AP Literature Terms Glossary Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 9880181052 | Abstract | This style is complex, discusses intangible qualities (like good and evil), rarely without examples | 0 | |
| 9880186911 | Academic | Dry and theoretical writing (sucking all life out of the subject) | 1 | |
| 9880195398 | Accent | The stresses portion of the word ("To BE or NOT to be"). | 2 | |
| 9880201989 | Aesthetic | "Appealing to the senses" or a coherent sense of taste | 3 | |
| 9880210313 | Alleglory | Things or people that represent an idea or generalization | 4 | |
| 9880221223 | Alliteration | The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words (Ex. ―Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before) | 5 | |
| 9880235067 | Allusion | A reference to a person, event, place, or literary work that the writer expects the reader to recognize | 6 | |
| 9880247372 | Anachronism | An effect that is "misplaced in time" | 7 | |
| 9880257184 | Analogy | A comparison, usually involving two or more symbolic parts to clarify an action or relationship | 8 | |
| 9880269929 | Anecdote | A short narrative | 9 | |
| 9880269931 | Antagonist | A character, group, characteristic, or entity that opposes the protagonist | 10 | |
| 9880277696 | Antecedent | Word, phrase, or clause that a pronoun refers to or replaces (they replaces children) | 11 | |
| 9880287287 | Anapest | As in "un-der-stand" | 12 | |
| 9880297367 | Anthropomorphism | When inanimate objects, animals, or natural phenomena are given human characteristics, behavior, or motivation | 13 | |
| 9880307688 | Anticlimax | Occurs when an action produces far smaller results that one had been led to expect (frequently comic) | 14 | |
| 9880314624 | Aphorism | A short and usually witty saying (usually some clever observation about life) | 15 | |
| 9880324629 | APOSTROPHE | An address to someone not present or to a personified object/idea (or an abstract quality or something that can not be seen or heard) | 16 | |
| 9880338042 | Approximate Rhyme | The words are similar, but do not exactly rhyme | 17 | |
| 9880349606 | Archaism | The use of deliberately old-fashioned language (Ye olde candle shoppe) | 18 | |
| 9880354269 | Archetypes | Standard or cliched character types (drunk, joker, etc) | 19 | |
| 9880359083 | Aside | A speech made by the actor to the audience (stepping outside of the action) | 20 | |
| 9880370506 | Aspect | A trait or characteristic of something | 21 | |
| 9880373190 | Assonance | The repeated use of vowel sounds (Old King Cole was a merry old soul) | 22 | |
| 9880379128 | Atmosphere | The emotional tone or background that surrounds a scene | 23 | |
| 9880383677 | Attitude | A speaker, author, or character's nature towards an opinion of a subject/person | 24 | |
| 9880390093 | Ballad | Long, narrative poem usually in a very regular meter and rhyme (usually meant to be sung) | 25 | |
| 9880405688 | Basic Situation | A character in a situation that leads to a problem or conflict | 26 | |
| 9880413900 | Bathos | When writing strains for grandeur it can't support and tries to elicit tears from every little hiccup | 27 | |
| 9880419083 | Black humor | The use of disturbing themes in comedy | 28 | |
| 9880422209 | Blank Verse | Iambic petrimeter unrhymed (Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams.) | 29 | |
| 9880433734 | Bombast | Pretentious, exaggeratedly learned language (eloquent) | 30 | |
| 9880441177 | Burlesque | A broad parody, which takes a style or form and exaggerates it into riduclousness | 31 | |
| 9884004683 | Cacophony | Using deliberately harsh, awkward sounds | 32 | |
| 9884007947 | Cadence | The beat or rhythm of poetry in a general sense | 33 | |
| 9884012002 | Caesura | A break or a pause in a line of poetry that contributes to the rhythm of the poem | 34 | |
| 9884024515 | Canto | The name for a section division in a long work of poetry (similar to how chapter divide a novel) | 35 | |
| 9884029182 | CARICATURE | A portrait that exagerates a side of personality | 36 | |
| 9884038751 | Catharsis | The "cleansing" of emotion an audience member experiences having lived through the experiences presented on stage | 37 | |
| 9884045909 | Characterization | The means by which a writer reveals a character's personality | 38 | |
| 9884054301 | Chorus | The group of citizens who stand outside the main action on stage and comment on it | 39 | |
| 9884060116 | Classic/Classical | Typical/The arts of Ancient Greece and Rome, with the quality of those arts | 40 | |
| 9884077592 | Climax | The most intense moment or moments | 41 | |
| 9884082937 | Coinage | A new word, usually one invented on the spot | 42 | |
| 9884087187 | Colloquialism | Word or phrase used in everyday conversational English that isn't a part of accepted "schoolwork" English | 43 | |
| 9884094340 | Complex/Dense | Suggesting that there is more than one possibility in the meaning of words (multiple layers of interpretation) | 44 | |
| 9884107816 | Complications | More problems arise to make a situation worse | 45 | |
| 9884119200 | Conceit | A startiling or unusual metaphor, or one developed and expanded upon several lines | 46 | |
| 9884129122 | Conflict | A struggle between two opposing forces or characters in a work of nature | 47 | |
| 9884156426 | Connotation | Everything that a word suggests or implies (not it's literal meaning - denotation) | 48 | |
| 9884164859 | Consonane | The repetition of consonant sounds within words (A flock of sick, black-checkered ducks) | 49 | |
| 9884171921 | COUPLET | A pair of lines that end in a rhyme (For thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings That then I scorn to change my state with Kings.) | 50 | |
| 9884176932 | Dactyl | "Des-per-ate" | 51 | |
| 9884182970 | Decorum | To observe, a character's speech must be styled according to her social station and in accordance with the occasion | 52 | |
| 9884193797 | Denouement | The outcome of the plot (when conflicts are resolved) | 53 | |
| 9884199763 | Details | The items or parts that make up a larger picture or story | 54 | |
| 9884208666 | Devices of Sound | Various techniques used by poets to create sound imagery through specific word choice (ex. rhyme, assonance, etc.) | 55 | |
| 9884216221 | Diction | Word Choice | 56 | |
| 9884223077 | Dimeter | Two feet | 57 | |
| 9884229554 | Direct Characteriation | Exactly what the character is like, as described by the writer | 58 | |
| 9884239400 | Direct Metaphor | Tells directly, "I am..." | 59 | |
| 9884241458 | Dirge | A song for the dead (slow and heavy tone) | 60 | |
| 9884247729 | Dissonance | The grating of incompatible sounds | 61 | |
| 9884249641 | Doggerel | Crude, simplistic verse, often in sing-song rhyme | 62 | |
| 9884252626 | DRAMATIC IRONY | What we know is going to happen, but the characters do not | 63 | |
| 9884257724 | Dramatic Monologue | When a single speaker in literature says something to a silent audience | 64 | |
| 9884265771 | Dynamic Character | Someone who changes throughout the course of the story | 65 | |
| 9884267916 | Dystopia | A seemingly ideal world where the actual implementation of perfection is unsuccessful and destructive | 66 | |
| 9884279045 | Elegy | A type of poem that meditates on death or morality in a serious, thoughtful manner | 67 | |
| 9884287754 | Elements | The basic techniques of each genre of literature | 68 | |
| 9884295588 | End-Stopped Lines | Lines in a poem with punctuation at the end | 69 | |
| 9884298273 | End Rhyme | Ends of lines that rhyme | 70 | |
| 9884316035 | Enjambment | The continuation of a syntactic unit from one line or couplet of a poem to the next with no pause | 71 | |
| 9884326253 | Epic | A long narrative poem about a hero | 72 | |
| 9884329313 | Epigram | A short, witty, polished saying in prose or verse | 73 | |
| 9884378753 | Epitah | Lines that commemorate the dead at their burial place | 74 | |
| 9884385147 | Epithet | A descriptive name or phrase to characterize someone or something | 75 | |
| 9884389908 | Ethos | The appeal to credibility (establishing trust with the audience) | 76 | |
| 9884396974 | Euphemism | A word or phrase that takes the place of a harsh, unpleasant, or impolite reality | 77 | |
| 9884403003 | Euphony | When sounds blend harmoniously | 78 | |
| 9884406551 | Exact Rhyme | Always rhyme (yellow fellow) | 79 | |
| 9887250775 | Explicit | Something said or written directly and clearly | 80 | |
| 9887253382 | Farce | To refer to extremely broad humor (ex. a funny play) | 81 | |
| 9887261094 | Feminine Rhyme | Lines rhymed by their final two syllables (ex. running and gunning) | 82 | |
| 9887268015 | Figurative Language | Writing that uses words to mean something other than their literal meaning | 83 | |
| 9887272988 | Foil | Secondary character whose purpose is to highlight the characteristics of a main character (usually by contrast) | 84 | |
| 9887285607 | Foot | The basic rhythmic unit of a line of poetry (a combination of two/three syllables) | 85 | |
| 9887293066 | FORESHADOWING | An event or statement in a narrative that suggests a larger event that comes later | 86 | |
| 9887297472 | Free Verse | Poetry written without a regular rhyme scheme or metrical pattern | 87 | |
| 9887301922 | Genre | A subcategory of literature (ex. Science Fiction) | 88 | |
| 9887304347 | Gothic | Sensibility derived from dark novels | 89 | |
| 9887306825 | Hubris | Excessive pride or ambition that leads to the main character's downfall | 90 | |
| 9887312751 | HYPERBOLE | Exaggeration or deliberate overstatement | 91 | |
| 9887321346 | Imagery | An author's use of figurative language, images, or sensory details that appeal to the reader's senses | 92 | |
| 9887325411 | Implicit | Something said or written that suggests and implies but never says it directly or clearly | 93 | |
| 9887329783 | In Medias res | "In the midst of things" | 94 | |
| 9887332944 | Inversion | Switching the customary order of elements in a sentence or phrase | 95 | |
| 9887336630 | Irony | A contradiction, either situational, dramatic, or verbal | 96 | |
| 9887342987 | Juxtaposition | Placing two or more concepts, places, or characters together for the purpose of comparison or contrast | 97 | |
| 9887349142 | Lament | A poem of sadness or grief over the death of a loved one or over another intense loss | 98 | |
| 9887354400 | Logos | The appeal to logic | 99 | |
| 9887358624 | Loose/Periodic sentences | Complete before its end/not grammatically complete until it has reached its final phrase | 100 | |
| 9887365326 | Lyric | Type of poetry that explores the poet's personal interpretation of and feelings about the world | 101 | |
| 9887371869 | Masculine Rhyme | A rhyme ending on the final stressed syllable | 102 | |
| 9887393681 | Metonym | A word that is used to stand for something else that is has attributes of or is associated with | 103 | |
| 9887389317 | METAPHOR | A comparison between two relatively unlike ideas where you call one thing something it's not | 104 | |
| 9887398053 | Monologue | A speech given by one character alone on stage | 105 | |
| 9887400564 | Motif | A recurring symbol | 106 | |
| 9887402893 | Narrative Techniques | The methods employed in the telling of a story or an account | 107 | |
| 9887405698 | OBJECTIVITY | An impersonal or outside view of events | 108 | |
| 9887409963 | Onomatopeia | Words that imitate sounds (boom, pow, buzz) | 109 | |
| 9887433781 | OPPOSITION | Where you have a pair of elements that contrast sharply | 110 | |
| 9887438414 | Oxymoron | A phrase comprised of opposites (a contradiction - Bright Black) | 111 | |
| 9887442083 | Parable | A story that instructs | 112 | |
| 9887444102 | PARADOX | A situation or statement that seems to contradict itself, but really does not | 113 | |
| 9887449556 | Parallelism | Repeated syntactical similarities used for effect (I love swimming, fishing, and hiking, not: I love fishing, to swim, and a hike) | 114 | |
| 9887461248 | Paraphrase | To restate phrases and sentences in your own words (To rephrase) | 115 | |
| 9887374652 | Means | Discovering what makes sense, what's important | 116 | |
| 9887377362 | Melodrama | A form of cheesy theater in which the hero is very, very good, the villain mean and rotten, and the heroine oh-so-pure | 117 | |
| 9887468991 | Parenthetical Phrase | A phrase set off by commas that interrupts the flow of a sentence with some commentary or added detail | 118 | |
| 9887475557 | Parody | A work that makes fun of another work by exaggerating many of its qualities to ridiculousness | 119 | |
| 9887479982 | Pastoral | A poem set in tranquil nature | 120 | |
| 9887482492 | Pathos | The appeal to emotions | 121 | |
| 9887486195 | Persona | A created personality, reflective of the author (provides insight from a third person point of view) | 122 | |
| 9887491795 | PERSONIFICATION | Giving an inanimate object human qualities or form | 123 | |
| 9887497035 | Plaint | A poem or speech expressing sorrow | 124 | |
| 9887499065 | Point of View | Perspective from which the action of a novel is presented (Third person/First person/Stream of Consciousness) | 125 | |
| 9887510954 | Prelude | An introductory poem to a longer work of verse | 126 | |
| 9887512957 | PROTAGONIST | The main character of a novel or play | 127 | |
| 9887516248 | Pun | The usually humorous use of a word in such a way to suggest two or more meanings | 128 | |
| 9887520784 | Refrain | A line or set of lines repeated several times over the course of a poem | 129 | |
| 9887523766 | Requiem | A song of prayer for the dead | 130 | |
| 9887525883 | Rhapsody | An intensely passionate verse or section of verse (usually of love or praise) | 131 | |
| 9887528225 | Rhetorical Question | A question that suggests an answer | 132 | |
| 9887530996 | Rhetorical Techniques | The devices used to create effective or persuasive language (contrast, repetition, paradox) | 133 | |
| 9887536358 | SATIRE | A form of humor that focuses on making fun of society through witty or dark social commentary | 134 | |
| 9887542042 | Setting | The physical location of the play/novel, which often includes info about the time and place | 135 | |
| 9887546974 | SIMILE | A comparison between two relatively unlike ideas, using like or as (Her hair is as bright as the sun) | 136 | |
| 9887556350 | Soliloquy | A speech given by one character alone on stage where he/she expresses his/her thoughts or feelings | 137 | |
| 9887560316 | STANZA | A group of lines in verse, roughly analogous in function to the paragraph in prose | 138 | |
| 9887568323 | Structure | The way in which a work is arranged or divided | 139 | |
| 9887570354 | Style | The manner in which an author writes which can distinguish him or her from another writer | 140 | |
| 9887574267 | SUBJECTIVE | Uses the interior or personal view of a single observer and is colored with his/her emotional responses | 141 | |
| 9887579279 | Subjunctive Mood | "If I were you, I'd learn this one!" | 142 | |
| 9887584351 | Suggest | To imply, entail, and/or indicate | 143 | |
| 9887586178 | Summary | A simple retelling of what you've just read | 144 | |
| 9887589244 | Suspension of disbelief | The demand made of a theater audience to accept the limitations of staging and supply the details with imagination | 145 | |
| 9887592558 | Symbol | Anything that stands for or represents something beyond itself | 146 | |
| 9887599876 | Syncope | Contracting/Shortening a word by removing internal sounds, syllables, or letters (heav'n or fail'd) | 147 | |
| 9887605255 | Synecdoche | Figure of speech in which a part represents the whole | 148 | |
| 9887609464 | Syntax | Sentence structure; the way in which words and phrases are structured to create meaning | 149 | |
| 9887613172 | Technique | The methods/tools/ways of the author | 150 | |
| 9887616001 | THEME | The main idea of central insight into life or human nature revealed through a literary work | 151 | |
| 9887620574 | Thesis | The main position of an argument | 152 | |
| 9887620576 | Tone | The manner in which an author expresses his or her attitude about a subject | 153 | |
| 9887626860 | Tragic flaw | The weakness of character in an otherwise good individual, that ultimately leads to his demise | 154 | |
| 9887632636 | Travesty | The distortion, corruption, or terribly false representation of something | 155 | |
| 9887636238 | Truism | A way-too-obvious truth | 156 | |
| 9887638999 | Utopia | An idealized place (where people can live in happiness and peace) | 157 | |
| 9887642943 | Verisimilitiude | The appearance of being real or true | 158 | |
| 9887644926 | Zeugma | The use of a word to modify two or more words but used for different meanings | 159 | |
| 9887668758 | Exposition | The kind of writing intended primarily to present information | 160 | |
| 9887675242 | Fable | A brief story that is told to present a moral or a practical lesson | 161 | |
| 9887678649 | Flat Character | Character that can be described in one sentence | 162 | |
| 9887682044 | Heptameter | Meter with seven feet | 163 | |
| 9887686127 | Litote | Form of understandment | 164 | |
| 9887690255 | Octave | Eight-line poem or stanza | 165 | |
| 9887696262 | Static Character | Stays the same at the end and the beginning of the story | 166 |
Flashcards
AP World History Islam Flashcards
The Post-Classical World, 500-1450
Terms : Hide Images
| 12235577638 | Bedouin | nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats | 0 | |
| 12235577639 | Mecca | Arabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam | 1 | |
| 12235577640 | Medina | town northeast of Mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences; Muhammad's flight to Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendar | 2 | |
| 12235577641 | Umayyad | clan of the Quraysh that dominated Mecca; later an Islamic dynasty | 3 | |
| 12235577642 | Muhammad | (570-632); prophet of Allah; originally a merchant of the Quraysh | 4 | |
| 12235577643 | Qur'an | the word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of Islam | 5 | |
| 12235577644 | Umma | community of the faithful within Islam | 6 | |
| 12235577645 | Five Pillars | the obligatory religious duties for all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) | 7 | |
| 12235577646 | Caliph | the successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic community | 8 | |
| 12235577647 | Ali | cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for the development of shi'ism | 9 | |
| 12235577648 | Abu Bakr | succeeded Muhammad as the first caliph | 10 | |
| 12235577649 | Jihad | Islamic holy war | 11 | |
| 12235577650 | Sunnis | followers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads | 12 | |
| 12235577651 | Shi'a | followers of Ali's interpretation of Islam | 13 | |
| 12235577652 | Mawali | non-Arab converts to Islam | 14 | |
| 12235577653 | Dhimmis | "the people of the book"-- Jews, Christians; later extended to Zoroastrians and Hindus | 15 | |
| 12235577654 | Abbasids | dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750; their capital was at Baghdad | 16 | |
| 12235577655 | Hadiths | "traditions" of the prophet Muhammad; added to the Qur'an, form the essential writings of Islam | 17 | |
| 12235577656 | Wazir | chief administrative official under the Abbasids | 18 | |
| 12235577657 | Dhows | Arab sailing vessels; equipped with lateen sails; used by Arab merchants | 19 | |
| 12235577658 | Seljuk Turks | nomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunnis; ruled from the 11th c. in the name of the Abbasids | 20 | |
| 12235577659 | Crusades | invasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 1291 | 21 | |
| 12235577660 | Ulama | Islamic religious scholars; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; opposed to non-Islamic thinking | 22 | |
| 12235577661 | Sufis | Islamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions | 23 | |
| 12235577662 | Mongols | central Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph | 24 | |
| 12235577663 | Chinggis Khan | (1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms | 25 | |
| 12235577664 | Mamluks | Rulers of Egypt; descended from Turkish slaves | 26 | |
| 12235577665 | Arabic numerals | Indian numerical notation brought by the Arabs to the West | 27 | |
| 12235577666 | Shrivijaya | trading empire based on the Malacca straits; its Buddhist government resisted Muslim missionaries; when it fell, southeastern Asia was opened to Islam | 28 | |
| 12235577667 | Malacca | flourishing trading city in Malaya; established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya | 29 | |
| 12235577668 | Mali | state of the Malinke people centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers | 30 | |
| 12235577669 | Mansa | title of the ruler of Mali | 31 | |
| 12235577670 | Ibn Battuta | Arab traveler throughout the Muslim world | 32 | |
| 12235577671 | Sundiata | created a unified state that became the Mali empire; died in 1260 | 33 | |
| 12235577672 | Songhay | successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao | 34 | |
| 12235577673 | East African trading ports | urbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures; included Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwas, Pate, and Zanzibar | 35 | |
| 12235577674 | Great Zimbabwe | with massive stone buildings and walls, incorporates the greatest early buildings in sub-Saharan Africa | 36 | |
| 12235577675 | Greek Fire | Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water; used to drive back the Arab fleets attacking Constantinople | 37 | |
| 12235577676 | Icons | images of religious figures venerated by Byzantine Christians | 38 | |
| 12235577677 | Iconoclasm | the breaking of images; religious controversy of the 8th c; Byzantine emperor attempted, but failed, to suppress icon veneration | 39 | |
| 12235577678 | Manzikert | Seljuk Turk victory in 1071 over Byzantium; resulted in loss of the empire's rich Anatolian territory | 40 | |
| 12235577679 | Cyril and Methodius | Byzantine missionaries sent to convert eastern Europe and Balkans; responsible for creation of Slavic written script called Cyrillic | 41 | |
| 12235577680 | Kiev | commercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavians in 9th c; became the center for a kingdom that flourished until 12th c | 42 | |
| 12235577681 | Rurik | legendary Scandinavian, regarded as founder of Kievan Rus' in 855 | 43 | |
| 12235577682 | Vladmir I | ruler of Kiev (980-1015); converted kingdom to Orthodox Christianity | 44 | |
| 12235577683 | Russian Orthodoxy | Russian form of Christianity brought from Byzantine Empire | 45 | |
| 12235577684 | Tatars | Mongols who conquered Russian cities during the 13th c; left Russian church and aristocracy intact | 46 | |
| 12235577685 | Middle Ages | the period in western European history between the fall of Roman Empire and the 15th c | 47 | |
| 12235577686 | Gothic | an architectural style developed during the 13th and 14th c in western Europe; featured pointed arches and flying buttresses as external support on main walls | 48 | |
| 12235577687 | Vikings | seagoing Scandinavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of Europe from the 8th to 11th c; pushed across the Atlantic to Iceland, Greenland, and North America; formed permanent territories in Normandy and Sicily | 49 | |
| 12235577688 | Manorialism | rural system of reciprocal relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; peasants exchanged labor for use of land and protection | 50 | |
| 12235577689 | Serfs | peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system | 51 | |
| 12235577690 | Three-field system | practice of dividing land into thirds, rotating between two different crops and pasturage-- an improvement making use of manure | 52 | |
| 12235577691 | Clovis | King of the Franks; converted to Christianity circa 496 | 53 | |
| 12235577692 | Carolingians | royal house of Franks from 8th c to 10th c | 54 | |
| 12235577693 | Charles Martel | first Carolingian king of the Franks; defeated Muslims at Tours in 732 | 55 | |
| 12235577694 | Charlemagne | Carolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany circa 800 | 56 | |
| 12235577695 | Holy Roman Emperors | political heirs to Charlemagne's empire in northern Italy and Germany; claimed title of emperor but failed to develop centralized monarchy | 57 | |
| 12235577696 | Feudalism | personal relationship during the Middle Ages by which greater lords provided land to lesser lords in return for military service | 58 | |
| 12235577697 | Vassals | members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty | 59 | |
| 12235577698 | William the Conqueror | invaded England from Normandy in 1066; established tight feudal system and centralized monarchy in England | 60 | |
| 12235577699 | Magna Carta | Great charter issued by King John of England in 1215; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy, and the supremacy of law | 61 | |
| 12235577700 | Parliaments | bodies representing privileged groups; institutionalized the principle that kings ruled with the advice and consent of their subjects | 62 | |
| 12235577701 | Hundred Years War | conflict between England and France over territory (1337-1453) Established a since of Nationalism with each country. Joan of Arc united the French and promoted French patriotism. | 63 | |
| 12235577702 | Pope Urban II | organized the first Crusade in 1095; appealed to Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim control | 64 | |
| 12235577703 | Investiture | the practice of appointment of bishops; Pope Gregory attempted to stop lay investiture, leading to a conflict with the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV | 65 | |
| 12235577704 | Gregory VII | 11th c pope who attempted to free church from secular control; quarreled with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over practice of lay investiture of bishops | 66 | |
| 12235577705 | Thomas Aquinas | creator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning; taught at University of Paris; author of Summas; believed that through reason it was possible to know much about natural order, moral law, and nature of God | 67 | |
| 12235577706 | Scholasticism | dominant medieval philosophical approach; so-called because of its base in the schools or universities; based on use of logic to resolve theological problems | 68 | |
| 12235577707 | Hanseatic League | an organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance | 69 | |
| 12235577708 | Guilds | associations of workers in the same occupation in a single city; stressed security and mutual control; limited membership, regulated apprenticeships, guaranteed good workmanship; held a privileged place in cities | 70 | |
| 12235577709 | Black Death | bubonic plague that struck Europe in the 14th c; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure; decimated populations in Asia | 71 | |
| 12235577710 | Period of the Six Dynasties | era of continuous warfare (220-589) among the many kingdoms that followed the fall of the Han | 72 | |
| 12235577711 | Jinshi | title given students who passed the most difficult examinations; became eligible for high office | 73 | |
| 12235577712 | Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism | emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses in East Asia | 74 | |
| 12235577713 | Wuzong | Tang emperor (841-847); persecuted Buddhist monasteries and reduced influence of Buddhism in favor of Confucianism | 75 | |
| 12235577714 | Southern Song | smaller surviving dynasty (1127-1279); presided over one of the greatest cultural reigns in world history. Fell to the Mongols in 1276 and eventually taken over in 1279. | 76 | |
| 12235577715 | Grand Canal | great canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin | 77 | |
| 12235577716 | Junks | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula | 78 | |
| 12235577717 | Flying money | Chinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; an early form of currency | 79 | |
| 12235577718 | Footbinding | male imposed practice to mutilate women's feet in order to reduce size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household; seen a beautiful to the elite. | 80 | |
| 12235577719 | Taika reforms | attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army | 81 | |
| 12235577720 | Fujiwara | mid-9th c Japanese aristocratic family; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power | 82 | |
| 12235577721 | Bushi | regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies | 83 | |
| 12235577722 | Samurai | mounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor | 84 | |
| 12235577723 | Seppuku | ritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor | 85 | |
| 12235577724 | Gempei wars | Waged for 5 years from 1180-1185, on the island of Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in the destruction of Taira and also resulted in the feudal age | 86 | |
| 12235577725 | Bakufu | military government established by the Minamoto following Gempei wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai | 87 | |
| 12235577726 | Shoguns | military leaders of the bakufu | 88 | |
| 12235577727 | Daimyos | warlord rulers of small states following Onin war and disruption of Ashikaga shogunate; holding consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states | 89 | |
| 12235577728 | Sinification | extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions | 90 | |
| 12235577729 | Yi | dynasty (1392-1910); succeeded Koryo dynasty after Mongol invasions; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence | 91 | |
| 12235577730 | Trung Sisters | leaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 CE; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society | 92 | |
| 12235577731 | Khmers and Chams | Indianized Vietnamese peoples defeated by northern government at Hanoi | 93 | |
| 12235577732 | Nguyen | southern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that challenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi | 94 | |
| 12235577733 | Chinggis Khan | born in 1170s; elected supreme Mongol ruler (khagan) in 1206; began the Mongols rise to world power; died 1227 | 95 | |
| 12235577734 | Shamanistic religion | Mongol beliefs focused on nature spirits | 96 | |
| 12235577735 | Batu | grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Golden Horde; invaded Russian in 1236 | 97 | |
| 12235577736 | Golden Horde | one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russua during the 13th and 14th c | 98 | |
| 12235577737 | Ilkhan khanate | one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid empire | 99 | |
| 12235577738 | Hulegu | grandson of Chinggis Khan and rule of Ilkhan khanate; captured and destroyed Abbasid Baghdad | 100 | |
| 12235577739 | Mamluks | Muslim slave warriors; established dynasty in Egypt; led by Baibars defeated Mongols in 1260 | 101 | |
| 12235577740 | Kubilai Khan | grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271 | 102 | |
| 12235577741 | White Lotus Society | secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty | 103 | |
| 12235577742 | Ottoman Empire | Turkish empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending through the Middle East and the Balkans; conquered Constantinople in 1453 and ended Byzantine Empire | 104 | |
| 12235577743 | Ming Dynasty | replaced Mongal Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted large trade expeditions to southern Asia and Africa; later concentrated on internal development within China | 105 | |
| 12235577744 | Ethnocentrism | judging foreigners by the standards of one's own group; leads to problems in interpreting world history | 106 | |
| 12235577745 | Muhammad's primary historical achievement | spread of Islam | 107 | |
| 12235577759 | Silk Road Trade system |  | 108 | |
| 12235577760 | Kingdom of Mali |  | 109 | |
| 12235577746 | Inca and Rome both had | extensive road systems | 110 | |
| 12235577747 | Important continuity in social structure of states and empires 600-1450 | land holding aristocracies, patriarchies, peasant systems still in place | 111 | |
| 12235577748 | Champa Rice | tributary gift from Vietnam to China, led to population increase | 112 | |
| 12235577749 | Diasporic communities | merchant communities that introduced their own cultures into other areas | 113 | |
| 12235577750 | Trans Saharan trade | Dominated my Muslims in 13th century after rise of Islamic caliphates.. |  | 114 |
| 12235577751 | Effect of Muslim conquests | collapse of other empires, mass conversion | 115 | |
| 12235577752 | Tang Dynasty | followed Sui, established tributary states in Vietnam and Korea, influence Japan, Established strong Buddhist and Confucian presence | 116 | |
| 12235577753 | Black Death | plague that originated with Mongols, led to mass population decrease in Europe, later weakened faith in Christian church and increased the power of serfs/peasants. Led partly to fall of Feudal structures in Europe. |  | 117 |
| 12235577761 | Indian Ocean Maritime Trade |  | 118 | |
| 12235577754 | Cities that rose during this time due to increased trade | Novgorod, Constantinople, Timbuktu | 119 | |
| 12235577755 | Timbuktu | trade center of Mali, cosmopolitan city that saw the blending of many different cultures and people | 120 | |
| 12235577756 | New forms of monetization | Checks, Bills of Exchange | 121 | |
| 12235577762 | Bantu Migrations |  | 122 | |
| 12235577757 | footbinding | began during Tang/Song era, demonstrates objectification and oppression of women, abolished during Yuan and brought back during Ming |  | 123 |
| 12235577758 | Marco Polo | traveler/merchant from Europe who spend 17 years at court of Kublai Khan | 124 |
Flashcards
AP World History Religions Flashcards
apworld
Terms : Hide Images
| 11261970800 | Why did we develop belief systems? | Because humans have always needed to understand natural phenomenon. We want to explain the world around us. | 0 | |
| 11261970801 | Polytheism | Belief in many gods |  | 1 |
| 11261970802 | Monotheism | Belief in one God | 2 | |
| 11261970803 | Animism | -They practice nature worship -They believe that everything has a spirit -They communicated with and showed respect to ancestors. -It is practiced worldwide but mostly in Africa and the Americas. | 3 | |
| 11261970804 | Shinto | A Japanese religion whose followers believe that all things in the natural world are filled with divine spirits -"Way of the Gods" -Founded around the year 500 BCE -The Emperor of Japan was considered to be divine and a direct descendant of the Sun Goddess. | 4 | |
| 11261970805 | Hinduism | A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms. -Polytheistic -A result of cultural diffusion between the Aryans and other native people in India. -Practiced in India -The Vedas, Upanishads, etc.. were all significant writings. | 5 | |
| 11261970806 | Brahma | The term for the Supreme God and Universal Soul in Hinduism. | 6 | |
| 11261970807 | Reincarnation | In Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding Basically Samsara | 7 | |
| 11261970808 | Karma | (Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation (life) | 8 | |
| 11261970809 | Dharma | Fulfilling one's duty in life | 9 | |
| 11261970810 | Caste System | A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life | 10 | |
| 11261970811 | Judaism | -A religion with a belief in one god (Monotheistic) -It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. -Practiced worldwide but most Jews are in Israel. -They have 10 commandments | 11 | |
| 11261970812 | Buddhism | A religion founded in India by Siddhartha Gautama which teaches that the most important thing in life is to reach peace by ending suffering. | 12 | |
| 11261970813 | The Four Noble Truths | The core of the Buddhist teaching. There is suffering. There is a cause to suffering. There is an end to suffering. The is a path out of suffering (the Noble 8-fold path). 1. Life is full of pain and suffering 2. human desire causes this suffering 3. By putting an end to desire, humans can end suffering 4. Humans can end desire by following the Eightfold Path | 13 | |
| 11261970814 | The Eightfold Path | 1. Know that suffering is caused by desire 2. Be selfless and love all life 3. Do not lie, or speak without a cause 4. Do not kill, steal, or commit other unrighteous acts 5. Do not do things which promote evil 6. Take effort to promote righteousness 7. Be aware of your physical actions, state of mind, and emotions. 8. Learn to meditate. | 14 | |
| 11261970815 | Confucianism | A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct. | 15 | |
| 11261970816 | Five Relationships in Confucianism: | - Ruler to ruled - Father to Son - Older brother to Younger brother - Husband to Wife - Friend to Friend | 16 | |
| 11261970817 | Taoism or Daoism | an ideology whose central theme is the Way, a philosophy teaching that eternal happiness lies in total identification with nature and deploring passion, unnecessary invention; simple life of individuals -Ying and Yang is used to illustrate the natural harmony in the world. |  | 17 |
| 11261970818 | Christianity | A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior. -Also has the Ten Commandments -Believe in the Holy Trinity Christians take part in sacraments. | 18 | |
| 11261970819 | Islam | A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims. | 19 | |
| 11261970820 | The Five Pillars of Islam | 1. Confession of Faith 2. Prayer 3. Charity 4. Fasting 5. Pilgrimage | 20 | |
| 11261970821 | Zoroastrianism | - A dualistic faith, this means they believe in two gods representing good and evil -It was very important during the Sassanid Persian Dynasty. | 21 | |
| 11261970822 | Legalism | Chinese philosophy developed by Hanfeizi; taught that humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh laws | 22 |
Flashcards
AP Psych, Module 7 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7582679447 | descriptive statistic | numerically measures and describes characteristics of a group |  | 0 |
| 7582679448 | measure of central tendency | a single score that represents a whole set of scores; summarizes data |  | 1 |
| 7582679449 | mode | the frequency that occurs the most |  | 2 |
| 7582679450 | mean | the average of the scores |  | 3 |
| 7582679451 | median | the middle score |  | 4 |
| 7582679452 | skewed distribution | a representation of the scores that lack symmetry around average value |  | 5 |
| 7582679453 | range | the difference b/t the highest and lowest scores |  | 6 |
| 7582679454 | standard deviation | measures how score deviate from one another; makes the mean meaningful | 7 | |
| 7582679455 | normal curve | symmetrical, bell shaped curve that describes distribution of many types of data |  | 8 |
| 7582679456 | inferential data | numerical data that allows one to generalize | 9 | |
| 7582679457 | statistical significance | statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance |  | 10 |
| 7582679458 | what does it mean when something is statistically significant? | it means that the results did not occur by chance | 11 | |
| 7582679459 | name research methods that generate descriptive statistics | case studies, natural observation, survey w/o random sampling | 12 | |
| 7582679460 | name research methods that generate inferential statistics | experiments, surveys with random sampling | 13 | |
| 7582679461 | small statistical deviation | scores are closer together | 14 | |
| 7582679462 | large statistical deviation | scores are further apart | 15 |
AP World History Islam Flashcards
The Post-Classical World, 500-1450
Terms : Hide Images
| 11417302620 | Bedouin | nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats | 0 | |
| 11417302621 | Mecca | Arabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam | 1 | |
| 11417302622 | Medina | town northeast of Mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences; Muhammad's flight to Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendar | 2 | |
| 11417302623 | Umayyad | clan of the Quraysh that dominated Mecca; later an Islamic dynasty | 3 | |
| 11417302624 | Muhammad | (570-632); prophet of Allah; originally a merchant of the Quraysh | 4 | |
| 11417302625 | Qur'an | the word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of Islam | 5 | |
| 11417302626 | Umma | community of the faithful within Islam | 6 | |
| 11417302627 | Five Pillars | the obligatory religious duties for all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) | 7 | |
| 11417302628 | Caliph | the successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic community | 8 | |
| 11417302629 | Ali | cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for the development of shi'ism | 9 | |
| 11417302630 | Abu Bakr | succeeded Muhammad as the first caliph | 10 | |
| 11417302631 | Jihad | Islamic holy war | 11 | |
| 11417302632 | Sunnis | followers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads | 12 | |
| 11417302633 | Shi'a | followers of Ali's interpretation of Islam | 13 | |
| 11417302634 | Mawali | non-Arab converts to Islam | 14 | |
| 11417302635 | Dhimmis | "the people of the book"-- Jews, Christians; later extended to Zoroastrians and Hindus | 15 | |
| 11417302636 | Abbasids | dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750; their capital was at Baghdad | 16 | |
| 11417302637 | Hadiths | "traditions" of the prophet Muhammad; added to the Qur'an, form the essential writings of Islam | 17 | |
| 11417302638 | Wazir | chief administrative official under the Abbasids | 18 | |
| 11417302639 | Dhows | Arab sailing vessels; equipped with lateen sails; used by Arab merchants | 19 | |
| 11417302640 | Seljuk Turks | nomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunnis; ruled from the 11th c. in the name of the Abbasids | 20 | |
| 11417302641 | Crusades | invasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 1291 | 21 | |
| 11417302642 | Ulama | Islamic religious scholars; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; opposed to non-Islamic thinking | 22 | |
| 11417302643 | Sufis | Islamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions | 23 | |
| 11417302644 | Mongols | central Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph | 24 | |
| 11417302645 | Chinggis Khan | (1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms | 25 | |
| 11417302646 | Mamluks | Rulers of Egypt; descended from Turkish slaves | 26 | |
| 11417302647 | Arabic numerals | Indian numerical notation brought by the Arabs to the West | 27 | |
| 11417302648 | Shrivijaya | trading empire based on the Malacca straits; its Buddhist government resisted Muslim missionaries; when it fell, southeastern Asia was opened to Islam | 28 | |
| 11417302649 | Malacca | flourishing trading city in Malaya; established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya | 29 | |
| 11417302650 | Mali | state of the Malinke people centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers | 30 | |
| 11417302651 | Mansa | title of the ruler of Mali | 31 | |
| 11417302652 | Ibn Battuta | Arab traveler throughout the Muslim world | 32 | |
| 11417302653 | Sundiata | created a unified state that became the Mali empire; died in 1260 | 33 | |
| 11417302654 | Songhay | successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao | 34 | |
| 11417302655 | East African trading ports | urbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures; included Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwas, Pate, and Zanzibar | 35 | |
| 11417302656 | Great Zimbabwe | with massive stone buildings and walls, incorporates the greatest early buildings in sub-Saharan Africa | 36 | |
| 11417302657 | Greek Fire | Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water; used to drive back the Arab fleets attacking Constantinople | 37 | |
| 11417302658 | Icons | images of religious figures venerated by Byzantine Christians | 38 | |
| 11417302659 | Iconoclasm | the breaking of images; religious controversy of the 8th c; Byzantine emperor attempted, but failed, to suppress icon veneration | 39 | |
| 11417302660 | Manzikert | Seljuk Turk victory in 1071 over Byzantium; resulted in loss of the empire's rich Anatolian territory | 40 | |
| 11417302661 | Cyril and Methodius | Byzantine missionaries sent to convert eastern Europe and Balkans; responsible for creation of Slavic written script called Cyrillic | 41 | |
| 11417302662 | Kiev | commercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavians in 9th c; became the center for a kingdom that flourished until 12th c | 42 | |
| 11417302663 | Rurik | legendary Scandinavian, regarded as founder of Kievan Rus' in 855 | 43 | |
| 11417302664 | Vladmir I | ruler of Kiev (980-1015); converted kingdom to Orthodox Christianity | 44 | |
| 11417302665 | Russian Orthodoxy | Russian form of Christianity brought from Byzantine Empire | 45 | |
| 11417302666 | Tatars | Mongols who conquered Russian cities during the 13th c; left Russian church and aristocracy intact | 46 | |
| 11417302667 | Middle Ages | the period in western European history between the fall of Roman Empire and the 15th c | 47 | |
| 11417302668 | Gothic | an architectural style developed during the 13th and 14th c in western Europe; featured pointed arches and flying buttresses as external support on main walls | 48 | |
| 11417302669 | Vikings | seagoing Scandinavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of Europe from the 8th to 11th c; pushed across the Atlantic to Iceland, Greenland, and North America; formed permanent territories in Normandy and Sicily | 49 | |
| 11417302670 | Manorialism | rural system of reciprocal relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; peasants exchanged labor for use of land and protection | 50 | |
| 11417302671 | Serfs | peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system | 51 | |
| 11417302672 | Three-field system | practice of dividing land into thirds, rotating between two different crops and pasturage-- an improvement making use of manure | 52 | |
| 11417302673 | Clovis | King of the Franks; converted to Christianity circa 496 | 53 | |
| 11417302674 | Carolingians | royal house of Franks from 8th c to 10th c | 54 | |
| 11417302675 | Charles Martel | first Carolingian king of the Franks; defeated Muslims at Tours in 732 | 55 | |
| 11417302676 | Charlemagne | Carolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany circa 800 | 56 | |
| 11417302677 | Holy Roman Emperors | political heirs to Charlemagne's empire in northern Italy and Germany; claimed title of emperor but failed to develop centralized monarchy | 57 | |
| 11417302678 | Feudalism | personal relationship during the Middle Ages by which greater lords provided land to lesser lords in return for military service | 58 | |
| 11417302679 | Vassals | members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty | 59 | |
| 11417302680 | William the Conqueror | invaded England from Normandy in 1066; established tight feudal system and centralized monarchy in England | 60 | |
| 11417302681 | Magna Carta | Great charter issued by King John of England in 1215; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy, and the supremacy of law | 61 | |
| 11417302682 | Parliaments | bodies representing privileged groups; institutionalized the principle that kings ruled with the advice and consent of their subjects | 62 | |
| 11417302683 | Hundred Years War | conflict between England and France over territory (1337-1453) Established a since of Nationalism with each country. Joan of Arc united the French and promoted French patriotism. | 63 | |
| 11417302684 | Pope Urban II | organized the first Crusade in 1095; appealed to Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim control | 64 | |
| 11417302685 | Investiture | the practice of appointment of bishops; Pope Gregory attempted to stop lay investiture, leading to a conflict with the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV | 65 | |
| 11417302686 | Gregory VII | 11th c pope who attempted to free church from secular control; quarreled with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over practice of lay investiture of bishops | 66 | |
| 11417302687 | Thomas Aquinas | creator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning; taught at University of Paris; author of Summas; believed that through reason it was possible to know much about natural order, moral law, and nature of God | 67 | |
| 11417302688 | Scholasticism | dominant medieval philosophical approach; so-called because of its base in the schools or universities; based on use of logic to resolve theological problems | 68 | |
| 11417302689 | Hanseatic League | an organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance | 69 | |
| 11417302690 | Guilds | associations of workers in the same occupation in a single city; stressed security and mutual control; limited membership, regulated apprenticeships, guaranteed good workmanship; held a privileged place in cities | 70 | |
| 11417302691 | Black Death | bubonic plague that struck Europe in the 14th c; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure; decimated populations in Asia | 71 | |
| 11417302692 | Period of the Six Dynasties | era of continuous warfare (220-589) among the many kingdoms that followed the fall of the Han | 72 | |
| 11417302693 | Jinshi | title given students who passed the most difficult examinations; became eligible for high office | 73 | |
| 11417302694 | Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism | emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses in East Asia | 74 | |
| 11417302695 | Wuzong | Tang emperor (841-847); persecuted Buddhist monasteries and reduced influence of Buddhism in favor of Confucianism | 75 | |
| 11417302696 | Southern Song | smaller surviving dynasty (1127-1279); presided over one of the greatest cultural reigns in world history. Fell to the Mongols in 1276 and eventually taken over in 1279. | 76 | |
| 11417302697 | Grand Canal | great canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin | 77 | |
| 11417302698 | Junks | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula | 78 | |
| 11417302699 | Flying money | Chinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; an early form of currency | 79 | |
| 11417302700 | Footbinding | male imposed practice to mutilate women's feet in order to reduce size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household; seen a beautiful to the elite. | 80 | |
| 11417302701 | Taika reforms | attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army | 81 | |
| 11417302702 | Fujiwara | mid-9th c Japanese aristocratic family; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power | 82 | |
| 11417302703 | Bushi | regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies | 83 | |
| 11417302704 | Samurai | mounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor | 84 | |
| 11417302705 | Seppuku | ritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor | 85 | |
| 11417302706 | Gempei wars | Waged for 5 years from 1180-1185, on the island of Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in the destruction of Taira and also resulted in the feudal age | 86 | |
| 11417302707 | Bakufu | military government established by the Minamoto following Gempei wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai | 87 | |
| 11417302708 | Shoguns | military leaders of the bakufu | 88 | |
| 11417302709 | Daimyos | warlord rulers of small states following Onin war and disruption of Ashikaga shogunate; holding consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states | 89 | |
| 11417302710 | Sinification | extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions | 90 | |
| 11417302711 | Yi | dynasty (1392-1910); succeeded Koryo dynasty after Mongol invasions; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence | 91 | |
| 11417302712 | Trung Sisters | leaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 CE; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society | 92 | |
| 11417302713 | Khmers and Chams | Indianized Vietnamese peoples defeated by northern government at Hanoi | 93 | |
| 11417302714 | Nguyen | southern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that challenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi | 94 | |
| 11417302715 | Chinggis Khan | born in 1170s; elected supreme Mongol ruler (khagan) in 1206; began the Mongols rise to world power; died 1227 | 95 | |
| 11417302716 | Shamanistic religion | Mongol beliefs focused on nature spirits | 96 | |
| 11417302717 | Batu | grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Golden Horde; invaded Russian in 1236 | 97 | |
| 11417302718 | Golden Horde | one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russua during the 13th and 14th c | 98 | |
| 11417302719 | Ilkhan khanate | one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid empire | 99 | |
| 11417302720 | Hulegu | grandson of Chinggis Khan and rule of Ilkhan khanate; captured and destroyed Abbasid Baghdad | 100 | |
| 11417302721 | Mamluks | Muslim slave warriors; established dynasty in Egypt; led by Baibars defeated Mongols in 1260 | 101 | |
| 11417302722 | Kubilai Khan | grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271 | 102 | |
| 11417302723 | White Lotus Society | secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty | 103 | |
| 11417302724 | Ottoman Empire | Turkish empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending through the Middle East and the Balkans; conquered Constantinople in 1453 and ended Byzantine Empire | 104 | |
| 11417302725 | Ming Dynasty | replaced Mongal Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted large trade expeditions to southern Asia and Africa; later concentrated on internal development within China | 105 | |
| 11417302726 | Ethnocentrism | judging foreigners by the standards of one's own group; leads to problems in interpreting world history | 106 | |
| 11417302727 | Muhammad's primary historical achievement | spread of Islam | 107 | |
| 11417302741 | Silk Road Trade system | | 108 | |
| 11417302742 | Kingdom of Mali | | 109 | |
| 11417302728 | Inca and Rome both had | extensive road systems | 110 | |
| 11417302729 | Important continuity in social structure of states and empires 600-1450 | land holding aristocracies, patriarchies, peasant systems still in place | 111 | |
| 11417302730 | Champa Rice | tributary gift from Vietnam to China, led to population increase | 112 | |
| 11417302731 | Diasporic communities | merchant communities that introduced their own cultures into other areas | 113 | |
| 11417302732 | Trans Saharan trade | Dominated my Muslims in 13th century after rise of Islamic caliphates.. | | 114 |
| 11417302733 | Effect of Muslim conquests | collapse of other empires, mass conversion | 115 | |
| 11417302734 | Tang Dynasty | followed Sui, established tributary states in Vietnam and Korea, influence Japan, Established strong Buddhist and Confucian presence | 116 | |
| 11417302735 | Black Death | plague that originated with Mongols, led to mass population decrease in Europe, later weakened faith in Christian church and increased the power of serfs/peasants. Led partly to fall of Feudal structures in Europe. | | 117 |
| 11417302743 | Indian Ocean Maritime Trade | | 118 | |
| 11417302736 | Cities that rose during this time due to increased trade | Novgorod, Constantinople, Timbuktu | 119 | |
| 11417302737 | Timbuktu | trade center of Mali, cosmopolitan city that saw the blending of many different cultures and people | 120 | |
| 11417302738 | New forms of monetization | Checks, Bills of Exchange | 121 | |
| 11417302744 | Bantu Migrations | | 122 | |
| 11417302739 | footbinding | began during Tang/Song era, demonstrates objectification and oppression of women, abolished during Yuan and brought back during Ming | | 123 |
| 11417302740 | Marco Polo | traveler/merchant from Europe who spend 17 years at court of Kublai Khan | 124 |
Ap world history vocab Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 11934109256 | mongol world war | term used to describe a half a century of military campaigns massive killing and empire building pursed by Gengis Khan and his successors in Eurasia after 1209 | 0 | |
| 11934109257 | Khubilai Khan | Grandson of Chinggis Khan who ruled China from 1271 to 1294. | 1 | |
| 11934109258 | Khutulun | a mongol princess whose exploits in battle and wrestling along with her choice of husbands provide insight into the relative freedom and influence of the elite mongol women in their societies | 2 | |
| 11934109259 | Genghis Khan | title meaning "universal ruler" that was given to the Mongol leader Temujin in 1206 after he united the mongols | 3 | |
| 11934109260 | pastoralism | way of life in which people depend on the herding of domesticated animals for their food | 4 | |
| 11934109261 | Yuan Dynasty | mongol dynasty that rules China from 1271-1368 name means "great beginnings" | 5 | |
| 11934109262 | Turks | created a series of nomadic empires b/t 552 and 965 CE had more of an impact on world history when they became dominant in the Islamic heartland and founded a series of states and empires there | 6 | |
| 11934109263 | Pastoralism | alternative kind of food-producing economy focused on the raising of livestock emerged only in the Afro-Eurasia world | 7 | |
| 11934109264 | Roman Cathlic Church | by the 11th century Western Christendom defined itself in centralized terms with the bishop of rome(pope) as the ultimate authority in matters of doctrine | 8 | |
| 11934109265 | Byzantine Empire | The surviving eastern Roman Empire during the medieval centuries | 9 | |
| 11934109266 | Caesaropapism | A political-religious system in which the secular ruler is also head of the religious establishment, | 10 | |
| 11934109267 | Justinian | byzantine emperor noted for his short lived reconquest of much of the former western Roman empire for his codification of Roman law | 11 | |
| 11934109268 | Kievan Rus | state that emerged around the city of Kiev in the 9th century CE a culturally diverse region that included Vikings as well at Finnic and Baltic people | 12 | |
| 11934109269 | Crusades | Modern term meaning "ventures of the cross," used to describe the "holy wars" waged by Western Christendom from 1095 until the end of the Middle Ages and beyond | 13 | |
| 11934109270 | Eastern Orthodox Church | Branch of Christianity that developed in the eastern Roman empire and gradually separated mostly on matters of practice from the branch of Christianity dominant in Western Europe | 14 | |
| 11934109271 | Constantinople | New capital for the eastern half of the Roman Empire, established by Emperor Constantine in 330 C.E. on the site of the ancient Byzantine | 15 | |
| 11934109272 | Holy Roman Empire | Term invented in the twelfth century to describe the Germany-based empire founded by Otto I in 962 C.E. | 16 | |
| 11934109273 | icons | Holy images venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church. | 17 | |
| 11934109274 | Aztec Empire | Major state that developed in what is now Mexico in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries; dominated by the seminomadic Mexica, who had migrated into the region from northern Mexico. | 18 | |
| 11934109275 | Seizure of Constantinople (1453) | Capital of Byzantine Empire fell to the army of the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II "the conqueror" and marked the end of Christian Byzantium | 19 | |
| 11934109276 | European Renaissance | A "rebirth" of classical learning that is most often associated with the cultural blossoming of Italy in the period 1350-1500 and that included not just a rediscovery of Greek learning but also major developments in art, as well as growing secularism in society. | 20 | |
| 11934109277 | Inca Empire | The Western Hemisphere's largest imperial state in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries; built by a relatively small community of Quechua-speaking people (the Inca), the empire stretched some 2,500 miles along the Andes Mountains,and contained perhaps 10 million subjects. | 21 | |
| 11939756821 | Ming Dynasty | Chinese dynasty (1368-1644) that succeeded the Yuan dynasty of the Mongols; noted for its return to traditional Chinese ways and restoration of the land after the destructiveness of the Mongols. | 22 | |
| 11939756822 | Mughal Empire | One of the most successful empires of India, a state founded by an islamized Turkic group who invaded India in 1526; their rule was noted for efforts to create partnerships between Hindus and Muslims. | 23 | |
| 11939756823 | Ottoman Empire | Major Islamic state centered on Anatolia that came to include the Balkans, the Near East, and much of North Africa. | 24 | |
| 11939756824 | Paleolithic persistence | The continuance of gathering and hunting societies in substantial areas of the world despite millennia of agricultural advance. | 25 | |
| 11939756825 | pocheca | professional merchants in the Aztec Empire whose wealth often elevated them to the elite status | 26 | |
| 11939756826 | Safavid Empire | Major Turkic empire of Persia founded in the early sixteenth century, notable for its efforts to convert its populace to Shia Islam. | 27 | |
| 11939756827 | Songhay Empire | Major Islamic state of West Africa that formed in the second half of the fifteenth century. | 28 | |
| 11939756828 | Timur | Turkic warrior also known as Tamerlane, whose efforts to restore the Mongol Empire devastated much of Persia, Russia and India | 29 | |
| 11939756829 | Zheng He | Great Chinese admiral who commanded a fleet of more than 300 ships in a series of voyages of contact and exploration that began 1405 | 30 |
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