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Genetics Exam #3 Flashcards

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728737253defective promoterno RNA/protein produced DNA is still present0
728737254defective terminatormRNA is produced, but longer than normal1
728780094failure to splicelonger mRNA produced but protein is shorter2
728780095exon cut outshorter mRNA and shorter protein3
728780096defective start codonshorter mRNA. RNAP will start at next available start codon4
728780097defective stop codonlonger mRNA will be made5
728780098northern blotview RNA6
728780099RT-PCRview RNA7
728780100western blotview protein8
728780101southern blotview DNA9
728780102peptide bondcovalent bond between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another10
728780103amino terminusend of polypeptide chain where amino acid bears free amino group. On same side as 5'11
728780104carboxyl terminusend of polypeptide chain where amino acid bears free carboxyl group. On same side as 3'12
728780105RNAP 1Transcription of rRNA13
728780106RNAP 2Transcribes all protein-coding genes14
728780107RNAP 3Transcribes all tRNA genes15
728780108promoterwhere RNAP binds to begin transcription; non-coding region16
728780109initiationRNA binds with ribosomes to begin transcription17
728780110elongationaddition of amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain18
728780111terminationterminator ends transcription19
728780112mRNAcopy of sequence information in a gene20
728780113tRNA"connector" that positions amino acids on ribosomes for translation according to the sequence of codons on mRNA. Carries amino acid so it will be lined up in the proper order and orientation.21
728780114rRNAnucleic acid component of ribosomes22
728780115RNAPcatalyst for transcription23
728780116m7G"cap" at 5' end of mature mRNA24
728780117poly A tail"buffer zone" against degradation at the 3' end of mRNA25
728780118intronsspliced out of mRNA during processing26
728780119exonsthe portion of a gene that contains the coding for proteins27
728780120spliceosomecontains snRNPs, removes portions of mRNA during processing28
728780121ribosomecatalyst for translation29
728780122snRNPsmall nucleoprotein particles involved in RNA splicing30
728780123codon3 adjacent nucleotides in an mRNA molecule31
728780124anticodon3 bases in tRNA molecule complementary to the codon on mRNA32
728780125epistasisinteraction between non-allelic genes in their effects on a trait. Genotype at one locus affects the phenotypic expression of the genotype at another locus.33
728785419what is the template strand for the nontemplate strand? 5' AGCTTGA 3'3'TCGAACT5'34
728811507KaryotypeConventional representation; numbered 1-22 with sex chromosomes last35
728811508ppetite36
728811509qnon-petite37
728811510Acentric ChromosomeNo centromere; unstable b/c cannot be maneuvered properly during cell division38
728811511Acrocentric Chromosomecentromere very close to one end39
728811512Dicentric ChromosomeTwo centromeres; not transmitted in predictable fashion, frequently lost from cell when two centromeres proceed to opposite poles40
728811513Why do humans have 46 chromosomes while our great ape relatives have 48?No obvious homolog of Chromosome 2 which is formed by telomeres b/w short arms of 2 acrocentric chromosomes that remain that way; form dicentric, but only one functional centromere41
728811514Genetic MosaicIndividual that contains cells of two or more different genotypes42
728811515HaplotypeSet of alleles @ two or more loci present43
728811516Santorum's daughter with Trisomy 18Edward's Syndrome; extra copy of 18; relative gene dosage is upset; probably caused by nondisjunction (failure of homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis)44
728811517Deletionsegment is missing; generally harmful to organism45
728811518DuplicationRegion that is present twice46
728811519InversionLinear order of group of genes is reverse of normal order; Same chromosome; more tightly linked than you thought47
728811520Translocationinterchange of parts b/w non-homologous chromosomes; different chromosomes; normally unlinked, now linked48
728811521Why do polyploid plants have even number of chromosomes?Odd set # of chromosomes has low fertility49
728811522Sexual v Asexual PolyploidizationSexual: Increase in chromosome # takes place in MEIOSIS Asexual: Doubling of chromosome takes place in MITOSIS50
728811523AutopolyploidChromosome in polyploid species derive WITHIN SAME SINGLE diploid ancestral species51
728811524Allopolyploidhave complete sets of chromosomes from two or more DIFFERENT ancestral species52
728811525Synteny Groupgroup of genes present in continuous region of chromosome in two or more species53
728811526Trisomyextra copy of individual chromosome54
728811527Monosomymissing copy of chromosome55
728811528EuploidTriploid (3 sets of chromosomes); Tetraploid (4 sets)56
728811529Aneuploidunbalanced chromosome compliments (trisomy/monosomy)57
728811530Bivalentpair of homologous chromosomes; normal58
728811531Univalentunpaired chromosome59
728811532Paracentric Inversion'Beside;' centromere is not included in inverted region60
728811533Pericentric Inversion'Around;' does include centromere61
728811534lacIregulatory gene whose product is repressor protein that keeps system turned off62
728811535lacPpromoter63
728811536lacOoperator64
728811537lac operonlacP and lacO65
728811538lacZencode proteins needed for transport and cleavage of lactose; Beta-galactosidase66
728811539lacYpermease67
728811540What are structural geneslacZ and lacY68
728811541trpPPromoter69
728811542trpOOperator70
728811543trpEcoding region; first one translated71
728811544trpDsecond coding gene72
728811545trpAlast coding gene73
728811546trpaattenuator sequence74
728811547What are structural genestrpE, trpD, trpA75
728811548Transcriptional Activatora positive regulatory protein that binds to an upstream DNA sequence in order to encourage transcription of gene in question76
728811549EnhancerDNA sequence that provides a binding site for proteins, the DNA-protein combination increases transcription of the gene in question77
728811550SilencerDNA sequence that provides binding site for proteins, the DNA-protein combination decreases the transcription of the gene in question78
728811551Epigeneticsnon-sequence modifications of DNA that affect gene expression and are passed on from one generation to the next79
728826556default state of negative regulationON80
728826557default state of positive regulationOFF81
728826558"negative inducible"inducer binds to repressor to initiate transcription82
728826559"negative repressible"aporepressor and corepressor form complex to inhibit transcription83
729159463lac operoninducible lactose is inducer84
729159464trp operonrepressible tryptophan is co-repressor85
729319021homozygous for inversionno crossing over; map units stay the same (5.16)86
729319022heterozygous for inversionno recovery of recombination products; RF=(inversion length) x original mu (5.16)87
730014407polysomemRNA covered with ribosomes observed in only prokaryotes because they lack nuclear envelope88
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Gen. Biology ch 14 Flashcards

ch 14 Gen. Bio

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104658350Characteran observable heritable feature0
104658351traitgenetically determined variant of a characteristic1
104658352True BreedingPlants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.2
104658353hybridizationmating or crossing of two true-breeding varieties3
104658354P Generationparental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross, studies in inheritance. P = parental .4
104658355F1 GenerationThe first filial, or hybrid, offspring from P generation in a genetic cross-fertilization.5
104658356F2 generationOffspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation. Second filial generation.6
104658357allelesalternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects variation in inherited character7
104658358Dominant alleleIn a heterozygote, the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.8
104658359Recessive allelean allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote9
104658360Law of SegregationMendel's first law, stating that each allele in a pair separates into a different gamete during gamete formation.10
104658361Punnett SquareA diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.11
104658362Homozygoushaving two identical alleles for a given gene12
104658363Heterozygoushaving two different alleles for a given gene13
104658364phenotypeThe physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its gentic make up.14
104658365Genotypegenetic makeup of an organism; an organism's combination of alleles15
104658366Test Crossbreeding of an organism of unknown genotype w/ a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype16
104658367Monohybridsan organism that is heterozygous in a single gene, results from a cross of two different parents17
104658368dihybridsthe crossing of two true breeding parents differing in two characters that produce heterozygous for both characters18
104658369Law of independent assortmentMendel's law stating that pairs of genes during gamete formation separate independently of one another in meiosis19
104658370Complete dominanceThe situation in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable20
104658371Incomplete dominanceThe situation in which the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of individuals homozygous for either allele21
104658372CodomanceThe situation in which the phenotype of both alleles are exhibited in the heterozygous because both alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways.22
104658373PleiotropyA single gene having multiple effects on an individuals phenotype23
104658374EpistasisA type of gene interaction in which one gene alters the phenotypic effects of another gene that is independently inherited.24
104658375Quantitative CharactersA heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).25
104658376Polygenic inheritanceAn additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.26
104658377Norm of reactionThe range of phenotypes produced by a single genotype, due to environmental influences.27
104658378MultifactorialMany factors, both genetic and environmental, collectively influence phenotype.28
104658379Pedigreea family history that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations29
104658380CarriersHeterozygotes who carry a recessive trait for an inherited disorder and therefore, may transmit the allele to their offspring30
104658381Behavior of recessive allelesAlbinism loss of color,Cystic Fibrosis of European descents, and sickle cell African Americans low blood cells31
104658382Behavior of Dominant allelesHuntington"s Disease Death btwn 35-40, Achondroplasia Dwarfism32
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American Promise: Chapter 25 Flashcards

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369505425The struggle against the Japanese in the Pacific, particularly the fighting at Guadalcanal and Tarawa, convinced American military leaders that:an invasion of the Japanese home islands would be extremely difficult and cost many lives.0
369505426The War Production Boardset production priorities and pushed for maximum output.1
369505427During the war, the top U.S. military leaders strove to keep African Americans relegated to performing menial tasksin racially segregated units.2
369505428In 1942, President Roosevelt issued an executive order that all Americans of Japanese descent be rounded up andinterrogated for information about recent acts of sabotage.3
369505429Women who joined the military during World War II:served in many different capacities but were barred from combat duty.4
369505430Roosevelt's cooling of support for the League of Nations was followed byJapan's witdrawal from the League and Germany's recall of its representative to the League.5
369505431A few months after Germany's invasion of Poland, Congress finally consented to President Roosevelt's wishes and revised America's neutrality legislation to allow a cash-and-carry policy for the purchase ofarms and nonmilitary supplies.6
369505432The war overseas had a strong impact on the domestic U.S. economydramatically expanding employment and wages.7
369505433African Americans' migration to defense jobs brought them both economic progress andracial antagonism.8
369505434In late 1944, as Allied and Soviet forces closed in on Germany, Adolf Hitler ordered a counterattack to capture a crucial supply port, resulting in theBattle of the Bulge.9
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Ch 21-24 The American Promise Flashcards

from quizlet chapters 21-24

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1145004577Explain what Jane Addams and the other reformers who lived at Hull House hoped to accomplish.Help her immigrant neighbors, offer an opportunity for educated women to find meaningful work. Launched campaigns to improve housing, end child labor, fund playgrounds, mediate between labor and management, lobby for laws that protect workers, aid the urban poor.0
1145004578Identify the general goals that characterized the Progressive movement.Transition from personal action to political activism. Government intervention to guarantee a more equitable society.1
1145004579Discuss how Progressive reformers sought to attack the problems in the cities.Founded settlement houses (bridged distance between classes), professed a new christian social gospel, campaigned against vice (prostitution) and crime in the name of social purity.2
1145004580Compare the meaning of "social gospel" with "gospel of wealth".Social gospel- christians have a responsibility to reform society as well as individuals. Encouraged people to put christ's teachings to work in their daily lives by actively promoting social justice. Gospel of wealth- wealth garnered from earthly success should be used for good works. Wealthy should serve as stewards and act in the best interests of society as a whole.3
1145004581List the contributions of the WTUL to the Triangle Shirtwaist Company strike of 1909-1910.Provided volunteers for the picket lines, posted more than 29000 in bail, protested police brutality, organized a parade of ten thousand strikers, took part in the arbitration conference, appealed for funds, generated publicity for the strike.4
1145004582Explain Teddy Roosevelt's trust policy and how he enforced it.Roosevelt used the Sherman Antitrust Act, which had been severely weakened by a conservative Supreme Court, to go after some of the nation's largest corporations, including Northern Securities Company, which held a monopoly on railroad traffic in the Northwest.5
1145004583List the legislative accomplishments of Roosevelt's second term.Hepburn act to increase power of the ICC, wanted railroad regulation, conserved natural resources, muckraking provided enormous help in securing progressive legislation. Passed a pure food and drug bill, pure food and drug act and peat inspection act.6
1145004584Discuss how the U.S. acquired the rights to build the Panama Canal.10 million and 250000 annual, at the prompting of a group of new york investors, the panamanians staged an uprising, and with unseemly haste the US government recognized the new government within 14 hours. They accepted.7
1145004585Describe William Howard Taft's foreign policy.extended us influence abroad. Dollar diplomacy championed commercial goals rather than the strategic aims roosevelt had pursued.8
1145004586Identify the Wilson administration's domestic legislative priorities.Special priveledges to none. Reflected the interests of his small business constituency.9
1145004587Discuss the leadership and the goals of the Niagara Movement.Calling for universal male suffrage, civil rights, and leadership by a black individual elite. Founded the national association for the advancement of colored people.10
1145004588Identify Woodrow Wilson's belief(s) concerning the U.S.'s role in international affairs.He believed that the U.S. had a moral duty to champion national self-determination, peaceful free trade, & political conquest, no dominion. But as President, Wilson revealed he was ready as any American president to apply military solutions to problems of foreign policy.11
1145004589Name the Mexican rebel leader who eluded capture by the U.S. Army.Francisco "Pancho" Villa12
1145004590List the members of the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente (the "Allies").alliance- germany, austria-hungry, italy. entente- great britain, france, russia.13
1145004591Discuss Wilson's policy of American neutrality at the beginning of World War I.Wilson said U.S. would remain neutral & continue normal relations w/ warring nations. "free ships made free goods."14
1145004592Describe how German "unrestricted submarine warfare" violated "traditional" rules of war.Unlike surface warships that could harmlessly stop freighters and prevent them from entering a war zone, submarines relied on surprising and sinking their quarry.15
1145004593Explain why the U.S. entered World War I.Protested german blockade of great britain but accepted great britain's blockade on germany meant that the us was supplying the allies with weapons. When the allies ran out of money they asked for loans, america gave loans. germany couldnt afford the neutral shipping and decided to use submarines to attack any ship without warning.16
1145004594Discuss how the Wilson administration managed the war effort.Wilson launched a campaign to foster patriotism. The campaign included the creation of a government agency to promote official propaganda, indoctrination in the schools, & parades, rallies & films.17
1145004595Describe the consequences of wartime mobilization for America's workers.Mobilization helped propel the crusages of women suffrage & prohibition to sucess. Progressives channeled industrial & agricultural production into the war effort.18
1145004596Discuss the wartime contributions of women at home and on the battle front.Battle front - More than $25,000 women served in France. About 1/2 were nurses. Others drove ambulances; ran canteens for Salvation army, Red Cross, & YMCA; worked w/ French civilization in devasted areas; acted as telephone operators & war correspondents Home - More jobs opened to women, Tens or thousands of women found work in defense plants as welders, metal workers & heavy machine operators. More jobs opened up to black women besides (domestics) Number of women clerks doubled, Most dramatic advance for women came in the political arena.19
1145004597Discuss the wartime role of the Committee on Public Information.Suppress criticism of the war, celebrate successes on the battlefields and in the factories, posters, pamphlets, cartoons. made fun of german soldiers.20
1145004598Show how the map of Europe changed as a result of World War I.Portions of austria-hungry were ceded to italy, poland, and romania, and the remainder was reassembled into austria, hungry, czechoslavakia, and yugoslavia.21
1145004599Discuss Senate opposition to membership in the League of Nations.Feared it would jeopardize the nation's ability to act independently.22
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AMERICAN PROMISE 26 Flashcards

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518891811DEAN ACHESON..., He was Secretary of State under Harry Truman. It is said that he was more responsible for the Marshall Plan and the Truman Doctrine than those that the two were named for.0
518891812AMERICAN GI FORUM..., It originally focused on veteran's issues such as payment of pensions and access to health care. But the group quickly expanded to other issues such as job discrimination, housing segregation, poll taxes, voter registration, and segregated schools.1
518891813CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (CIA)This group was created after WW II to coordinate American intelligence activities abroad, conspiracy, and meddling as well.2
518891814CONTAINMENTa policy of creating strategic alliances in order to check the expansion of a hostile power or ideology or to force it to negotiate pecefully3
518891815THOMAS E. DEWEY..., The Republican presidential nominee in 1944, Dewey was the popular governor of New York. Roosevelt won a sweeping victory in this election of 1944. Dewey also ran against Harry Truman in the 1948 presidential election. Dewey, arrogant and wooden, seemed certain to win the election, and the newspapers even printed, "DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN" on election night. However, the morning results showed that Truman swept the election, much to Dewey's embarrassment.4
518891816DWIGHT D. EISENHOWERWW11 GENERAL WHO WAS ELECTED PRESIDENT IN THE 1952 ELECTION5
518891817HOUSE UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES COMMITTEE(HUAC)committee formed in the House of Representatives in the 1930s to investigate radical groups in the United States; it later came to focus on the threat of communism in the United States during World War II and the Cold War6
518891818GEORGE F KENNANBelieved the US should resist Soviet attempts to expand power and influence. "the father of containment"7
518891819LEAGUE OF UNITED LATIN-AMERICAN CITIZENS (LULAC)Created to combat the discrimination that Hispanics face in the US, helped advance civil rights for all Americans8
518891820DOUGLAS MACARTHURUS GENRAL WHO WAS IN CHARGE OF UN FORCES IN KOREA 1950-51 BEFORE BEING FORCED TO RELINQUISH COMMAND BY PRESIDENT TRUMAN.9
518891821MAO ZEDONGCHINESE COMMUNIST LEADER WHO DEFEATED NATIONALISTS DURING CIVIL WAR.10
518891822MARSHALL PLAN (EUROPEAN RECOVERY PROGRAM)UNITED STATES PROGRAM OF ECONOMIC AID FOR THE RECOUNSTRUSTION OF EUROPE(1948-1952)11
518891823McCARRAN- WALTER ACT OF 1952limited immigration based on ethnicity, but made allowances in the quotas for persons displaced by WWII and allowed increased immigration of European refugees. Tried to keep people from Communist countries from coming to the U.S. People suspected of being Communists could be refused entry or deported.12
518891824JOSEPH R McCARTHYSENATOR FROM WISCONSIN WHO LED A CRUSADE TO INVESTIGATE OFFICIALS HE CLAIMED WERE COMMUNISTS13
518891825KIM II-SUNGcreated the Communist government of North Korea and has existed since World War II and ruled North Korea as a dictator today14
518891826NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENTSMovements that arise in developing nations to expel colonial powers.15
518891827NATIONAL SECURITY ACT OF 1947created the Department of Defense, which was housed in the Pentagon and headed by a new cabinet position, the Secretary of Defense, under which served civilian secretaries of the army, navy, and air force and created the National Security Council (NSC) to advise the president on security matters and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to coordinate the government's foreign fact-gathering (spying)16
518891828RICHARD M NIXONHe was a committee member of the House of Representatives, Committee on Un-American Activities (to investigate "subversion"). He tried to catch Alger Hiss who was accused of being a communist agent in the 1930's. This brought Nixon to the attention of the American public. In 1956 he was Eisenhower's Vice-President.17
518891829NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION (NATO)Defensive military alliance formed in 1949 by ten Western European countries, the US and Canada18
518891830PRESIDENTS COMMITTEE ON CIVIL RIGHTSPushed for southern anti-lynching laws and tried to register more black voters, but was mostly symbolic and had little real effect19
518891831JACKIE ROBINSONThe first African American player in the major league of baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans.20
518891832SERVICEMEN'S READJUSTMENT ACT (GI BILL)Provided for college or vocational education for returning WWII veterans as well as one year of unemployment compensation. Also provided loans for returning veterans to buy homes and start business.21
518891833JOSEPH STALINRussian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)22
518891834TAFT-HARTLEY ACTTHE LAW REDUCED THE POWER OF ORGANIZED LABOR AND MADE IT MORE DIFFICULT TO ORAGANIZE WORKER, STATES COULD NOW PASS "RIGHT TO WORK" LAWS WHICH BANNED THE PRACTICE OF REQUIREMENT ALL WORKER O JOIN A UNION ONCE A MAJORITY HAD VOTE FOR IT.23
518891835HARRY S TRUMANBecame president when FDR died; gave the order to drop the atomic bomb. WANTED COOPERATION BETWEEN THE US AND USSR24
518891836TRUMAN DOCTRINEPresident Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology25
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The American Promise: A Compact History--Ch 28 Reform,Rebellion, and Reaction Flashcards

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1004199501Fannie Lou Hamercivil rights activist and feminist0
1004199502John F. KennedyPresident during Bay of Pigs, and Cuban Missile Crisis. Strong image icon. Creator of Civil Rights Act; assasinated1
1004199503Lyndon B. Johnsonsucceeded Kennedy and signed civil rights act of 1964 into law; the great society2
1004199504Martin Luther King Jr.United States charismatic civil rights leader and Baptist minister who campaigned against the segregation of Blacks; assasinated3
1004199505Malcolm Xmilitant civil rights leader; Black panthers4
1004199506Stokely Carmichaelhead of the SNCC; black power5
1004199507Cesar ChavezOrganized Union Farm Workers (UFW); help migratory farm workers gain better pay & working conditions6
1004199508Dolores Huertaworked with Cesar Chavez to form the National Farm Workers Association7
1004199509Great SocietyJohnson's version of the Democratic reform program ; Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education.8
1004199510Civil Rights Act of 1964the law that made racial discrimination against any group in access to public education, employment, and voting illegal9
1004199511War on PovertyJohnson's program in the 1960's to provide greater social services for the poor and elderly10
1004199512Medicare and MedicaidGreat Society programs to have the government provide medical aid to the elderly and the poor11
1004199513Voting Rights Act of 1965a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage12
1004199514Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965abolished the national origins quota system, doubled the number of immigrants, and allowed admission of close relatives of the U.S. citizens outside those numerical limits.13
1004199515Warren Courttime when Earl Warren led the Supreme Court and controversial decisions were made expanding civil rights14
1004199516Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)Black civil rights organization that drew heavily on younger activists and college students15
1004199517March on Washingtonheld in 1963 to show support for the Civil Rights Bill in Congress. Martin Luther King gave his famous "I have a dream..." speech16
1004199518Mississippi Freedom Summer Projectmobilized more than 100 northern blacks and whites to conduct voter education classes and a voter registration drive17
1004199519Selma Marchvoting rights march in Alabama18
1004199520Civil Rights Act of 1968this law banned discrimination in housing and jury selection19
1004199521American Indian Movement (AIM)Native American organization founded in 1968 to protest government policies and injustices suffered by Native Americans20
1004199522Students for a Democratic Societypopular college student organization that protested shortcomings racial injustice and the Vietnam War21
1004199523Stonewall riotsStonewall Inn - police raided and rioted in a gay bar22
1004199524Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)enforced clean air and water policies23
1004199525National Organization for Womenfounded by Betty Friedan and others in 1966 it focused on womens rights in the workplace fought against legal and economic discrimination agianst women and lobbied for the Equal Rights Amendment24
1004199526Equal Rights Ammendment (ERA)outlawed differential treatment of men and women under law; not passed25
1004199527Roe v. Wadelegalized abortion26
1004199528Title IXfederal legislation that prohibited sex discrimination in education whether in academics or athletics27
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American Promise: Chapter 29 Flashcards

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369523693President Johnson's early policies in Vietnam werea logical extension of his predecessor's policies.0
369523694President Kennedy's concern over Communist expansion prompted him toexpand U. S. counterinsurgency forces.1
369523695The U.S. strategy of gradually intensified bombing of North Vietnam was calledOperation Rolling Thunder.2
369523696The critical turning point in the Vietnam War came for President Johnson with theTet Offensive.3
369523697One obstacle to the stabilization of South Vietnam was the presence of the Vietcong, insurgents whose initiative came fromwithin.4
369523698In November 1963, the premier of South Vietnam and the head of the country's secret police were executed, and the reins of government were assumed bySouth Vietnamese military leaders.5
369523699To defeat the Vietcong in North Vietnam, General Westmoreland designed a strategy ofattrition.6
369523700In March 1968, U.S. troops killed more than 400 Vietnamese civilians atMy Lai.7
369523701With regard to U.S. military strategy in the Vietnam War, President Johnson began a shift in 1968 towardVietnamization of the war.8
369523702The predictions of four American presidents that the fall of Vietnam to communism would lead to the communization of all of Southeast Asiaproved to be false, as only a few countries in Southeast Asia became Communist.9
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The American Promise: A Compact History--Ch 26 Cold War Politics in the Truman Years Flashcards

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401683625Helen Gahagan Douglasformer Bradway star and opera singer turned politician; democrat and supporter of Truman0
401683626Harry S. TrumanBecame president when FDR died; gave the order to drop the atomic bomb; wanted cooperation between the US and USSR1
401683627George F. KennanBelieved the US should resist Soviet attempts to expand power and influence. "the father of containment"2
401683628Henry A. WallaceSecretary of Commerce fired by Truman due to his pro-Soviet views; thought that the US had no buisness in the political affairs of Eastern Europe3
401683629Mao ZedongChinese communist leader who defeated Nationalists during civil war4
401683630Joseph R. McCarthySenator from Wisconsin who led a crusade to investigate officials he claimed were Communists5
401683631Ethel and Julius RosenbergAmerican communists who were executed for passing information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union6
401683632Jackie RobinsonThe first African American player in the major league of baseball7
401683633Douglas MacArthurUS general who was in charge of UN forces in Korea 1950-51, before being forced to relinquish command by President Truman.8
401683634Dwight D. EisenhowerWWII general who was elected president in the 1952 election9
401683635iron curtaina political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eatern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region10
401683636containmentAmerican policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world11
401683637Truman DoctrinePresident Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism12
401683638Marshall Plana United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)13
401683639Berlin airliftairlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin14
401683640hydrogen bomb500 times more powerful than the atomic bomb. Truman ordered the development of it to outpace the Soviets.15
401683641North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATODefensive military alliance formed in 1949 by ten Western European countries, the US and Canada16
401683642Central Intelligence Agency CIAThis group was created after WW II to coordinate American intelligence activities abroad, conspiracy, and meddling as well.17
401683643third worldunderdeveloped and developing countries of Asia and Africa and Latin America collectively18
401683644Fair DealTruman's extension of the New Deal that increased min wage, expanded Social Security, and constructed low-income housing19
401683645Servicemen's Readjustment Act (GI Bill)gave job training and low-intrest loans for housing, a farm, or a buisness to veterans20
401683646Housing Act of 1949provided 810,000 units of public housing21
401683647McCarthyismThe act of accusing people of disloyalty and communism22
401683648Truman's loyalty programTruman tested for communist alliances within government; government employees prohibited from taking part in remotely-communist activities23
401683649NSC 68review of security policy, advocated large conventional and nuclear forces24
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The American Promise: A Compact History--Ch 23 From New Era to Great Depression Flashcards

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368403024Henry Fordowner of Ford Motor Company; Model T; cheap, easy to drive easy to fix; Dearborn MI0
368403025Warren G. HardingOH senator elected president; believed that government should be run by the "best minds"; died of heart attack1
368403026Calvin Coolidgebecame president after Harding's death2
368403027Sigmund FreudPsycologist of the unconscious; his work led to the belief that the key to health is sexual freedom3
368403028Marcus GarveyJamaican-born visionary who supported the preservation of black culture; UNIA Universal Negro Improvement Association4
368403029Charles LindberghUnited States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean5
368403030Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti2 Italian immigrants believed to be anarchists were accused of murder in MA - found guilty, though evidence against them was disputable - executed in 1927- though many believed they were convicted just because of political beliefs6
368403031Alfred E. SmithHe was the Democratic presidential candidate in the 1928 election. He was the first Catholic to be elected as a candidate.7
368403032Herbert Hooverpresident of the U.S from 1923-1933 leader of the US in the beginning of the Great Depression; believed in a government-Buisness partnership8
368403033Scottsboro Boysblacks falsely accused of rape; saved by Communist Party9
368403034Five Power Naval Treaty1922 naval disarment treaty signed by Britain, France, Italy, Japan, and the US10
368403035Kellogg-Briand PactAgreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another11
368403036Dawes Planplan that halved Germany's annual payments, loaned them money, and removed France from the Ruhr Valley12
368403037mass productionassembly line technologies13
368403038welfare capitalismgive employees benefits to encourage company loyalty14
368403039installment buyingsimilar to credit cards15
368403040prohibitiona law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages16
368403041new womana woman of the turn of the 20th century; Flappers;They began to abandon traditional female roles and take jobs usually reserved for men17
368403042new negroIdea that promoted "'Negro Nationalism' which exalted blackness, black cultural expression and...black exclusiveness.'"18
368403043Harlem Renaissancea period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished19
368403044Langston HughesA leading poet of the Harlem Renaissance20
368403045Lost GenerationGroup of writers in 1920s who shared the belief that they were lost in a greedy, materialistic world that lacked moral values and often choose to flee to Europe21
368403046Johnson-Reid Actlimiting how many immigrants came into the states, 2 percent of each country's number of immigrants already in the US22
368403047Ku Klux Klananti-black and anti-immigrant group; built on frustrations of rural America23
368403048Scopes Trial1925 court case in which Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan debated the issue of teaching evolution in public schools24
368403049Reconstruction Finance Company RFClend government funds to struggling banks and corporations25
368403050trickle down economicsHoover's strategy battling the Great Depression in which the money is given to the big corporations and eventually they will pay their workers more, and then the workers will spend their money and save the economy.26
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The American Promise: A Compact History--Ch 22 WWI: The Progressive Crusade at Home and Abroad Flashcards

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366087308Wlliam Jennings Bryana pacifist; peaceful foreing relations0
366087309Francisco "Panco" Villarebel leader and bandit in Mexico1
366087310Wilhelm IIGerman Kaiser2
366087311Archduke Franz Ferdinandthe man whose murder sparked WWI; heir to the Austrian throne3
366087312Robert Lansingwas Secretary of State during the First World War. He helped negotiate the Lansing-Ishii treaty with Japan.4
366087313John "Black Jack" PershingU.S. general who pursued Pancho Villa in northern Mexico and commander of the American forces during WWI5
366087314Henry Cabot LodgeRepublican enemy of Wilson; opposed Versailles Treaty6
366087315A. Mitchell Palmerattourney general who led Red Scare persecutions7
366087316Emma GoldmanRussian born women's rights activist, birth control advocate and labor suporter; deported by J. Edgar in the Red Scare8
366087317Tripple AllianceGermany,Itlay, and Austro-Hungary9
366087318Tripple EntenteBritain, France, and Russia10
366087319U-boatsGerman submarines11
366087320LusitaniaBritish passenger liner sunk by German U-boats12
366087321Zimmerman telegrama telegram sent from Germany to Mexico to encourage the Mexicans to attack the US; intercepted by the British13
366087322American Expeditionary Force (AEF)American troops in Europe; led by John J. Pershing14
366087323Eighteenth Ammendmentprohibiton15
366087324Nineteenth Ammendmentwomen's right to vote16
366087325Fourteen PointsWilson's post-war peace plan; afformed end of secret treaties, freedom of the seas removal of economic barriers to free trade, reductions of war weapons, recognition of colonies rights, leaugue of nations, self-determination of countries dominated by Germany and its allies17
366087326League of Nationsassociation of nations that provides mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity18
366087327Versailles Treatyended WWI; Germany given sole blame for war and had to compensate ($) for it; Europe was re-mapped19
366087328Seattle general strikeSeattle shipworkers strike (AFL and IWW)20
366087329Red Scarepanic ocer Communism and persecution of accused Communists21
366087330Schenk v USrestricted free speech of socialist Charles Schenk22
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