, Sioux object to reservation policies
628556360	Sand Creek Massacre (1862)	Arapaho and Cheyenne moved out of the way of miners in Colorado
628556361	Wounded Knee (1890)	Terrible ending to the "Indians Wars"
628556362	Pacific Railroad Act (1863)	Federal government provided free land (land grants) to motivate construction of the first trans-continental railroad built largely by Chinese and Irish immigrant laborers
628556363	Dawes Severalty Act	Forced assimilation policy. Designed to "Americanize" Indians. Designed to help but was harmful because it broke up tribal traditions.
628556364	Homestead Act (1962)	Provided free 160 acre farms to Americans willing to live on the Great Plains (at least 1/3 quit and returned back East).
628556365	15th Amendment	African American male suffrage
628556366	14th Amendment	Civil Rights amendment. No state may deprive its citizens of life, liberty or property.... Equal protection from discrimination
628556367	13th Amendment	Slavery abolished throughout the United States
628556368	Tenure in Office Act (1867)	Passed by Radical Republicans to impeach Andrew Johnson. Said the President could not fire cabinet members without the "advice and consent" or permission of the US Senate. Protected Secretary of State Edwin Stanton
628556369	Thaddeus Stevens	40 acres and a mule! Leader of the Radical Republicans. Argued that Confederates needed to be punished and that slaves should be provided with land, tools, etc.
628556370	Election 1866	Congressional election. Radical Republicans take charge!
628556371	Reconstruction Acts	Union troops sent back into the South to force Southerners to abolish Black Codes and allow freedmen more freedom
628556372	Freedmen's Bureau	Provided freed slaves with assistance after the Civil War
628556373	Black Codes	Discriminated against the freed slaves. Prevented them from carrying weapons, meeting in large groups, etc.
628556374	Sharecropping	Many freed slaves remained in farming. They agreed to provide landowners with part of their crops for rent. The arrangement was often exploitive. Many freed slaves remained chronically in debt to white land owners.
628556375	Election of 1876	Disputed. Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes was award the presidency after agreeing to withdraw remaining federal troops from the South. This marked the official ending of Reconstruction.
628556376	Plessy v. Ferguson	Legalized De Jure or "Jim Crow" segregation laws in the South. "Separate but Equal" doctrine established.
628556377	Antietam (1862)	Deadliest day in US military history. Accepted as a Union victory. Preliminary Emancipation was issued to celebrate this "victory." The formal Emancipation Proclamation would be issued Jan. 1, 1863.
628556378	Border States	The Emancipation Proclamation, however, freed only slaves in states that continued to rebel against the federal government. Four slave states remained and fought for the Union. Lincoln was very careful to develop strategies to keep the states from leaving the Union.
628556379	Fort Sumter	Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Opening shots of the Civil War.
628556380	Bull Run/Manassas	First major battle of the Civil War. Stonewall Jackson earns a reputation.
628556381	Upper South Secedes	Lincoln requested 40,000 troops to end the rebellion in South Carolina. These states left the Union after being forced to decide whether to support Lincoln or attack the South.
628556382	New York City	Major draft riots.
628556383	Sherman's March	Total devastation and intentional destruction of civilian targets. Georgia burned from Atlanta to Savannah. The intent was to break the will of the South to continue the war. Very brutal.
628556384	Appomattox (1865)	Lee surrendered to Grant to end the war
628556385	Population & Resources	Why the North won. They had more than the South
628556386	Battle Vicksburg	Major Union victory. The South is divided in two.
628556387	Battle of Gettysburg	Turning Point battle. Lee looses troops he can not replace. The second and last major Southern offensive or attempt to invade the North
628556388	Habeas Corpus	Lincoln ordered pro-Confederate citizens arrested and jailed in Maryland.
628556389	Tariff of Abominations (1828)	Very high tariff. Southerners felt they were being taxed just to support northern factories
628556390	Territorial Expansion (1840s)	A major issue. The debate over slavery & abolitionism grew stronger as people debated whether or not to expand slavery
628556391	Missouri Compromise (1820)	Established the 36-30 line
628556392	Gold Rush (1849)	Resulted in the rapid increase in the population of California. 49ers. Most of the people who actually got rich during this were merchants- not miners. California quickly applied to enter the Union as a state after its population increased.
628556393	Wilmot Proviso	Would have abolished slavery from all lands in the Mexican Cession won during the Mexican War
628556394	Popular Sovereignty	Said territorial residents, not Congress, should vote to decide whether or not to allow slavery
628556395	Missouri Compromise (1820)	It was important to maintain an equal number of slave states and free states represented in the US Senate. Main entered as a Free State and Missouri entered as a Slave State.
628556396	Dred Scott Decision (1857)	Ruled that slavery must be legal in all federal territories. African Americans were also declared "non-citizens"
628556397	Harper's Ferry (1859)	Crazy, violent abolitionist John Brown attacked a federal arsenal. He hoped to capture guns to distribute to slaves and to start a slave uprising. His plot failed but did much to anger Southerners who began to fear that the North might produce other martyrs like Brown.
628556398	South Carolina Nullification Crisis (1832)	South Carolina asserted "State's Rights" by arguing that states did not have to obey federal laws
628556399	Free Soil Party (1848)	First political party founded to stop the expansion of slavery into the territories.
628556400	Compromise of 1850	Admitted California as a Free State. This made Northerners happy. Southerners accepted this because the North also agreed to shut down Harriet Tubman's Underground Railroad. Other agreements included stopping slave auctions in Washington, DC and opening the remainder of the Mexican Cession to slavery by way of popular sovereignty
628556401	Fugitive Slave Act (1850)	Most controversial part of the Compromise of 1850. Northerners eventually decided they would not comply with the law because they felt it was immoral. Northern noncompliance angered Southerners a great deal.
628556402	Uncle Tom's Cabin	Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. Described the evils of slavery and an evil Vermont fugitive slave hunter named Simon Legree. Convinced many northerners slavery was evil.
628556403	Election of 1860	Republican Abe Lincoln is elected. The South secedes (SC is the first state). Southerners feel they have lost control of national politics. They worry the North will dominate all laws if the North can elect the President without permission of the South
628556404	Personal Liberty Laws	Northern laws passed to block enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act.
628556405	Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)	Angered northerners because it repealed the Missouri Compromise's 36-30 line by allowing slavery to expand into the northern area of the Louisiana Territory by way of popular sovereignty.
628556406	Bleeding Kansas (1855)	The only attempt to use popular sovereignty. It failed. Missouri "border ruffians" illegally voted so abolitionist residents rejected the decision to allow slavery into the territory. It resulted in a "mini Civil War" between pro and anti slavery forces.
628556407	Northerners	Favored higher tariffs to protect factories in their region
628556408	Northerners	Began to support the abolitionist movement more and more by the 1850s
628556409	Southerners	Created strict Slave Codes to prevent slave rebellions after Nat Turners Revolt.
628556410	Southerners	Rural and plantation oriented. Increasingly dependent on producing cotton
628556411	Northerners	90% of manufacturing (aprox. 1860)
628556412	Southerners	Disliked high tariffs because they increased the price of manufactured goods like tools.
628556413	Northerners	Grew increasingly concerned about expanding federal powers
628556414	Southerners	Angered by the Tariff of Abominations
628556415	Southerners	John Deere's steel plow opened farmland in this area (it could plow through thick prairie sod)
628556416	Northerners	Cyrus McCormick's mechanical reaper (a harvester) also revolutionized wheat farming in this region
628556417	Southerners	Democrats: the "Solid _________" until 1968
628556418	Northerners	Republican Region (although urban immigrants were often attracted to Democratic Party)
628556419	Original 13 States	Basically the same area as the original 13 colonies
628556420	Mexican Cession (1848)	Acquired by the US during the Mexican War
628556421	Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848)	Ended the Mexican War
628556422	Henry David Thoreau	He opposed the Mexican War because he felt it was a fight to win land to expand slavery
628556423	Spot Resolutions	Illinois Congressman Abe Lincoln's protest against the Mexican War. Whig Party members like Lincoln question whether or not Mexicans had "Shed American blood on American soil."
628556424	Oregon (1846)	Polk and the Democrats once shouted "54-40 or Fight!" to win this territory
628556425	Oregon (1846)	Jointly occupied until the US and Great Britain signed a treaty to divide the land along the 49th Parallel.
628556426	Texas (1845)	Annexation of this land area was delayed by northerners (for 9 years) who did not want to add slave territory to the nation
628556427	Louisiana Purchase (1803)	Purchased by Jefferson to obtain permanent control over the port of New Orleans and Mississippi River shipping
628556428	Gadsden Purchase (1852)	Purchased to obtain land suitable for construction of a transcontinental railroad from New Orleans to Los Angeles
628556429	Original United States	Acquired in the Treaty of Paris of 1783
628556430	Seneca Falls Convention (1848)	Organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. (First Women's Rights Convention in US History)
628556431	Susan B. Anthony	Involved in helping women obtain the right to vote. Some name the 19th Amendment, passed in 1919, after her.
628556432	Corrupt Bargain of 1824	Jackson won the popular vote but lost the election to JQ Adams who made Henry Clay his Secretary of State.
628556433	Sojourner Truth	Published the abolitionist newspaper the North Star
628556434	William Lloyd Garrison	A pacifist. Considered a radical abolitionist because he demanded immediate abolition. Published The Liberator
628556435	Worcester v. Georgia (1832)	John Marshall has made his decision, not let him enforce it! Should have prevented the "Trail of Tears"
628556436	Indian Removal Act (1830)	Jackson signed and enforced. Resulting in moving American Indians to Oklahoma.
628556437	Universal Manhood Suffrage	Said you no longer needed to own property to vote (as long as you were white and male)
628556438	Horace Mann	Massachusetts' first Secretary of Education. Supported free public schools. Argued that democracy is only as good as the citizens are wise and educated.
628556439	Neal Dow & the Maine Laws	Early prohibition reformers and reforms. "Temperance" movement.
628556440	Pet Bank Policy	Jackson "killed" the Second National Bank by withdrawing federal deposits and placing funds in state banks.
628556441	American System	Strengthened federal power. Proposed by Henry Clay. Included: raising tariffs to protect NE factories; using funds from the tariffs to build "internal improvements" to connect the West to the East; creating a Second National Bank.
628556442	Spoils System	Patronage. Jackson replaced federal workers with people who supported his Democratic Party.
628556443	Monroe Doctrine (1823)	US "warns" Europeans to stay out of Latin America. The Western Hemisphere is "closed" to European colonization.
628556444	Impressment	The British navy angered the US by forcing naturalized American citizens to serve in the British Navy
628556445	Isolationism	Policy of staying out of foreign conflicts and avoiding commitments to help other nations.
628556446	Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)	Washington angered France by not helping the French government fight the British after the French Revolution.
628556447	Franco-American Alliance (1777)	Formed after the Battle of Saratoga during the War for Independence. The US and France promised to help each other whenever either nation was at war with Great Britain.
628556448	War Hawks	Extreme, militaristic Democratic-Republicans. Many were from the West. They wanted to fight England to stop impressments. They also wanted to capture Canada and to drive the British out of North America.
628556449	French Revolution (1789-1799)	The King and royal family were killed during this event's "Rein of Terror." The radical "Jacobins" who took over France eventually declared war against England.
628556450	Jay's Treaty (1794)	Prevented war between the US and Great Britain. British troops were withdrawn from occupation of the NW Territories.
628556451	Pinckney's Treaty (1795)	Spain agreed to open the Mississippi River to US ships
628556452	Washington's Farewell Address (1798)	Established "isolationist" policy of the early US. Warned against forming "permanent entangling alliances."
628556453	XYZ Affair (1798)	"Millions for defense not one cent for tribute!" High Federalists (extreme, militaristic members of John Adams' party) threatened to go to war rather than pay bribes to French diplomats.
628556454	Congress Declares War (1812)	Ended the "undeclared" naval war between the US and France.
628556455	Continental System (1807)	French policy to attack US ships traveling to England
628556456	Orders in Council (1806)	British policy to attack US ships traveling to France
628556457	Chesapeake Incident (1807)	American warship attacked by British off the coast of Virginia. British hoping "press" US sailors into the royal navy
628556458	Embargo Act (1808)	Called the "_am_bargo" in New England. Hated because it ruined the merchant shipping business. Jefferson, however, supported this policy because he hoped it would prevent future attacks on US ships.
628556459	Battle of New Orleans (1815)	Andrew Jackson become a national hero for his leadership
628556460	Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)	Tecumseh and his "Red Stick Confederacy" is wiped out.
628556461	Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)	US purchased Florida from Spain
628556462	Treaty of Ghent	Ended the War of 1812. Neither the US not the British won any land. Essentially a cease-fire, stalemate.
628556463	Battle of New Orleans (1815)	Americans pride and Nationalism (patriotic love of one's nation) increased because this battle made people feel like they had defeated the British.
628556464	Whiskey Rebellion(1794)	The first test of the new Constitution. Western Pennsylvania farmer's protested federal Washington quickly ended the disturbance- it was important for Washington to act quickly and forcibly establish federal power.
628556465	Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798-1799)	Based on the theory of "state's rights." Passed to protest the Alien & Sedition Acts.
628556466	Eli Whitley (1793-1798)	Invented the cotton gin
628556467	The Alien & Sedition Acts(1798)	Made it a crime to criticize the government.
628556468	The Revolution of 1800	Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican, was elected. John Adams, a Federalist, was defeated. The two leaders peacefully transferred control of the national government.
628556469	Marbury v. Madison (1803)	First time the Supreme Court ever declared a law to be unconstitutional (Judicial Review)
628556470	Lewis & Clark Expedition (1804-1806)	Explored newly purchased land from France. Sacajawea joined the group
628556471	Robert Fulton (1807)	Invented the steam-powered boat
628556472	Lowell Mills (1816)	Hired mostly women & children. Early New England textile factory.
628556473	McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)	Supreme Court ruling which agreed with Hamilton's argument that it was "necessary & proper" for the federal government to establish the National Bank.
628556474	Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)	"Steamboat Case" Supreme Court ruled that only the federal government could regulate interstate trade.
628556475	Erie Canal completed (1825)	Open an efficient water route between Buffalo and Albany, linking New York City to Great Lake region.
628556476	Thomas Jefferson	Founded the Democratic Party

Powered by Quizlet.com

America's Past and Present - Exam II Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

486949440	In his attempt to settle the Roanoke colony, Sir Walter Ralegh found that	inadequate financing and difficulty in communication and supplies doomed the project.
486949441	The key to the success of Protestantism in England was	widely popular anticlericalism.
486949442	The religious settlement of Elizabeth I	made the Church of England Catholic in organization and ceremony, but Protestant in doctrines.
486949443	The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588	totally destroyed the Spanish fleet.
486949444	As a result of the successful domestication of maize (corn), beans, and squash, some Native Americans	gained greater control over their environments. This meant that Native Americans now had the ability to produce their own food and not have to depend on what nature would supply them.
486949445	In what is now Mexico, the Aztecs, Toltecs, and Mayas	developed advanced cultures prior to European contact.These were the great Native American civilizations of North America that rivaled Europeans in cultural sophistication at the time.
486949446	The result of the deadly diseases brought to the New World by Europeans was	an extremely high mortality rate among the natives, destroying the culture of many tribes. Upwards of one-third to over 90 percent of the Native American population were killed by the European-brought diseases.
486949447	The encomienda was	a royal grant of Indian labor and land to conquistadores in return for their protection and guidance. Conquistadores usually abused the intent of these encomiendas, exploiting the Indian labor, but neglecting their obligation to protect the Indians and see to their material well being and religious training.
486949448	In Canada, the French colonial empire was	based primarily on the fur trade. Although the effort was made, feudal institutions did not fair well in French America.
486949449	The English and Spanish colonial systems differed in that	the English efforts were privately funded, while the Spanish colonies were supported by the crown.
486949450	To keep the dream of America alive, Richard Hakluyt	interviewed explorers and propagandized their stories in a book.
486949451	The experience of English colonization of Ireland	served as a model for England's later colonization of America. Experiences in Ireland caused English colonizers in America to approach the latter enterprise with some preconceived notions about native peoples and how they must be treated.
486949452	John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) primarily wanted to	find the northwest passage for England.
486962709	The Act of Supremacy of 1534	made the Catholic Church supreme in England.
486962710	Most tribes located on the Atlantic Coast of North America belonged to a linguistic group known as	the Eastern Woodlands Tribal Group
486962711	Eric the Red's son, Leif, established a small settlement in North America in the tenth century called	Greenland
486962712	More maneuverable ships built in the fifteenth century with a new type of sail were called	caravels
486962713	In 1494, Pope Alexander VI divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal by issuing the	Treaty of Tordesillas
486962714	The teachings of John Calvin, especially the doctrine of predestination, contributed to the development of a religious group known as the	Puritans
486962715	In colonizing North America, the English monarchs	followed no central plan and granted charters and proprietorships for a variety of reasons.
486962716	The flow of immigrants to the English colonies in the seventeenth century	was determined by political upheaval, religious persecution, and economic recession. All these played a role in motivating various emigrants to leave England and settle in the American colonies.
486962717	By founding a colony in North America, the London Company (later the Virginia Company) initially wanted to	make profits through the discovery of gold and silver. It wanted to emulate the Spanish success.
486962718	In the early days of the Virginia colony, the settlers	preferred searching for gold to farming or guarding the settlement. The settlers' orders (and their preferences) were to search for gold, so they did.
486962719	The solution to the economic problems of Virginia was	the cultivation of tobacco. John Rolfe found a way of curing tobacco that made it a profitable staple crop.
486962720	The Lords Baltimore viewed their colonizing project as	a haven for English Catholics. Although founded as a haven for English Catholics, Protestants soon outnumbered Maryland's Catholics and introduced a high level of contention into the colony's politics.
486962721	Pilgrims, or Separatists, left the Anglican Church because they	felt that it was still influenced too much by Catholic elements. Separatists were especially offended by the "popish" liturgy of the Anglican Church.
486962722	The colony of New York	was originally settled by the Dutch and was then taken over by the English. The English takeover in 1664 was bloodless.
486962723	The economy of Carolina was	at first diverse in agriculture and then became dependent on rice as a staple.
486962724	The seventeenth-century English colonies	had few common traits other than their loyalty to the monarch. Loyalty to the crown was not an issue in the American colonies in the seventeenth century; in almost everything else, there was diversity in the colonies.
486962725	In the seventeenth century, the colonists in Massachusetts were more successful than Virginia's	in adopting a concept of corporate or community welfare.
486962726	The lives of Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson indicate that	Massachusetts Bay faced difficulties in creating the perfect society in America.
486962727	In Massachusetts, the electorate consisted of	all adult male members of a Congregational Church.
486962728	William Penn's Frame of Government for his colony	was based on the ideas of James Harrington.
486962729	The government of the Carolinas	was conceived by the Earl of Shaftesbury with help from John Locke.
486967684	In the seventeenth century Virginia	was a death trap with a mortality rate higher than that of England at the time.
486967685	The Puritans' form of church government, known as Congregationalism	were governed by decisions of a congregational meeting.
486967686	Anne Hutchinson	was an Antinomian who also claimed she had divine revelations and was an outspoken critic of Massachusetts Bay's religious orthodoxy.
486967687	In ruling New York, James, Duke of York,	disallowed a popularly elected assembly in New York
486967688	Quakers believed	in the "Inner Light" of each soul and the possibility of salvation for all.
486970981	Oliver Cromwell	was the military leader and religious reformer who ruled England after the execution of Charles I.
486970982	James II	The Catholic king of England who was exiled by the Glorious Revolution
486970983	Virginia's representative assembly was called the	House of Burgesses
486970984	A grant of land to anyone who would pay transportation costs to a colony was known as a	headright
486970985	A small annual payment to a proprietor of a colony in exchange for a grant of land was called a	quitrent
486970986	The Puritan who became the most important governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony was	John Winthrop
486970987	George Fox	was the Quaker spokesman who wrote extensively of the "Inner Light."
486970988	Many of the original colonists to the Carolinas were migrants from	Barbados
486982900	New England's increase in population toward the end of the seventeenth century is attributed to the fact that	New England Puritans apparently lived much longer than other colonists did.
486982901	Education of the young during the colonial period was primarily a function of the	family. The family was the central social unit, particularly in Puritan New England
486982902	In which of the following activities or responsibilities could colonial women most expect to take part?	church activities. Women could and did take part in worship and even church government to some level.
486982903	Most farmers in the northern colonies belonged to which of the following groups?	yeoman or independent farmer
486982904	Most of the settlers of the Chesapeake region migrated as	indentured servants.
486982905	Most slaves brought across the Atlantic from Africa by slave traders were sold in which of the following regions?	Brazil or the West Indies. Sugar cultivation pulled the largest percent of slaves to the West Indies and Brazil.
486982906	The British designed the mercantilist system primarily for	work around them as much as possible.
486982907	The issue that started Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia was the	inability of the governor to control the Indians on the frontier effectively.
486982908	To govern the northern colonies, James II created	the Dominion of New England.
486982909	Which of the following factors did not contribute to the hysteria over witchcraft in Salem during the early 1690s?	the refusal of the courts to accept "spectral evidence"
486982910	Until the middle of the seventeenth century, English political leaders	largely ignored the American colonies.
486982911	The main reason for the lack of development of towns in the Chesapeake region seems to have been the	dependence on a one-crop economy.
486982912	The uprising of Massachusetts Bay colonials in response to the Glorious Revolution was directed against the	administration of Governor Andros.
486982913	Regarding Christianity, most slaves in North America	accepted it as their own, but with their own cultural variations.
486982914	The British mercantilist system for managing the empire was	decentralized and created haphazardly
486989774	The best-selling book of seventeenth-century New England was Reverend Michael Wigglesworth's	The Day of Doom
486989775	The first institution of higher learning founded in England's mainland colonies was	Harvard
486989776	Gullah	The creole language which mixed English and African words, was spoken on some of the Sea Islands along the Georgia-South Carolina coast.
486989777	England of vice-admiralty courts in America	were establihsed to try offenders of the Navigation Acts because such courts required neither juries nor oral cross-examination, both traditional elements of the common law.
486990267	Metacomet	The Wampanoag Chief that declared war against the colonists in 1675
487005739	Most Scots-Irish immigrants to America settled in	Pennsylvania.
487005740	Most Germans who settled in the Middle Colonies came to America primarily in search of	land of their own
487005741	The oldest permanent European settlement in what is now the United States is	St. Augustine, Florida. The Spanish founded St. Augustine in 1565.
487005742	Colonists who clustered along the Atlantic coastal cities in the mid-eighteenth century	were culturally very similar to the English
487005743	The balance of trade between England and the colonies had turned so much to England's favor by the mid-eighteenth century chiefly because	industrialization allowed England to sell a greater quantity of consumer goods at cheaper prices to American buyers. Mass produced manufactured goods from England sold more cheaply in the colonies than colonial manufactures; the massive import of English goods (more costly than the raw materials colonists sold in return) created the serious imbalance of trade.
487005744	As a product of the Enlightenment, Benjamin Franklin	constantly pursued his numerous curiosities until they yielded new and practical ideas that were quite usable.
487005745	Jonathan Edwards preached that	God was omnipotent and the eternal fate of helpless individuals was determined at their birth. Like his Calvinist forebears, Edwards preached a doctrine of predestination.
487005746	Royal governors were usually	appointed by the king. Royal governors served at the will of the monarch.
487005747	Members of colonial assemblies perceived it their most important duty to	preserve colonial liberties against any attack or intrusion. In the tradition of the Commonwealthmen, colonial assemblymen viewed their primary purpose as vigilantly defending colonists' rights and liberties.
487005748	Benjamin Franklin's purpose in developing the Albany Plan was to	organize a council of delegates from the separate colonies to coordinate common defense and western expansion.
487005749	The English constitution	was a cumulative body of laws, statutes, and court decisions.
487005750	The Peace of Paris in 1763	gave Britain title to Canada, Florida, and all the land east of the Mississippi River.
487005751	Native Americans of the middle ground	sought to maintain a strong, independent role in commercial exchange with Europeans.
487005752	Colonial commerce by the mid-eighteenth century	helped to "anglicize" American culture by exposing colonists to large amounts of British products.
487005753	Enlightenment philosophers claimed that	humans could achieve perfection in this world through the appeal to reason.
487012218	In the eighteenth century, Spain's North American frontier was more sparsely populated than the English colonies along the Atlantic seaboard.	Spain's settlements in what is now the American Southwest never did grow very large and were always vulnerable to Indian attack or intrusion by foreigners.
487012219	Because of the rapid increase in colonial population,	The standard of living measured by per capita income steadily rose throughout the eighteenth century.
487012220	These thinkers believed that perfection in the human species was possible.	Enlightenment philosophers
487012221	Natural reproduction	was most responsible for the rapid expansion of American population during the eighteenth century.
487012222	Scots-Irish and the Germans	account for the bulk of non-English immigration into the colonies during the eighteenth century.
487012223	According to the principles of the Enlightenment, individuals were to make certain that public institutions such as government were constructed or developed according to	natural laws
487012224	In the search for useful knowledge and inventions, Enlightenment thinkers utilized	practical experimentation
487012225	A major source of political information vigorously put forth, especially in New York and Massachusetts, to exercise vigilance against the spread of "privileged power" was the	weekly journal
487012226	King George's War	American colonists captured the French fortress, Louisburg, only to have to returned it to the French by the Treaty of AixlaChapelle.
487012227	The center of colonial government were the local	assemblies
487013767	The climax to the Seven Years' War was British General Wolfe's successful assault on	Quebec
487013768	The Commonwealthmen	criticized what they saw as corruption and lack of balance in the English Constitutional system.

Class Notes

Social Science

Math

Science

Fine Arts

Test Prep

Textbook Notes

Members Only

Forum

Blogs

Textbook Request

apush 28 test Flashcards

APUSH Chapter 31 - American Life in the "Roaring Twenties" Flashcards

Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Flashcards

US History Test Unit 1 Flashcards

US HISTORY REGENTS REVIEW Flashcards

AP Biology Chapter 6 Vocabulary (The Cell) Flashcards

America Past and Present vol.2 Flashcards

APUSH Terms Chapter 20 Flashcards

AP U.S. History Final Terms (Chapters 1-21) Flashcards

America's Past and Present - Exam II Flashcards

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org

You are here

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org