AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

Founders of the Thirteen Colonies

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224590370William BradfordMassachusetts (Plymouth)
224590371John WinthropMassachusetts (Massachusetts Bay)
224590372Ferdinando Gorges/John MasonNew Hampshire
224590373Thomas HookerConnecticut (Hartford)
224590374Roger WilliamsRhode Island
224590375Peter MinuetNew York (originally New Netherland)
224590376Swedish settlersDelaware (originally New Sweden)
224590377John Berkeley/George CarteretNew Jersey (originally part of New Netherland and New Sweden)
224590378William PennPennsylvania
224590379John SmithVirginia
224590380George CalvertMaryland
224590381Group of eight proprietorsThe Carolinas
224590382James OglethorpeGeorgia
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New England/Middle Colonies

review on New England and Middle colonies material-founding of the colonies.

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358085267Roger Williamsfounded Rhode Island for religious freedom. Bought land from Native Americans
358085268John Winthropbrought Puritans to Massachusetts Bay and started Boston for religious freedom.
358085269Anne Hutchinsonsent out of Boston due to not following ministers teachings and said God spoke to her.
358085270John Wheelwrightleft Massachusetts and started Exeter, New Hampshire for religious freedom.
358085271Thomas Hookerstarted the colony in Hartford, Connecticut. He felt the government had too much power in Massachusetts.
358085272William Bradfordlet the Pilgrims to Plymouth for religious freedom.
358085273Duke of Yorktook over New Netherlands from cruel leader Peter Stuyvesant in 1664.
358085274Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteretbegan the colony of New Jersey to gain profit from land sales.
358113945William Pennbegan the Holy Experiment and a home for Quakers.
358113946Separatistswanted to break away from the Anglican Church and create their own church
358113947Puritanswanted to change the Anglican Church
358113948Quakerswas also called the Society of Friends, believed everyone equal in God's sight.
358113949General CourtMassachusetts representative assembly, only male church members could vote for members
358113950Mayflower Compactrepresentative government set up in Plymouth
358113951separation of church and stateidea that the government system and religious beliefs must remain divided.
358113952Fundamental Orders of Connecticutfirst constitution that set limits on the government, listing what they had the power to do.
358113953patroonslarge land grants given in New Netherlands if you brought 50 settlers where you could rule and tax as you wished.
358113954proprietary colonycolony which was owned by someone who paid a yearly fee to the king.
358113955Delawarecolony given to William Penn to allow access to the Atlantic securing trade and economic growth.
358113956New Jerseycolony that allowed religious freedom, trial by jury and representative government.
358113957philadelphiaplanned city by Penn where there would be green grass and gardens, space between houses
358113958holy experimentname to describe Penn's wish to prove that all faiths could live in one colony in peace.
358113959melting pothistorical term used to describe the Middle colonies where many nationalities over time came to be American rather than staying German, French, Swedish, English, Welch....
358113960Pennsylvaniathis colony advertised for settlers drawing a diverse group to the colony
358113961New Netherlandsoriginal name of New York colony
358113962Peter Stuyvesantcruel governor of the colony of New Netherlands. People would not help him fight the English when they arrived to attack the colony
358113963Massachusetts Bay Colonythis colony had no toleration for other beliefs
358113964Great Migrationtime between 1630 and 1640 when 15,000 settlers moved to Massachusetts Bay colony
358113965pacifistspeople who refused to fight in war and is against violence
358113966landreason conflicts arise between English settlers and Native Americans
358113967Providencefirst town in Rhode Island
358113968Rhode IslandThis colony had religious freedom and separation of church and state
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The New England Colonies

chapter 3 section 1

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441849928Explain why the Pilgrims left England- Due to religious conflict - Traveled in search of a place to worship God in their own way
441849929Identify when and where the pilgrims landed- 1620 aboard the Mayflower - Landed on what is now Provincetown, MA (colony of Plymouth)
441849930Describe what religious conflicts took place in England since 1534- King Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church to form the Church of England (Anglican Church) - His motives had been primarily personal (Pope had refused to grant him a divorce from his wife) - King Henry VIII's church remained largely Catholic - Troubled many English Christians who wanted a Protestant church
441849931Explain who separatists were- People who had broken with the Anglican church
441849932Explain who Puritans were- Protestants who wish to "purify" the Anglican Church of all Catholic rituals and traditions - Example: Pilgrims
441849933State what had happened to the Pilgrims on their journey- They were blown off course but chose to stay in Cape Cod Bay
441849934Identify how the Pilgrims managed to keep order- Leaders had created an agreement for the men to sign, called the Mayflower Compact
441849935Summarize what the Mayflower Compact did and what took place after its signing- Established a self-governing colony based on the majority rule of male church members - After signed, the colonists elected John Carver as their governor and turned to the challenge of surviving the winter
441849936Describe the relationship between the Indians and Pilgrims- During the winter, the Pilgrims looked towards the Indians (Wampanoag) for help - Signed a peace treaty - Squanto, a Patuxet Indian, helped the pilgrims a lot because he spoke English
441849937Describe Squanto's background- Kidnapped in 1615 - Lived in Spain and England before returning home in 1619 to find his village wiped out by disease - Then lived with Wampanoag
441849938Identify what both James I and his son Charles wanted within England- Wanted to stop Puritans from practicing their religion
441849939State the economic difficulties English Puritans faced- England's population had dramatically increased, but employment had not - Profit of wool increased which led large landowners to turn to raising sheep - Landowners fenced their lands and drove off the tenant farmers, many who were Puritans - Land was scarce and money for it increased - 1620s, crop failures
441849940Cause/Effect of religious persecution and economic ruin in England- Many Puritans moved to colonies in the 1630s - Led to Great Migration
441849941Indicate the amount of people who left England for the Americas- Over 40,000
441849942Describe what happened in England in 1642- Conflict between the Puritans and Royalists turned into civil war - Led by Oliver Cromwell, the Puritans won
441849943Summarize what a group of wealthy Puritans did in 1629- Obtained a royal charter for the MA Bay Company that allowed them to establish a colony in North America - 1630, the company's fleet of 11 ships carried some 1000 settlers to MA
441849944Explain how the Puritans decided to deal with their religious views- Did not wish to cut all ties with England or the Anglican Church - Hoped to provide other Christians with an example of a model community
441849945State what the charter of the MA Bay Company allowed and didn't allow Winthrop to do- Govern the colony as he wished - Could not violate English law
441849946Describe what the New England Way was- Cooperation between church and state that was the basis fo the Puritan commonwealth - Symbolized by meetinghouse
441849947List several of topics that Puritans believed in- Everyone in the community had to live a moral life - Predestination
441849948Explain the primary purpose of Harvard College- Training of young men for ministry
441849949Compare the roles of Women and Men- Women made soap, candles, yarn, clothes, butter and cheese; occasionally sold surplus in town to help support family - Men/boys attended school and worked in fields
441849950Summarize the events that took place after Minister Thomas Hooker left MA- Left due to religious differences with Puritan leaders - Moved southwest to get more farmland - Established colony in the CT Valley - Adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
441849951Describe what happened to those who questioned Puritan ways in the MA Bay Colony- Forced to leave
441849952Summarize what happened to Roger Williams- Believed in strict separation of church and state - Puritan leaders banished him - He purchased land from Narraganset Indians and sounded Providence, Rhode Island - Obtained a royal charter for the colony in 1633 that gave religious freedom to its inhabitants
441849953Describe Anne Hutchinson's background- Born in England 1591 - Came to Boston with family in 1634 - Worked as a nurse and midwife - Devoted herself to Bible study - Attracted a group of women who rested the Puritan ministers' authority
441849954Identify what happened once officias recognized Anne Hutchinson and a rebellion approaching- Arrested Hutchinson - She was then banished in 1638 and moved to Rhode Island
441849955Identify what later became an issue within MA- People were accused of witchcraft
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French food list

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736646la viandemeat
736647le jambonham
736648le pouletchicken
736649le poissonfish
736650une bananebanana
736651des haricots vertsgreen beans
736652des petits poispeas
736653une pomme de terrepotato
736654la saladelettuce/salad
736655un champignonmushroom
736656un oignononion
736657une poirepear
736658une bananebanana
736659une pommeapple
736660une fraisestrawberry
736661une cerisecherry
736662un ananaspineapple
736663une pruneplum
736664une pêchepeach
736665une pamplemoussegrapefruit
736666des raisinsgrapes
736667un citronlemon
736668des framboisesraspberries
736669les boissonsbeverages
736670le laitmilk
736671l'eauwater
736672le thétea
736673le cafécoffee
736674l'eau minéralemineral water
736675une limonadewhite soda
736676un citron pressélemonade
736677un chocolathot chocolate
736678un jus de tomatetomato juice
736679un cocadark soda
736680un gâteaucake
736681une tartepie
736682une glaceice cream
736683un biscuitcookie
736684le beurrebutter
736685le painbread
736686le fromagecheese
736687le sucresugar
736688un oeufegg
736689la confiturejelly
736690une mousse au chocolatchocolate pudding
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American Pageant 12th edition Unit 1 Flashcards

All key terms from the first unit of the American Pageant US history book

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345099585Lord Baltimoreman of a prominent English Catholic family that founded Maryland; caused the Act of Toleration to be passed by founding a Catholic settlement and causing a feud with the Protestants0
345099586Act of Tolerationa political act that permitted practice of Catholicism in the colonies; shaped the foundation for America's freedom of religion and helped them branch out of England's Protestant rule1
345099587Virginia Companya promise of gold to settle in the New World from King James and guarantees them the same rights of Englishmen; gave settlers an incentive to settle in the New World and therefore helped increase the population of the colonies2
345099588John Rolfehusband of Pocahontas and father of the tobacco industry; became a savior for the economy of the Virginia colony by mass producing tobacco products3
345099589James Oglethorpea man keen on prison reform in Georgia; saved the "Charity Colony" by repelling the Spanish and mortgaging his own personal fortune4
345099590Barbados Slave Codedenied even fundamental rights to slaves and gave their masters virtually complete control over them; shaped the way masters treated their slaves up until the Civil War5
345099591Mayflower Compactthe short agreement written by the Pilgrims to form a crude government and submit to majority rule; one of the things taken into account when writing the US Constitution was this document6
345099592Anne Hutchinson and Roger WilliamsHutchinson-claimed that the "saved" need not follow the laws (antinomianism) Williams-popular Salem minister that questioned the Puritans' religious regulation, founded Baptism; both of them made valuable religious arguments that helped lead to the freedom of religion for all7
345099593Henry Hudsonman seeking greater riches that found the Hudson River and a new land for the Dutch; gained more land mass for the Dutch and the Dutch East India Co.8
345099594Quakers and William Penn's "holy Experiment"Quakers-worshippers of Jesus that were shunned by Puritans; named for emotional quaking during worship W. Penn-founded Pennsylvania that accepted Quakers lots of people flocked to PA for religious toleration, therefore moving a step closer to total religious freedom9
345099595John Winthropgovernor of the Bay Colony that believed in the "city on a hill" covenant; helped establish Massachusetts' economy and allowed it to become the largest colony in the New World10
345099596Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639established Connecticut's government and gave power mostly to substantial citizens; modern constitution that helped shape our country's original voting laws and regulations11
345099597Puritansdidn't agree with the Church of England and wanted to "purify" it; first large groups of settlers to populate the New World were Puritans12
345099598Navigation Lawsrestricted colonial trade so they could only trade with English colonies, resulting in a lot of smuggling; caused the colonies' economies to plummet and led to the Glorious Revolt, placing Protestant rulers on the throne13
345099599Sir Edmund Andros (Dominion of New England)supporter of the Church of England and ruthless leader of the Dominion of New England; another factor that led to the Glorious Revolt, being driven out of the colonies and back to England14
345099600Separatistsextreme Puritans that wanted to completely break away from the Church of England; first group arrive in 1620 (Pilgrims) and created a very crude form of democracy in their Plymouth colony (Mayflower Compact)15
345099601Bible Commonwealthlocated in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, heavily regulated admission (John Cotton); led to Massachusetts becoming an efficient, tightly knit community that shared common ideas of religion16
345099602indentured servitudeworking for someone for a specified period of time in exchange for passage to the New World; the servants eventually became mutinous and led to the introduction of black slaves in the New World17
345099603Bacon's Rebelliona rebellion that took place in 1676 where 1000 landless whites led by Nathaniel Bacon went down to the governor's building and caused a riot; caused wealthy landowners to be wary of indentured servants, causing African slaved to be more widely used18
345099604Half-Way Covenantthe groups of people that were accepted into the Puritan church, but not necessarily converted; let more people into the Puritan church and started to stray away from the originally strict codes of the Puritans, taking a small step closer to religious freedom19
345099605Leisler's Rebelliona conflict between lordly landholders and aspiring merchants in New York as a reaction to Edmund Andros' cruelty; another way that wanted to resist aristocracy, but eventually failed20
345099606"middle passage"the transatlantic voyage for African slaves in which they were packed tightly into boats and shipped off; set a precedent for the treatment of African slaves as property, not human beings21
345099607"headright" systemsystem in which wealthy landowners would pay for the passage of an indentured servant in exchange for 50 acres of land and their servitude; eventually led to Bacon's Rebellion and the formation of huge plantations22
345099608William Berkeleythe governor of Virginia who established trade with the Indians and refused to protect his people from their brutal hostility; his actions led to Bacon's Rebellion and ignited the mutiny of more indentured servants; therefore, he was a major cause of the increased use of black slaves23
345099609The Great Awakeningthe large, widespread religious movement in the 1730s and 1740s; brought some of the first generation zeal back into the colonies and it was the first mass movement out of colonial boundaries24
345099610Jonathan Edwardspreacher that painted vivid pictures of God holding people over the fiery pit of hell in his sermons; basically started the Great Awakening25
345099611George Whitefieldvery emotional preacher that moved many people, including Jonathan Edwards, to tears; kept the flames of the Great Awakening burning bright and strong26
345099612old and new lightsold lights-orthodox preachers new lights-preachers during the Great Awakening split up during t he Great Awakening and increased the competitiveness of American churches27
345099613John Peter Zengerfound not guilty when accused of libel after printing something completely true about a corrupt governor in the paper; America's first step toward freedom of the press28
345099614Molasses Actdesigned to cease America's trade with the French West Indies; the first in a long line of cruel acts that eventually led the American colonies to revolution29
345099615William PittBritish leader that conquered most North American French territory during the French and Indian War; gave Britain its first significant win during the war and eventually helped to throw the French almost entirely off the continent30
345099616French and Indian Warstarted by George Washington's attacks on the Indians in 1754 and turned into one of the largest scale conflicts of the time; shattered the myth of British invincibility and gave the colonists new hope for independence, melted colonial disunity31
345099617Albany Congressa meeting called to help bolster colonial unity and attempt self-government; bolstered unity, but failed self-government because of too much compromise, thus showing that more action needed to be taken to unify32
345099618Peace of Paristhrew French power completely off the continent of North America; left behind a strong French minority in Canada33
345099619Proclamation of 1763British order prohibiting settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains; angered colonists and greatly increased westward settlement34
345099620mercantilismthe idea that money is power and the more gold or silver a country has in its treasury, the more global power it has; greatly stifled the colonies' economic growth and gave American the feeling of being controlled by the British and was therefore an important factor in starting the revolution35
345099621virtual v. actual representationvirtual-British members of Parliament represent all British colonies actual-colonists go to England and represent the colonies in Parliament actual representation may have left the American reps forced into an unfair law through a vast outnumbering36
345099622Sons of Libertya group of men that protested the Stamp Act through means of violence, ransacking, hanging, boycotting, and tar and feathers; led to the breaking down of Parliament, forcing them to repeal the Stamp Act37
345099623Parliament's Actstaxes imposed on the colonists intended to help pay for their defense, but ended up just angering them; with that many taxes in succession, the acts got the colonists riled up enough to start a revolution38
345099624Boston Tea PartyDecember 16, 1773 where colonists dressed as Indians dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor; forced Parliament to pass the Intolerable Acts that helped ignite the flames of revolution39
345099625First Continental Congress (The Association)12 out of 13 colonies met in Philadelphia to attempt to unite the colonies, eventually called for a complete boycott of British goods; showed colonial strength and unity and was an important step in the forming of a new country40
345099626Boston MassacreMarch 5, 1773 when provoked British troops opened fire and killed American colonists; outraged the colonists and fed the flames of revolution41
345099627Committees of Correspondencecommittees set up in each colony to spread the spirit of resistance and communicate with other colonies; developed directly into the first American Congress42
345099628Richard Henry Leethe man who penned the original Declaration of Independence that was ratified on July 2, 1776; the first formal declaration of independence from Britain was written by Lee43
345099629Thomas Paine's "Common Sense"a 47-page pamphlet encouraging Americans to break away from Great Britain; sparked an interest in revolution and republican government44
345099630Second Continental Congressa meeting called in 1775 to address the issue of possible war with Britain; bolstered colonial unity, as all 13 colonies had representatives present45
345099631Patrick Henrya man who spoke about fighting for independence; greatly encouraged Americans to use violence against the British and forcefully break away from them46
345099632natural rightsrights of all mankind that cannot be taken away; justified the separation from Britain and the idea of limited self-government47
345099633Loyalists/ToriesAmericans loyal to the British crown; Loyalists created a huge barrier in the Patriots' fight for separation from England, but were eventually suppressed and driven from the country48
345099634Treaty of Paris, 1783the document signed by the British that formally recognized the independence of the United States; officially made the colonies a new nation49
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Chapter 3- Gardner's Art Through the Ages

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12019970Ramses IIpowerful New Kingdom pharaoh
12019971IsisEgyptian goddess, wife of Osiris
12019972Mentuhotep IMiddle Kingdom pharaoh
12019973kaimmortal human essence
12019974Horushawk god, protector of the pharaoh
12019975necropolislarge burial area; city of the dead
12019976pylonmonumental entrance of an Egyptian temple
12019977Imhoteparchitect of Pyramid of King Djoser
12019978NefertitiNew Kingdom queen, wife of Akhenaton
12019979Amarnanew artistic style established by Akhenaton
12019980KhafreOld Kingdom pharaoh
12019981clerestorya section of a building that rises above the aisles and allows light to enter
12019982Atonsingle god worshiped by Akhenaton
12019983Karnaksite of large temple complex
12019984atlantidcolumn in shape of male figure
12019985Tutankhamenking whose tomb was discovered with contents intact
12019986Hatshepsutfemale who ruled as pharaoh
12019987Re or Amen-ReEgyptian sun god worshiped at Karnak
12019988mastabaa bench-shaped Egyptian tomb
12019989Osirisdying resurrecting god
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Chapter 50: Intro to Ecology and the Biosphere Flashcards

Unit 8: Ecology

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430049651abioticnon-living0
430049652bioticliving1
430049653organismal biologystudy of behavioral, morphological, and physiological responses of an org to its abiotic and biotic environment2
430049654population ecologystudy of factors that control the size of populations3
430049655community ecologystudy of interaction between populations (predation and competition)4
430049656ecosystem ecologystudy of abiotic factors and biological community (flow of energy and chemical recycling)5
430049657landscape ecologystudy of impact of juxtaposition of different ecosystems6
430049658biosphere (global ecosystem)layer of Earth inhabited by life7
430049659precautionary principleused to guide decisions affecting the balance of an ecosystem or environment8
430049660biogeographypast and present distribution of species9
430049661dispersalarea inaccessible10
430049662behaviorhabitat selection11
430049663tens ruleapplies to introduced species (1 in 10 are successful, 1 in 10 become a pest)12
430064369temperatureaffects metabolism and enzyme activity13
430064370wateravailability of water affects organisms14
430064371sunlightintensity and quality of light are limiting factors in aquatic enviros, plants and animals sensitive to photoperiod15
430064372windincreases rate of heat and water loss, affects plant morphology16
430064373rocks and soilvary in physical structure, pH, mineral composition, affect distribution of plants and therefore animals17
430064374biomemajor type of ecosystem found in broad geographic regions18
430064375climographplots annual mean temperature and rainfall for a region19
430064376solar radiationheats the atmosphere, land, and water, creates patterns of temp variation, air circulations, and water evap, causes latitudinal variations in climate20
430064377trophicsreceive greatest amount and least variation of solar radiation21
430064378biannual turnoveroccurs in lakes, bring oxygenated water to the bottom and nutrient-rich water to the surface22
430064379microclimateclimates within an area with different abiotic factors that affect distribution of organisms23
430064380global warmingaffects geographical climate limits therefore affecting various plant and tree species through seed dispersal24
430064381photic zonezone in aquatic biome that receives sufficient light for photosynthesis25
430064382aphotic zonezone in aquatic biome that does not receive sufficient light for photosynthesis26
430064383thermoclineseparates warmer surface water from cold bottom layer27
430064384benthic zonebottom substrate in water body home to benthos28
430064385benthosorganisms that live in the benthic zone29
430064386detritusdebris that settles to the bottom (aphotic, benthic, profund), serves as food for benthos30
430064387littoral zoneshallow water close to shore support rooted and floated aquatic life31
430064388limnetic zoneopen surface waters occupied by phytoplankton and zooplankton32
430064389oligotrophic lakenutrient poor, deep, clear, non productive33
430064390eutrophic lakenutrient rich, shallow, support productive phytoplankton communities34
430064391mesotrophic lakemoderate amount of nutrients and phytoplankton35
430064392cultural eutrophicationdumping of human waste into oligotrophic lakes converting them into eutrophic lakes36
430064393wetlandsareas covered with water and hydrophytes37
430064394hydrophyteswater plants38
430064395estuarieswhere freshwater river or stream meets the ocean, low oxygen levels, high in nutrient content and productivity39
430064396headwater of streamshallow water, capillaries of main streams, high nutrient content, high productivity40
430377862turbid rivercloudy water, low oxygen level, high nutrient content, low productivity41
430377863intertidal zoneshore line of water body, rocky or sandy beaches42
430377864neritic zoneshallow region over continental shelf43
430377865oceanic zonegreat depths of the ocean44
430377866pelagic zoneopen water of any depth45
430377867coral reefshighly productive biomes, coral has calcium carbonate structured skeletons46
430377868oceanic pelagic biometypically nutrient poor, home to buoyant phytoplankton47
430377869abyssal zonedeep benthic region where light does not penetrate48
430377870deep sea hydrothermal ventscreate hot, low oxygen environments in the abyssal zone49
430377871ecotonewhere biomes grade into each other50
430377872tropical forestsbiome within 23* latitude of equator, rainfall is abundant, much vertical stratification51
430377873savannasbiome with tropical and subtropical grasslands with scattered trees and rainy and dry seasons52
430377874desertsbiome with low and unpredictable rainfall, can be hot or cold, animals adapt to dry conditions53
430377875chaparralbiome common along coastlines in midlatitudes with mild, rainy winters, hot, dry summers and periodic fires54
430377876temperate grasslandsbiome maintained by fires, seasonal drought, and grazing by large mammals with soils that are deep and rich in nutrients55
430377877temperate deciduous forestsbiome with midlatitude regions with adequate moisture to support the growth of large trees that drop leaves before winter56
430377878coniferous forest or taigabiome found in northern latitudes with harsh winters and heavy snowfall, trees grow uniformly and do not drop needles before winter57
430377879tundrabiome with dwarfed or matlike vegetation, northernmost biome58
430377880alpine tundrabiome found at all latitudes on high mountains above the tree line, similar vegetation to that of a tundra59
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ACT Vocab List 2012

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376312894aboundto be well supplied; to have great quantities
376312895absencebeing away or lacking something; inattentiveness
376312896Absurdextremely ridiculous or completely lacking reason
376312897Accelerationthe rate of change of velocity
376312898Abundancehaving considerably more than is necessary or adequare; more than plenty
376312899Accommodateto adapt or adjust in a way that makes someone else comfortable; to make room
376312900Accusationa statement blaming someone for a crime or error
376312901Acidichaving a pH that is less than 7
376312902Acridharsh or bitter taste or smell
376312903acureangle less than 90 degrees; sharp, quick and percise; intense
376312904adaptto change or modify to suit a particular purpose
376312905adjacentin the nearest position; next to
376312906adolescencethe stage of development between puberty and maturity
376312907aersolsolid or liquid particles suspended in gas
376312908aestheticappeals to the senses because it is beautiful
376312909affiliationa connection between groups of people, organizations, or establishments
376312910agilitythe quality of being quick and nimble
376312911agronomista soil management and field-crop production expert
376312912alienateto isolate oneself from others or another person from oneself
376312913alignto adjust parts so that they fit together correctly, usually in a straight line
376312914alkalinityhaving a pH level greater than 7
376312915allegianceloyalty to a person, group, country or cause
376312916altitudeelevation above a level of reference, usually given in feet above sea level
376312917ambiguousunclear or capable of having more than one meaning
376312918amino acidsvarious organic compounds that link together to form proteins
376312919amplea more-than-sufficient amount; roomy
376312920analogousitems that are similar and comparable in some way; serving a simlar function
376312921analogya comparison of similarities between two or more things
376312922anatomicalrelated to the struchture of an organism
376312923ancestralrelating to or inerited from an ancestor
376312924anewstarting again in a new or different way
376312925anomalysomething that is different from the norm
376312926anticipateto look forward to or to except
376312927antigena substance such as a toxin or enzyme capable of eliciting an immune response
376312928antitoxinan antibody created for and capable of neutralizing a toxin
376312929apathylack of any emotion or concern
376312930aperturean opening or hole, usually in an optical instrument, such as a camera, that limits the amount of light passing through a lens
376312931apocalypsegreat or total devastation; approximating the end of the world
376312932apparatusa material or device used for a specific purpose
376312933appealingattractive and inviting; the act of making a request for a decision or help
376312934arisenthe state of being up after sitting or lying
376312935aristocratichaving the qualities of the elite, ruling class
376312936articulateto clearly explain; the quality of being able to speak clearly
376312937aspecta certain part of something; the side of an object that faces a certain direction
376312938assertto demonstrate power; to defend a statement as true
376312939assumptionsomething believed to be true without proof; unsupported device
376312940AsteroidSmall celestial body that revolves around the sun, with a diameter between a few and several hundred kilometers
377582607Asthenospherea lower layer of the earth's crust
377582608Astonishingamazing or bewildering
377582609Atriuman area of a building, usually a courtyard, that is skylighted or open to the sky and that often contains plants
377582610Bacteriasingle-celled microorganisms
377582611Banishto force to leave; exile
377582612Banyaneast indian tree that has aerial shoots growing down into the soil and forming additional trunks, loose jacket worn in india
377582613Basaltsolidified lava; a dense, gray, fine-grained igneous rock
377582614Bemoanto express grief; to deplore
377582615beneficiaryrecipient of benefits, for example, funds or property from an insurance policy or will
377582616bingea duration of excessive and uncontrolled self-indulgence
377582617biomasstotal mass of all the living matter within a given area
377582618biosynthesisthe production of a chemical compound within the body
377582619boiling pointthe temperature a liquid must be to change states from liquid to gas
377582620broodto dwell over past misfortune; a group of offspring
377582621buoyanttending to float; lighthearted
377582622bureaucratan official in government; a term usually used in an insulting manner
377582623by-productsproducts made in the process of making something else, sometimes unexpected
377582624calamityhorrible events that results in extreme loss
377582625calligraphyelegant lettering; the art of producing such writing
377582626capacitymaximum amount that an object or area can hold; mental ability
377582627capillaryvery slim tube; one of a network of extremely small blood vessels
377582628carbohydratesugars and starches that serve as a major energy source for animals
377582629cataloguea systematic list of things, such as books in a library or items for sale at a store
377582630catalystan agent that causes or speeds up a chemical reaction
377582631celestialrelating to the sky; divine or heavenly
377583115Celsiusa temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 0 degrees and the boiling point is 100 degrees under normal atmospheric conditions
378704433cerebral edemabrain swelling
378704434chaosa state of complete disarray
378704435characteristicsdistinguishing attributes or qualitites of a person or thing
378704436chlorophylla green pigment produced in response to sunlight during photosynthesis
378704437cholesterola soft, waxy compound found in the body and in the food we eat
378704438chronologya list of events arranged by time of occurance
378704439circumscribeto enclose a shape with lines or curves, so that the vertex of the enclosed object touches part of the enclosing configuration
378704440coherentthe quality of being logical and clear
378704441cohesivenessthe quality of sticking together
378704442coincidentaloccuring by chance
378704443collinearpassing through or lying on the same straight line
378704444colloida gelatinous material
378704445cometa celestial body, having an enlongated, curved vapor tail, which is seen only in that part of its orbit that is relatively close to the sun
378704446commendableworthy of praise
378704447common differencethe equal distance between one number in an arithmetic sequence and the next
378704448common ratiothe ratio of one term and the next in a geometric sequence
378704449comparisiona description of similarities or differences between two things
378704450compatriotsomeone from one's country; a colleague
378704451competencethe quality of having adequate skill, knowledge and experience
378704452composeto form by placing parts or elements together; to bring oneself to a state of calm
378704453comprehensiveall-inclusive
378704454compressibilitythe ease with which pressure can alter the volume of matter
378704455concedeto admit or reluctantly yield; to surrender
378704456concentrationthe amount of one substance contained with another; intense mental effort or focus
378704457concentrichaving a common center
378704458Concertocomposition for an orchestra and one or more solo instruments, typically in three movements
378816875concoctto prepare by mixing ingredients together; devise a plan
378816876condenseto become more compact; to change from a vapor to a liquid
378816877conducivetending to cause or bring about
378816878congruentcorresponding; equal in length or measure
378816879conjureto bring to mind; to produce as if magic
378816880consciencethe mental sense that guides moral decisions
378816881consecutiveuninterrupted sequence
378816882consentpermission; to agree to
378816883consequenceresult of an action
378816884conservatorya fine arts school; a greenhouse of plants aesthetically arranged
378816885constantthe quality of being unchanging; marked by firm resolution or loyalty
378816886constituencya group of citizens who have power to elect an official; an electoral district
378816887contemplateto carefully consider
378816888contemporaryperson or thing of the same era or age; current, modern
378816889contexttext or spoken words that surround a word or passage and help determine meaning; circumstances that surround an event
378816890contradictto assert the opposite
378816891contriveto clearly plan; to clearly devise
378816892controversialcharacterized by dispute; debatable
378816893cordialsincere; courteous
378816894correlateto have corresponding characterisitics
378816895cosabbrevation of cosine
378816896cosineOpposite Hypotenuse
378816897credulitya tendency to trust to easily
378816898crimsona deep color red
378816899criterionrequirement on which judgement can be based
378816900crucialextremely important
378816901cryopreservationpreservation (as of cells) by very low temperatures
378816902cubea erm raised to the third power; a regular solid having six congruent faces
378816903cubic inchthe volume of a cube with edges that all measure one inch
378816904cuisinefood prepared by a style of cooking, for example, "Italian Cuisine"
378816905cylindricalhaving the shape of a cylinder, or a solid with circular ends and straight lines
378816906decipherto interpret the meaning, usually of a code or hard-to-read handwriting
378816907decomposeto disintergrate into componets
378816908de-emphasizeto minimize the importance
378816909defectionwithdrawing one's support; to escape or become a traitor
378816910deformto disfigure; to ruin the shape of an object
378816911degreeone in a series of steps in a process or scale; a unit of measurement
378816912delegateto transfer responsibilities to another; a personal representative
378816913deliberateto carefully plan out; to consider carefully
378816914delveto deeply and thoroughly search
378816915demeanto reduce in worth
378816916demisethe end of existence
378816917demurto express opposition
378816918deriveto infer certain knwledge; to trace the origin or development of something
378816919descendto come from a particular origin; to move down from a higher point
378816920descendanta person, animal, or plant that can be traced back to a certian origin
378816921deterto prevent from taking a particular course of action
378816922determinantthe difference between multiplied terms in a matrix
378816923deviaitona divergence from a certain path; in mathematics: the differnce, especially the absolute difference, between one number in a set and the mean of the set
378816924deviseto design or create
378816925diagonala line segment joing two nonadjacent certices of a polygon or solid
378816926diffusion timethe time it takes for a material to spread from one are to another
378816927diligentcontinuously putting in a great effort
378816928diluteto weaken the strenght of the solution
378816929diminishto make smaller, decrease, or lessen
378816930pg. 539...
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Element Flashcards

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138976523AluminumSymbol: Al Atomic Number: 13 Transition Metal Most abundant metal in the earth's crust Silver-white in color Strong- doesn't rust Used in planes, cars, and cans Aluminum foil
138976524ArsenicSymbol: As Atomic Number: 33 Metalloid Poisonous Used in insecticides and pesticides
138976525CalciumSymbol: Ca Atomic Number: 20 Alkaline earth metal soft and reactive essential for a healthy diet for strong bones and teeth Used to make cement and moter calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium citrate- calcium dietary supplements
138976526CarbonSymbol: C Atomic Number: 6 Non-Metal is part of all living things we are carbon-based graphite, diamonds, and coal are made of carbon
138976527ChlorineSymbol: Cl Atomic Number:17 Halogen Greenish-yellow gas Used in bleach and Pools as a disinfectant Component of table salt- Sodium Chloride
139479848CopperSymbol: Cu Atomic Number: 29 transition metal reddish, lustrous metal easily bendable used in wiring, plumbing, and money
139479849FluorineSymbol: F Atomic Number: 9 Halogen Gaseous nonmetal Highly reactive Used in toothpaste (sodium fluoride) and mamicipal water supplies to prevent tooth decay
139479850GoldSymbol: Au Atomic Number: 79 Yellow metal Nonreactive, Ductile, and malleable Used in jewelry
139479851HeliumSymbol: He Atomic Number: 2 Noble gas Colorless, Nonreactive Gas Product of the fusion of hydrogen atoms Used in blimps and balloons
139479852HydrogenSymbol: H Atomic Number: 1 Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas Lightest and abundant element on earth Used to be used in blimps Major component of water Highly combustible 92% of the sun
139479853IodineSymbol: I Atomic Number: 53 Halogen Solid Purple-Black Non-Metal Alcohol+Iodine= skin disinfectant Put in table salt to prevent goiters
139974998IronSymbol: Fe Atomic Number: 26 Transition metal Magnetic used for structural support in manufacturing main ingredient in steel
139974999LeadSymbol: Pb Atomic Number: 82 transition metal soft, dense metal used in batteries and bullets Toxic- paint, gasoline, plumbing
139975000MagnesiumSymbol: Mg Atomic Number: 12 Alkaile earth metal Reactive, silver metal used in milk of mag, Epsom salt, and fireworks
139975001MercurySymbol: Hg Atomic Number: 80 Transition metal Toxic, heavy metal "Quicksilver" b/c liquid at room temperature Used to be in thermometers
139975002NeonSymbol: Ne Atomic Number: 10 Noble gas Unreactive Burns Bright Reddish Orange Used in lights
139975003NickelSymbol: Ni Atomic Number: 28 Transition metal used in Alloys Used in money
139975004NitrogenSymbol: N Atomic Number: 7 Gaseous non-metal 78% of the earth's atmosphere Used in fertilizers- anhydrous ammonia and explosives- nitroglycerin
139975005OxygenSymbol: O Atomic Number: 8 Gaseous non-metal 21% of the earth's atmosphere Component of water Responsible for the bright red and yellow-green colors of the auroras
139975006PhosphorusSymbol: P Atomic Number: 15 Non- metal Never found in a free state Essential component in cell Used in fertilizers and soaps
139975007PotassiumSymbol: K Atomic Number: 19 Alkali metal Highly reactive metal Low Density Found in Fertilizers Obtained from bananas
139975008RadonSymbol: Rn Atomic Number: 86 Colorless, Orderless, Tasteless Noble Gas Health Risk if too much is inhaled - lung cancer radon detectors- highest
139975009SiliconSymbol: Si Atomic Number: 14 Most famous metalloid 2nd most abundant element in the earth's crust Makes up sand and quartz Used to make computer chips and abrasives
139975010SilverSymbol: Ag Atomic Number: 47 Transition metal best conductor of heat and electricity Vary rare Used in jewelry, money, and decorative items
139975011SulfurSymbol: S Atomic Number: 16 Yellow non- metal Acid rain Used to make match tips and gun powder Smells like rotten eggs
139975012SodiumSymbol: Na Atomic Number: 11 Alkali metal Highly reactive Rarely found as a pure element Table salt and baking soda
141352186TinSymbol: Sn Atomic Number: 50 Transition metal Used to make alloys Tin+Copper=Bronze Tin+Lead=Pewter
141352187TitaniumSymbol: Ti Atomic Number: 22 Transition metal Used in the medical field-plates and screws Present in Meteorites Strong a steel, but 45% lighter
141352188UraniumSymbol: U Atomic Number: 92 Transition metal Silver-White Radioactive Used as a fuel in nuclear power plants & atomic warhead
141352189ZincSymbol: Zn Atomic Number: 30 Transition metal Zinc+Copper=Brass
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AP US - American History: A Survey - Chapter 7 Terms Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
242148498"crusade against ignorance"National call for creation of public schools; led by Thomas Jefferson; Republicans; all white males; resulted in the creation of private academies for the wealthy, but little existed to aid the masses0
242148499Phillips Academyestablished in Andover, Massachusetts in 1778; by 1815, 30 academies in Mass., 37 in NY and 30+ throughout the rest of the country1
242148500Judith Sargent Murraywrote an essay in 1784 on the rights of women to education; but had little effect; she died in 18202
242148501Benjamin Rushfounded the UPenn medical school (first in America) in the early nineteenth century; advocate of bleeding and purging;3
242148502"bleeding and purging"belief that infection or illness could be eliminated through the reduction of bad blood in the body; many people bled out by doctors, and died due to weakness; George Washington died after bleeding and purging due to a throat infection4
242148503Jedidiah Morsewrote the first look at American geography, "Geography Made Easy" in 17845
242148504Noah Websterwrote the American Spelling Book in 1783; later known as the "Blue-Backed Speller"; sold 100 million copies; alseo wrote a dictionary in 1806 and American Dictionary of the English Language in 18286
242148505"blue-backed speller"a simplified and Americanized system of spelling, "The American Spelling Book"; written by Noah Webster; the top-selling book in the history of American publishing, next to the Bible, with over 100 million copies sold;7
242148506Joel Barlowmember of a CT group of writers known as the "Hartford Wits". Published the epic poem, the Columbiad, in 1807; conveyed the special character of the American civilization;8
242148507"Hartford Wits"Group of CT writers; Joel Barlow, a member9
242148508The ColumbiadEpic poem written by Joel Barlow to convey the special character of the American Civilization10
242148509Charles Brockden Brownfrom Philadelphia; wrote numerous novels; emphasized horror and deviant behavior; looked upon as shocking during his own lifetime; wanted to convey the "soaring passions and intellectual energy" of the new nation.11
242148510Washington IrvingNY; all of his books dealt with American life; most famous characters were Rip Van Winkle and Ichabod Crane; most widely acknowledged, and is considered the first truely notable American author12
242148511Mercy Otis Warrenwrote " History of the Revolution" in 1805, which emphasized the heroism of the American struggle; however, it was relatively inaccurate13
242148512Mason Weems...14
242148513deism...15
242148514Universalist church...16
242148515James Murray...17
242148516Second Great Awakening...18
242148517Cane Ridge...19
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