| 625577132 | French & Indian War | War between Britain and France that started in the Americas and moved to Europe. Fought from 1754 to 1763. Indians helped French. The British won the war and gained the control of eastern North America. Ended with a Treaty of Paris in 1763. Drove French out of North America. | |
| 625577133 | Mercantilism | A Policy in which a Nation could accumulate wealth and become a richer and more powerful nation. They would do this by exporting more goods than they imported thus, not giving money to rival nations. Colonization was an attempt towards mercantilism because of the products that were made in the Americas. | |
| 625577134 | John Locke | An Enlightenment thinker from UK. Believed people deserved natural rights of Life, liberty, and property. If a government doesn't give these rights, the people are able to leave the government Important because it gave ideas to many colonists when they were trying to break from UK. | |
| 625577135 | Proclamation Line | A line developed in 1763 to give Indians the land west of Appalachian Mountains. This act was because the British thought it to be cheaper to not fight with Indians than to fight. This meant that settlers couldn't settle west but many still did. | |
| 625577136 | Enlightenment | A movement in the early 1700's. The Belief that society's problems could be solved through reason and science. | |
| 625577137 | Common Sense | -Written by Thomas Paine
-Discussed independence from Britain, union of new states, and republican state Gov'ts
-Said the king was the greatest enemy of liberty
-If America was free they could trade with entire world | |
| 625577138 | Sons of Liberty | -A group of men who were opposed to British taxes.
-Famous leader- Sam Adams.
-They led violent protest and killed, tarred, and feathered many tax collectors.
-They burned houses and caused all tax collectors to resign. | |
| 625577139 | Stamp Act | (1765)- A tax that made American colonist pay a tax on all printed materials, including newspapers, books, court docs, contracts, and land deeds. Brought about protests of people saying that they had no representation in Parliament so they shouldn't have to pay taxes to the British. | |
| 625577140 | Townshend Acts | a tax that raised price on glass, lead, paper, paint, tea | |
| 625577141 | Battle of Saratoga | Turning point in the war because British were going to New York from Canada. The French then realized that they could fight their old rival | |
| 625577142 | Declaration of Independence | -written on July 2, 1776
-Written by Thomas Jefferson
-Used many of Paine's Ideas
-Used many enlightenment ideas | |
| 625577143 | Boston Tea Party | 1773 patriots revolted by throwing tea into the harbor in response to a harsh tax on Dutch Tea. The tax was an attempt by the British to sell their tea to the colonists. | |
| 625577144 | Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) | An act by Parliament that closed the ports in Boston until they paid for the tea they had destroyed. Along with this, Bostonians had to house British troops in their houses. Sparked more revolts by colonists. | |
| 625577145 | Battles at Lexington and Concord | The British went to Lexington to arrest Hancock and Adams but they met resistance in Lexington and killed eight. They did not arrest the two men but on their way back to Boston they were ambushed by hundreds of militia men.200 British were killed. | |
| 625577146 | First continental Congress | held in Philadelphia in 1774. Every colony but Georgia met, and the idea of being an American was first created. Created a boycott on British goods across the colonies in an attempt to remove the intolerable acts. | |
| 625577147 | Second Continental Congress | Philadelphia in 1775. Congress assumed responsibility for the war with Britain. The continental Army was set up and was led by George Washington. | |
| 625577148 | Battle of Yorktown | 1781 Washington trapped Cornwallis' troops at Yorktown, VA. The French Navy arrived at the perfect time and stopped the British from leaving. British surrender. Treaty of Paris in 1783 was signed giving the US independence and generous boundaries | |
| 625577149 | Articles of Confederation | Drafted in 1777 by the Continental Congress. Design for the Gov't was a loosely constructed 13 states not a strong central Gov't. In this Gov't each state had one vote. No president. Congress had no power to tax. To amend articles you needed all 13 states to vote yes. | |
| 625577150 | Constitutional Convention | 1787. A convention in the Pennsylvania State House where the Articles on Confederation were supposed to be revised. Instead they were thrown out and a new constitution was drafted | |
| 625577151 | Virginia Plan | James Madison
Congress has power to tax and regulate commerce
Power divided amongst the Legislative, Judicial, and Executive branches
States with more population would have more power
Called for a strong president | |
| 625577152 | New Jersey Plan | William Paterson
Congress has powers to regulate commerce and tax
States all have the same power
Preserved an executive committee rather than adopting a singular President
States remained more powerful than the Federal Gov't | |
| 625577153 | The Great Compromise | Roger Sherman
Senate would have equal representation
Supported federalism (divided power among federal and state Gov'ts)
To Satisfy the South:
-Slavery would no longer be imported after 1808
-Three Fifths Compromise-each slave was three-fifths of a person
-Slaves were to be returned to their owners | |
| 625577154 | Federalists | Favored ratification (change the Articles of Confederation)
Famous-George Washington, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, Ben Franklin
Stressed the weakness of the AoC | |
| 625577155 | Anti-Federalists | Opposed ratification
Disliked the lack of a Bill of Rights
Said the new constitution would put in place a strong central gov't
Famous- Sam Adams, John Hancock, George Clinton, Richard Lee, Patrick Henry | |
| 625577156 | Bill of Rights | First ten amendments of the constitution. Written by James Madison. They avoided anything that said all men are created equal which helped to deny slave rights. Freedom of Religion, speech, press, assembly,petition; protection from unreasonable searches and seizures(captures), right to speedy and free trial. Was left open to further amendments. | |
| 625577157 | Shays Rebellion | Led by Daniel Shays, 1787. He led 1000 farmers to seize the Springfield Armory and shut down the courts. It was a reaction to the Articles of Confederation not being able to trade with other nations. Farmers could not sell their produce internationally. | |
| 625577158 | Washington's Farewell Address | He recognized that the country needed him to set a precedent of only running the country for 2 terms so he didn't run again in 1796. He had defeated Indians, opened the west for settlement, suppressed the Whiskey rebellion, kept them out of European Wars, and helped fund the debts. In his farewell address he told his successors to avoid alliances that may lead to wars. He also told them to leave their own desires away and do what's best for the nation. | |
| 625577159 | Interpretations of Constitution | Federalists interpreted the Constitution Broadly and Democratic Republicans interpreted it Strictly. | |
| 625577160 | John Marshall | Supreme Court Justice who formed judicial review (The court could determine if acts of Congress and the President were constitutional). He also interpreted the Constitution broadly. | |
| 625577161 | Marbury v. Madison | court case that established judicial review. Marbury (Federalist) was appointed for Justice of Washington DC. James Madison refused to deliver the papers and John Marshall ruled in favor of Madison. They were from different parties so it pleased Madison (Democratic Republican) but it also gave the courts judicial review, which DRs didn't want. | |
| 625577162 | McCulloch vs. Maryland | State officials in Maryland were raising heavy taxes on the National Banks of that area so their local banks would grow. Marshall said that Congress had the power to make a National Bank and no state could destroy a bank with taxes. | |
| 625577163 | Embargo of 1807 | A failed attempt by Thomas Jefferson to suspend trade with the British, thus ruining their economy. The embargo did the opposite of what it intended to do and it crippled the US economy. Gained support for the Federalists in the North. | |
| 625577164 | Lewis and Clark | Meriwether Lewis and Will Clark were sent to explore the territory purchased in Louisiana Purchase. Exploration happened in 1804. The men were guided by Sacajawea and her husband. | |
| 625577165 | Alien Act | The president could arrest and deport immigrants who criticized the federal Gov't | |
| 625577166 | Sedition Act | allowed juries to acquit defendants who proved the literal truth of their statements. In this system defendants were guilty until proven innocent | |
| 625577167 | Revolution of 1800 | Thomas Jefferson took office and he set out to change things that had been done before. Encouraged Congress to Drop the Alien and Sedition Acts and the taxes on unlike goods, wanted to pay all of the debt down, increased foreign trade, sold new federal lands to pay it down. | |
| 625577168 | War of 1812 | War with Britain over the repeated economic attacks made by Britain (Impressments, banned direct voyages to Europe). War ended with Treaty of Ghent | |
| 625577169 | Louisiana Purchase | 1803. Gave land from Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains to the US. Thomas Jefferson bought the land from the French for $15 million. This contradicted Jefferson's principles because he was in favor a strict constitution but he as president went out and bought land. | |
| 625577170 | Treaty of Ghent | A treaty in which both sides of the War of 1812 restored prewar boundaries and moved on. This was because both sides were exhausted of war. Was good news for US because the news was broken shortly after the news of the Battle of new Orleans. This made it look like Jackson had caused the Treaty. Treaty signed in Belgium. | |
| 625577171 | Battle of New Orleans | The American's greatest victory where Andrew Jackson helped to massacre the British | |
| 625577172 | Election of 1824 (Corrupt Bargain) | Jackson, Clay, Adams, and Crawford all ran. The House of Reps chose Adams because Henry Clay had supported him. After Adams became President, he appointed Henry Clay as his Secretary of State. This was seen as a corrupt bargain by Andrew Jackson | |
| 625577173 | Spoils System | A system that president Jackson used to get people to be loyal. If one remained loyal to Jackson's party, he would then reward them with political positions around him. | |
| 625577174 | Republican Party | A party formed that was against slavery and the Kansas-Nebraska Act. It was formed in 1854. Abe Lincoln was a republican president. They wanted Kansas to be admitted as a free state, and they were against popular sovereignty to decide on the issue of slavery. | |
| 625577175 | Bleeding Kansas | Border Ruffians from Mississippi would enter into Kansas and persuade people to vote for slavery because Mississippi was a slave state. It exposed the weaknesses of Popular Sovereignty. Two governments had been created in Kansas and they had opposing views on slavery. The Proslavery Capital was Lecompton and the antislavery capital was Topeka. The bloody part of this was when Lawrence was burned by the Border Ruffians (wanted slavery). The fights went on for weeks as both sides attacked each other. | |
