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BJH 7 SS: 11-1 Jackson Era Flashcards

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112367545What does majority mean?More than half.
112367546What does plurality mean?Largest single share.
112367547What was the Spoils System?Replacing qualified government workers with unqualified supporters of the new leader.
112367548What is a Caucus?A meeting held by a political party to choose their party's candidate for president or decide policy.
112367549What is a nominating convention?System in which delegates from each state select the party's presidential candidate.
112367550What is a tariff?Tax on imported goods.
112367551What does nullify mean?To cancel.
112367552What does secede mean?To break away from.
112367553Andrew Jackson was the 7th President of the U.S.; What was he known for?Being a patriotic hero of the War of 1812.
112367554What political party did Andrew Jackson support?Democrats
112367555John Quincy Adams was the 6th President of the U.S. Where was his background?Son of John Adams; born into poverty; had popularity with the merchants of the Northeast.
112367556What political party did John Quincy Adams support?Republicans.
112367557What was the Nullification Act?South Carolina passed a law to stop the payment of what they believed were illegal tariffs during 1828 and 1832.
112367558What is mudslinging?The destroying of another candidate's reputation with insults
112367559Why was there controversy during the election of 1824?No candidate won a majority vote.
112367560Who did Henry Clay (Speaker of the House) persuade the House to elect?Adams.
112367561What difficulty did Adams face during his presidency?People did not trust him. What idea did Congress not support? Adams wanted to spend tax payer money on national projects like building a national university.
112367562Why Andrew Jackson was called Old Hickory?During the War of 1812, Jackson earned the reputation of being as tough as a hickory stick.
112367563What new campaign tactics were used during the election of 1812?Mudslinging, slogans, rallies, barbecues.
112367564What new group of people earned the right to vote?All white males, regardless of owning property, were given the right to vote
112367565What happened at Jackson's inauguration?Fighting broke out as many people tried to cram into the White House to meet the newly elected president:
112367566How did people respond when Jackson replaced federal workers with his own supporters?Fired employees said that Jackson was acting like a tyrant.
112367567What changes were made to the election procedures?In the past, members of Congress chose the candidates. For the first time, states had the right to nominate and select candidates.
112367568How did tariffs affect the South?Southerners had to pay more for manufactured goods which upset them.
112367569How did Jackson fix the tariff crisis?He proposed a new bill that would lower the tariff.
112367570Jackson also passed the Force Bill. What did that change?It let Jackson use military to enforce acts of Congress.
121992095How did political beliefs and events shape Andrew Jackson's presidency?Jackson was different. He believed in state power over federal power, and he used the spoils system which wasn't fair and changed the government.
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CHAPTER 11 - THE JACKSON ERA Flashcards

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337593473Plurality(in an election with more than 2 options) the number of votes for the candidate or party receiving the greatest number (but less that half of the votes)
337593474Spoils systempractice of rewarding supporters with government jobs
337593475Caucusa private meeting of party leaders to choose candidates for office
337593476Nominating conventionreplaced caucuses; meeting in which delegates from the states choose the party's presidential candidate
337593477Tarifftax on imported goods
337593478Nullifydeclare invalid
337593479Secedeto leave the union
337593480Vetoa vote that blocks a decision
337593481Depressiona long-term economic state characterized by unemployment and low prices and low levels of trade and investment
337593482Laissez-faireidea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs
337593483Andrew JacksonThe seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.
337593484John Quincy AdamsSecretary of State, He served as sixth president under Monroe. In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain gave the United States Florida in exchange for the United States dropping its claims to Texas. The Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams' work.
337593485Nullification Actact passed by South Carolina that declared the 1832 tariff illegal
337593486Indian Removal ActPassed in 1830, authorized Andrew Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi. The treaties enacted under this act's provisions paved the way for the reluctant—and often forcible—emigration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the West.
337593487Indian TerritoryAn area to which Native Americans were moved covering what is now Oklahoma and parts of Kansas and Nebraska
337593488General Winfield Scottgeneral sent to oversee the Cherokee removal from tribal lands to the Indian Territory
337593489Trail of TearsThe Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to the Indian Territory. More than 4, 00 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.
337593490Black Hawka leader of Fox and Sauk Indians, decided to fight rather than leaving Illinios
337593491OsceolaLed a band of Seminoles that hid in the Everglades and used guerrilla tactics to defeat the U.S Army.
337593492Henry ClayDistinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as "The Great Compromiser."
337593493Daniel WebsterFamous American politician and orator. he advocated renewal and opposed the financial policy of Jackson.
337593494Martin Van BurenServed as secretary of state during Andrew Jackson's first term, vice president during Jackson's second term, and won the presidency in 1836
337593495William Henry Harrisonwas an American military leader, politician, the ninth President of the United States, and the first President to die in office. His death created a brief constitutional crisis, but ultimately resolved many questions about presidential succession left unanswered by the Constitution until passage of the 25th Amendment. Led US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe.
337593496What key issue split the Republican Party in the 1828 presidential election?states' rights versus a strong sentral government
337593497Why did Jackson fire many government employees?He felt that hew federal employees would be good for democracy and that, as the winner of the election, his party had the right to the spoils
337593498Why did white settlers want the government to move Native Americans from their tribal lands?white settlers wanted more fertile land to settle and to end conflicts with Native Americans
337593499Why did Van Buren do little to solve the nations's economic problems?he believed in laissez-faire, the idea that the government should not interfere in the nation's economy
337593500Why was Jackson opposed to the Bank of the United States? What did he do about it?he believed that the bank would only profit the rich and powerful, that it had too much power over the country's money supply; when Henry Clay & Daniel Webster attempted to renew the Bank's charter early, Jackson vetoed it
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qp Chapter 11 The Jackson Era Flashcards

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373886440Plurality(in an election with more than 2 options) the number of votes for the candidate or party receiving the greatest number (but less that half of the votes)
373886441Spoils systempractice of rewarding supporters with government jobs
373886442Caucusa private meeting of party leaders to choose candidates for office
373886443Nominating conventionreplaced caucuses; meeting in which delegates from the states choose the party's presidential candidate
373886444Tarifftax on imported goods
373886445Nullifydeclare invalid
373886446Secedeto leave the union
373886447Vetopower of the president to block a decision or bill by Congress to prevent it from becoming a law.
373886448Depressiona long-term economic state characterized by unemployment and low prices and low levels of trade and investment
373886449Laissez-faireidea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs
373886450Andrew JacksonThe seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.
373886451John Quincy AdamsSecretary of State, He served as sixth president after Monroe. In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain gave the United States Florida in exchange for the United States dropping its claims to Texas. The Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams' work.
373886452Nullification Actact passed by South Carolina that declared the 1832 tariff illegal
373886453Indian Removal ActPassed in 1830, authorized Andrew Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi. The treaties enacted under this act's provisions paved the way for the reluctant—and often forcible—emigration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the West.
373886454Indian TerritoryAn area to which Native Americans were moved covering what is now Oklahoma and parts of Kansas and Nebraska
373886455General Winfield Scottgeneral sent to oversee the Cherokee removal from tribal lands to the Indian Territory
373886456Trail of TearsThe Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to the Indian Territory. More than 4, 00 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.
373886457Black Hawka leader of Fox and Sauk Indians, decided to fight rather than leaving Illinios
373886458OsceolaLed a band of Seminoles that hid in the Everglades and used guerrilla tactics to defeat the U.S Army.
373886459Henry ClayDistinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as "The Great Compromiser."
373886460Daniel WebsterFamous American politician and orator. he advocated renewal and opposed the financial policy of Jackson.
373886461Martin Van BurenServed as secretary of state during Andrew Jackson's first term, vice president during Jackson's second term, and won the presidency in 1836
373886462William Henry Harrisonwas an American military leader, politician, the ninth President of the United States, and the first President to die in office. His death created a brief constitutional crisis, but ultimately resolved many questions about presidential succession left unanswered by the Constitution until passage of the 25th Amendment. Led US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe.
373886463What key issue split the Republican Party in the 1828 presidential election?states' rights versus a strong central government
373886464Why did Jackson fire many government employees?He felt that new federal employees would be good for democracy and that, as the winner of the election, his party had the right to the spoils
373886465Why did white settlers want the government to move Native Americans from their tribal lands?white settlers wanted more fertile land to settle and to end conflicts with Native Americans
373886466Why did Van Buren do little to solve the nations's economic problems?he believed in laissez-faire, the idea that the government should not interfere in the nation's economy
373886467Why was Jackson opposed to the Bank of the United States? What did he do about it?he believed that the bank would only profit the rich and powerful, that it had too much power over the country's money supply; when Henry Clay & Daniel Webster attempted to renew the Bank's charter early, Jackson vetoed it
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Jackson Era: Antebellum and Expansion Flashcards

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258913786Election of 1828First election with the democratic party, Andrew Jackson runs against J.Q. Adams in a ugly election full of "mudslinging"
258913787Democrat PartyJacksonian era- Democrats were followers of General Andrew Jackson. changed from Democratic party to democratic-republican party
258913788Masonsthe freemasons, an international secret society which Jackson was a member of
258913789Old Man Eloquentnickname for J. Q. Adams , common man
258913790Andrew Jackson7th President of the US, war hero, very tough, founded democratic party, very skinny
258913791Old Hickory, Long Knife, King Mob, King Andrew, King Vetonicknames for Jackson
258913792Spoils Systemthe system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power, Jackson puts many friends in office
258913793Nepotismplacing family members in office
258913794Eaton AffairJohn Eaton, Secretary of War, was rumored to have had an affair with Peggy Timberlake, whom he later married, before her husband died in 1828. She was snubbed by the wives of Jackson's cabinet (led by Calhoun's wife). The President wanted to help her because his wife had been the object of similar rumors. This turned Jackson against Calhoun, drew Van Buren and Jackson closer together and dissolved the Cabinet. Calhoun resigned the vice presidency the next year and entered the Senate for South Carolina.
2589137951828-1850'syears of the antebellum and expansion
259932308Silver Tongued DevilDaniel Webster's nickname
259932309Webster - Hayne DebateHayne first responded to Daniel Webster's argument of states' rights versus national power, with the idea of nullification. Webster then spent 2 full afternoons delivering his response which he concluded by saying that "Liberty and Union, now and for ever, one and inseparable"
259932310The Indian Removal Actsforced Indian tribes Westward beyond the Miss. River to INdian territory starting in 1830
259932311Chief blackhawkleader and warrior of the Sauk American Indian tribe in what is now the United States. Although he had inherited an important historic medicine bundle, he was not one of the Sauk's hereditary civil chiefs. His status came from leading war parties as a young man, and from his leadership of a band of Sauks during the Black Hawk War of 1832. During the War of 1812, Black Hawk fought on the side of the British. Later he led a band of Sauk and Fox warriors, known as the British Band, against European-American settlers in Illinois and present-day Wisconsin in the 1832 Black Hawk War.
259932312Seminole WarsSeminoles under Osceola and escaped black slaves refused to move out of Florida and staged guerrilla War against the United States
259932313Tariff of 1828tariff of abominations and causes enormous resentment in the South
259932314Nullification CrisisSoutherners favored freedom of trade and believed in the authority of states over the federal government. Southerners declared federal protective tariffs null and void.
259932315Nullification and Tariff of 1833Henry Clay's 2nd great compromiser
259932316The Bank WarJackson was determined to destroy the Bank of the United States because he thought it was too powerful. He felt the Bank was unconstitutional and only benefited the rich.
259932317Roger r. TaneyJackson's sec of treasury
259932318NIcholas BiddlePresident of the Second Bank of the United States; he struggled to keep the bank functioning when President Jackson tried to destroy it.
262991896Election of 18321st election with a 3rd party- Anti Mason Party.
262991897Henry Clayforms whig party
262991898Whig Partyessentially replaces Republican party, and is predominately an Anti-Jackson party, Led by Henry Clay, John C, Calhoun, and Daniel Webster,
262991899Platform of the Whig Party"American System" , A fair Tariff, internal improvements (infrastructure) anda strong national bank
262991900Election of 18361st election with whig party, Martin Van Buren easily wins the election
264683880panic of 1837major depression rocks country- caused by pet banks, bad loans, crop failures, over speculation in land, England withdraws money from the stock market
264683881Van BurenWho is blamed for the depression with massive unemployment, "Van, Van the Used up man" , Starts Independant treasury system and 10 hr federal workday
264683882election of 1840Whigs united under William Henry Harrison, the one Whig candidate who had won national support 4 years earlier. Borrowing campaign tactics from the Democrats and inventing many of their own, Whigs campaigned hard in every state. The result was a Whig victory and a truly national two-party system.
264683883"Tippecanoe and Tyler too"Harrison's 1840 election slogan
264683884Liberty Partywho runs James Birney in election of 1840
264683885Zach Taylor and Harrisonboth whigs, military heroes, and die in office
264683886pneumoniaHarrison rides around in the rain without a jacket and dies from what?
264683887John Tylerbig "states rights" guy, not a whig
264683888preemption lawpassed by Tyler which allows settlers to claim up to 160 acres of western lands and pay the gov. $1.25 an acre for being the 1st on the land
264683889Texaswhat is annexed in December of 1845 and becomes the 28th state, "lone star" state
264683890Texas WarTexas gained indepenedence from Mexico; wanted to become a state; US went to War with Mexico
264683891Webster Ashburton Treaty1842 between the US and the Brits, settled boundry disputes in the North West, fixed most borders between US and Canada, talked about slavery and excredition
264683892Clayton - Bulwer Treatybetween U.S. and Great Britain agreeing that neither country would try to obtain exclusive rights to canal across Isthmus of Panama; Abrogated by U.S. in 1881
264683893Manifest Destinya policy of imperialism rationalized as inevitable (as if granted by God)
264683894mormonschurch founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah, religious group that emphasized moderation, saving, hard work, and risk-taking; moved from IL to UT
264683895shakersAmerican religious sect devoted to the teachings of Ann Lee Stanley, prohibited marriage and sexual relationships
264683896Utopian Societiesnew harmony, brook farm, and Onieda Company - communal, liberal , progressive , "free love"
264683897Seneca Falls ConventionTook place in upperstate New York in 1848. Women of all ages and even some men went to discuss the rights and conditions of women. There, they wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, which among other things, tried to get women the right to vote.
264683898Horace MannUnited States educator who introduced reforms that significantly altered the system of public education (1796-1859)
264683899Northern Cultureindustrial economy by 1840 , manufactured goods - huge expansion of coal and iron ore
264683900Southern Culture"king cotton" , plantation economy,
264683901Tredegar Iron Workslarge iron factory that operated in Richmond, Virginia, in the early to mid-1800s
264683902Edmund Ruffinadvocated crop rotation, deep plowing and fertilization of soil
264683903Mount HolyokeFirst women's college in US
264683904Election of 1844Candidates: Henry Clay (Whigs- in an upset over Van Buren) and James Polk (Democrat). Polk favored expansion, demanded that Texas and Oregon be added to the US and Clay had already spoken out against annexation. Polk won the election by the difference of one state (NY, because some of its votes went to the Liberty Party candidate, losing Clay the state)
264683905ExpansionistJames K. Polk is a ___________ .
264683906Liberty Partya former political party in the United States, anti - slavery party
264683907Polk 5 Point Platformreduce tarriff, acquire southwest, annex texas, set up treasury system, settle oregon border dispute
264683908Old Rough and ReadyGeneral Zachary Taylor fought to the Rio Grande, repulsed Santa Anna
264683909Spotty LincolnAbe Lincoln
264683910Mexican WarZachary Taylor invades Northern Mexico , General Winfield Scott marches and captures Mexico City, Stephen Kennedy's conquest of New Mexico and California
264683911Old Fuss and FeathersWinfield Scott
264683912"The Pathfinder"John C. Freemont
264683913Climax of Mexican Warwith the battle of Mexico City and Mexican govt sues for peace
264683914Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoFebruary 2 1848. The agreement between President Polk and the new Mexican government for Mexico to cede California and New Mexico to the US and acknowledge the Rio Grand as the boundary of Texas. In return, the US promised to assume any financial claims its new citizens had against Mexico and to pay the Mexicans $15 million.
264683915529,189 sq mileshow much does the US get in the Mexican War
266012893Osceolaleader of the seminoles
26601289454'40'Northern boundary of Oregon territory jointly occupied with Britain, advocated by Democratic party and others as the desired line of American expansion.
266012895Alexis de TocquevilleFrenchman makes unflattering comments about Americans - backward but practical , good but not smart
266012896Wilmont Proviso 1846a bill proposed no slavery in territories acquired from Mexican War - designed to stop criticism that the war was to expand slavery
266012897Election of 1848Candidates: 1. Zachary Taylor-winner, honest, ignorant (whig) 2. Martin Van Buren (Free Soil Party- made slavery an issue) 3. Lewis Cass-father of popular sovereignty (Democrat). Zachary Taylor became president, died in office, making his vice president Millard Fillmore president
266012898overseerthe person who manages slaves
266012899the peculiar institutioninstitution of slavery
266012900Paul Cuffiestarts a bakc to Africa movement
266012901Liberiacountry formed in 1846 for people to return to Africa
266012902Frederick Douglassfamous black abolishionist, forms newspaper "the North Star"
266012903Oberlin Collegefirst college to teach women and African Americans
266012904Nat Turner's RevoltUprising of slaves un Southampton County, Virginia, in the summer of 1831 led by Nat Turner which resulted in the death of 55 white people.
266012905California Gold Rush1849 (San Francisco 49ers) Gold discovered in California attracted a rush of people all over the country to San Francisco.
266012906Compromise of 1850California admitted as a free state, states to be determined by popular sovereignty, no slave trade, and a tougher fugitive act
266012907popular sovereigntypeople hold the final authority in all matters of government, Stephen A. Douglass
266012908Nashville Conventionmeeting of representatives of nine southern states in the summer of 1850 to monitor the negotiations over the Compromise of 1850; it called for extension of the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific Ocean and a stronger Fugitive Slave Law. The convention accepted the Compromise but laid the groundwork for a southern confederacy in 1860-1861.
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Review of the Jackson Era Flashcards

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373891811What is the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?to tell Europe to stop colonizing in the Western Hemisphere
373891812What is Washington's policy that Monroe wanted to continue?Neutrality
373891813What is the purpose of the Missouri Compromise?to keep the balance between the number of slave states and free states
373891814Missouri became a......slave state
373891815Maine became a......free state
373891816Who became known as the "Great Compromiser"?Henry Clay
373891817Slavery was NOT permitted north of...Missouri's southern border (the land above 36 degrees 30 minutes north latitude)
373891818Why did the Federalists die out?because they didn't support the War of 1812
373891819What was the only political party after the War of 1812?Democratic-Republican Party
373891820What caused the Democratic-Republican party to split?Bargain between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay
373891821What new political party did Jackson create?Democratic Party
373891823What was the "type" of person who would vote for Jackson?The "common" man
373891824What did the Jacksonian Democracy promote?Farmers
373891825Why didn't some people like Jackson?killed the 2nd U.S. Bank, supported the Spoils Systems
373891826What did Andrew Jackson do to the bank's charter?He vetoed the bill to renew the charter.
373891827Why did Jackson reject the bill to renew the charter for the national bank?He vetoed it because he felt it only benefited the wealthy
373891828What did Andrew Jackson do with the money in the federal bank?He moved it all to state banks to help out the poor farmers, the common man
373891829Define tariffTaxes on imported & exported goods
373891830What does a protective tariff intended to do?to encourage Americans to buy more goods from their "homeland" manufacturers
373891831Why did the North encourage tariffs?because it protected their manufactured goods and the money they spend exporting, they earned back from people importing from them
373891832Why did the South oppose tariffs?Since they had few factories in the South, It made them pay taxes on goods produced in the North to help pay for roads and canals on which the goods would be shipped.
373891833John C. Calhoun and other southern states felt if a law violated a state's rights, a state had the right to......nullify the law
373891834Define 'nullification'gives an individual state the right to declare the law null and void any law passed by the US Congress which to the states seemed unconstitutional because they disagreed with it
373891835Who was Worcester?A Cherokee missionary without a permit to live on Cherokee Territory
373891836Why was Worcester arrested?Because he didn't have permission to live among the Cherokee.
373891837What was the effect of the ruling of the court case, Worcester v. Georgia?The Cherokee nation did not have to follow the rules of the Constitution because they were a separate nation on the US's territory.
373891838What is the purpose of the Indian Removal Act?to remove the Indians from from their land because they were a nation within another nation. Andrew Jackson opposed.
373891839Why did the Americans want the Native American land?Gold that had been found on the land and the rich soil and great farms
373891840Who was president during the Trail of Tears?Andrew Jackson
373891841Why was it called the "Trail of Tears"?Many American Indians died due to exposure and being unprepared for the forced trip over a short period of time and adverse conditions. They were leaving homes that they had owned for generations and going to places that were totally different environmentally.
373891842What political party did President Van Buren support?Democratic Party
373891843What major economic problem happened during the presidency of Van Buren?The Panic of 1837
373891844What did Van Buren create to take the place of the US Bank?Treasury
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Chapter 11 The Jackson Era Test Flashcards

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220541640Who developed the alphabet for the Cherokeet Indians?Sequoyah
220541641In which state would you have found the Seminoles?Florida
220541642Of what was Rachel Donelson Jackson accused of?Bigamy
220541643Which of these men was NOT president in 1841?Jackson
220541644Who did Polk beat in the presidential race of 1844?Henry Clay
220541645What symbol did the Whigs adopt in 1840?Log Cabin
220541646What French term means that government should interfere with the private sector as little as possible?Laissez Faire
220541647How did Jackson "kill" the 2nd bank of the US after he vetoed Clay's attempt to recharter the bank in 1832?He took government money out of the 2nd Bank of the US
220541648Why did the Whigs nominate William Henry Harrison instead of Henry Clay?He was a war hero
220541649What do we call a period in which business and employment fall to a very low level?Depression
220541650What happened to cotton prices in the South in 1837?It fell because of overproduction
220541651What new party opposed the Democrats?Whigs
220541652What issue did Clay think might help him beat Jackson in 1832?Vetoing teh 2nd bank's charter
220541653What group did Jackson say controlled the Bank of the United States?Wealthy Easteners
220541654By 1842, the US had lost over 1,500 soldiers fighting theSeminoles
220541655What do historians call the forcible removal of the Cherokee to Oklahoma/Indian Territory?Trail of Tears
220541656Who sued Georgia in the case Worcester v. Georgia?Cherokee Indians
220541657Why did the US want to relocate Indians west of the Mississippi River?It was considered realtively worthless desert
220541658Which of these was NOT considered one of the "Five Civilized" tribes?Cheyenne
220541659What state threatened to secede if the Tariff of 1832 was enforced?South Carolina
220541660What is a tariff?Tax on imports
220541661What term in given to the practice of replacing government workers with the winner's political supporters?Spoils System
220541662What did Jackson's soldiers call him?Old Hickory
220541663Jackson was born in?a log cabin
220541664What had Jackson done to deserters in the War of 1812?hanged them
220541665What did JQ Adams want to build as president?National University
220541666Which of these men did NOT run in the 1824 election?Polk
220541667Prior to 1824, what was the traditional "stepping stone" to the US presidency?Secretary of State
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Andrew Jackson era Flashcards

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526384990What president was Jackson similar to?Washington
526384991Where did Andrew Jackson earn most of his support?He drew support from every section and social class.
526384992What were Jacksons belifs for or what did he believe in as far as how men are treated?he belived in equality for the WHITE MAN.
526384993What status did Jackson distrust or not like?The entrenched status, or the privledged.
526384994How many terms did he have adn for what party?he was a two term president. he was the first democratic president.
526384995What was the 1828 election focused on?It was a focus of character assaination rather than real issues.
526384996What was Jacksons belief on his win in 1828?It was a mandate from the people to challange congress and the supreme court for the commomn man.
526384997How did Jackson feel about the common white man?Every American adult white male was equally competent and politically important.
526384998What changed about the presidential canidates prior to everythign becoming more democratic?The canidates were usually choosen by a congressional caucus and were now being nominated by national party conventions.
526384999what happend to property qualificatuions after elections became more democratic?most states were removing their property qualifications
526385000What was the spoils system or the practice rotation?This was when Jackson rewarded his party workers with a political office.
526385001What did Jackson show through using his "rotation"? How were some removed?His contempt for entrenched politicians. Some were removed due to there incompetence.
526385002What was Jacksons cabinet called? Who was in this cabinet?The kitchen cabinet. Van Buren and future president James K. Polk
526385003What was significant about the amount of bills Jackson vetoed? How many was it?12. He vetoed more than all the presidents before him combined.
526385004How did he feel about power of the national government?As a Jeffersonian he belived in limited national government powers.
526385005How did he feel abouit the powers of the presidency?He expanded them.
526385006Who was the senator of South Carolina, and what did he do? How did he back himself up?Robert Hayne, he wrote a speech in support of cheep land. For a back up he mentioned the posibility of nullification.
526385007Who replied to Haynes argument?Sen. Danile Webster iof Massachusetts.
526385008What did Websters reply to nullification do?It moved the debate of nullification to the debate of the union and states rights.
526385009What did Webster argue for the union?That the states ruigths were appearing close to treason.
526385010Who said the quote, " Liberty and union, now and forever, one and ineperable."?Webster.
526385011Who liked the secind B.U.S at first? Why did there opinion change?The southerners and westerners, it changed when Cheeves took over and made it more strict.
526385012Who replaced Nicholas Biddles...
526385013What did the 2nd B.U.S act as, and what did what did it control?It acted as a centeral bank controlling the lending practices of state banks.
526385014Why was the bank smacked of special privilege to some?It held monopoly of public funds yet it was governed by a handful of rich investors (britts) and foreigners
526385015How did Jackson feel about the britts with the bank?He felt like the britts wewre still dominating us, and we really had no power over them.
526385016Who was working to use the renewal of the Bank's re charter against Jackson?Henry Clay and the National Republicans.
526385017Who Told Van Buren "The bank is trying to kill me, but i will kill it!"?Andrew Jackson.
526385018Waht was the main issue in the election of 1832?The B.U.S
526385019Who was the man that finally listend to Jackson after two other people to move the money from the B.U.S and put them in safe banks?Roger Taney.
526385020What were the "safe" banks that Jackson wanted the government money to go to?"pet" banks.
526385021What would you go back to if the second B.U.S was destroyed apparently?Loose easy credit.
526385022Who was Jacksons first vice president? What majoer issue did they not agree on?John C. Calhoun. They didnt agree on nullification.
526385023Who said " our federal union- it must be preserved." ?Jackson
526385024Who said "The union next to our liberty most dear."?Calhoun.
526385025Why were relations between Calhoun and Jackson strained besides nullification?The Peggy Eaton Affair.
526385026How were indians described as savages?They raomed the wild in trackless wilderness and were therefore incapable of self government.
526385027What did Jackson promise to the indians? How did he say forever?He gave sovereignty west of the Mississippi. "for as long as the grass grows and the river flows."
526385028What was the one indian group that tried to take up white ways?The Cherokee
526385029Who is responsible for the Panic of 1837?Andrew Jackson.
526385030What did Marshall rule in the case Cherokee Nation V. Georgia?The Cherokee were "not a foreign state" He also said they were more like a "domestic dependent nation"
526385031What did Marshall rule in the case Worcesterv. Georgia?The cherokee nation was a "distinct community... in ehich the laws of Georgia can have no force"
526385032How did Jackson feel about an independent nation in the U.S? What did he say about marshall?He believed it was impossible to have one. "John Marshall made a decision, now let him enforce it!"
526385033What came from defying the court?17,000 Cherokee Indians were forced to march 800 miles along the trail of terars 1838.
526385034What did the Trail of Tears encourage?Extreme states' rights.
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Chapter 29: Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad Flashcards

A test right after a break.. really

Terms : Hide Images
320241431New FreedomWilson's new progressive platform for the election of 1912 Promised to return state gov to the people Called for stronger antitrust legislation, banking reform, tariff reductions Favored small enterprise, entrepreneurship, and the free functioning of unregulated and unmonopolized markets Liked fragmentation of the big industrial combines by vigorous enforcement of antitrust laws Election of 1912 offered voters a choice of political and economic philosophies
320241432Bull Moose CampaignRoosevelt nominated by Jane Addams (showed rising status of women) Practically guaranteed a Democratic victory b/c he split the ballot with Taft Campaign: New Nationalism
320241433New Nationalismstate-interventionists reform program by Herbert Croly (see The Promise of American Life); didn't object to consolidation of trusts and labor unions; wanted to make stronger regulatory agencies to make sure that they served public interest, not just private gain Wanted woman suffrage, broad program of social welfare (minimum wage laws & a "socialistic" social insurance")
320241434The Promise of American LifeFavored continued consolidation of trusts and labor unions; paralleled by growth of powerful regulatory agencies in Washington
320241435Future of the Progressive partyIt had none. Had been a one-man show & had only elected a few candidates to state and local offices (Socialists elected more than a thousand!!) Had no patronage rewards to hand out to workers
320241436Woodrow WilsonBorn in Virginia, sympathized w/the Confederacy's cause and the South; shared Jefferson's faith in the masses Relied on sincerity and moral appeal (had so much righteousness that he had issues making compromises); believed the chief executive should play a dynamic role Lacked the common touch and hated stupid senators Lots of idealism, not very flexible Assaulted the "triple wall of privilege:" tariff, banks, trusts
320241437Underwood TariffWilson appeared before Congress and made a speech & the House was impressed by his strong leadership Reduced rates substantially; reduced import fees and was a landmark in tax legislation; enacted a graduated income tax (began w/modest levy on incomes over $3,000)
320241438Banking ReformMost serious shortcoming of the bank: its inelastic currency 1908: Congress authorized investigation led by Republican senator Aldrich --> 3 years later he recommended a huge bank w/lots of branches (a 3rd Bank of the US) Democratic banking reformers listened to Arsene Pujo; blamed American banking and business
320241439Other People's Money and How the Bankers Use It (1914)By Louis D. Brandeis; progressive-minded Massachusetts attorney; fanned the flames of reform
320241440Federal Reserve Act (1913)Created the Federal Reserve Board: appointed by the president & oversaw a nationwide system of 12 regional reserve districts (each had own central bank) the regional banks were owned by member financial institutions but the final authority of the FRB guaranteed some public control Could issue paper money ("Federal Reserve Notes") backed by commercial paper (like promissory notes of business people)
320241441Federal Trade Commission Act (1914)Empowered a committee (appointed by the pres) to search industries engaged in interstate commerce; wanted to crush monopoly by getting rid of unfair trade practices (unlawful competition, false advertisement, mislabeling, adulteration, bribery)
320241442Clayton Anti-Trust ActAdded price discrimination and interlocking directorates to the list of objectionable practices gave some benefits on labor: exempted labor and agricultural organizations from antitrust prosecution; legalized strikes and peaceful picketing called "magna carta of labor" by Samuel Gompers
320241443Holding companiesCrushed by the Clayton Anti-Trust Act; helped interlocking directorates
320241444More Wilson reformsFederal Farm Loan Act: made credit available to farmers @ low interest rates (demanded by Populists) Warhouse Act of 1916: authorized loans on the security of staple crops (idea by Populists again) Other laws: provided for highway construction, established agricultural extension work in state colleges La Follette Seamen's Act of 1915: required decent treatment and a living wage on American merchant ships (unfortunate result: freight rates went up) Approved an act restricting child labor on products coming into interstate commerce (SC invalidated it soon after...) No better treatment for blacks
320241445Workingmen's Compensation ActGranted assistance to federal civil-service employees during disability
320241446Adamson ActEstablished 8-hour workday for workers on trains in interstate commerce, got overtime pay
320241447Wilson & dollar diplomacyHated it - suspicious of Wall Street, and didn't want an aggressive foreign policy Declared war on dollar diplomacy - America wouldn't offer special support to investors in Latin America and China; American bankers pulled out of a loan to China
320241448Jones ActGranted Philippines territorial status and promised independence as soon as a stable gov could be established more imperialism by the US??
3202414491913 crisis w/JapanCalifornia prohibited the Japanese from owning farmland; Tokyo protested & American gunners in the Philippines were on alert Wilson sent William Jennings Bryan to plead w/California legislature to ease up, tensions eased
320241450Turmoil in HaitiOutraged people tore their brutal president to death, and Wilson sent out the marines to protect American lives and property (remained for 19 years... Haiti became an American protectorate) Wilson concluded a treaty w/Haiti providing for US supervision of finances & the police
320241451Wilson in the CaribbeanSent marines to quell riots in the Dominican Republic, looked over it for 8 years Purchased the Virgin Islands from Denmark in the West Indies
320241452Moralistic Diplomacy in MexicoMexico had been exploited by investors in oil, railroads, and mines; Mexico was rich but the people were poor :( Revolted! murdered the popular revolutionary president and put an Indian, General Victoriano Huerta, as president Massive immigration of Mexicans to the US --> created a unique borderland culture Revolutionaries menaced American lives and property; William Randolph Hearst & others called for American intervention & war; Wilson refused dollar diplomacy, wanted a moral course Kicked out his aggressive ambassador, imposed an arms embargo, refused to recognize the murderous gov of Huerta Tampico: some American sailors were arrested; Mexicans let them go and apologized but refused to to the salute of 21 guns; Wilson asked Congress for the authority to use force against Mexico --> ordered navy to seize Veracruz to stop a German steamer carrying weapons for Huerta ABC powers (Argentina, Brazil, Chile) offered mediation , Huerta collapsed & succeeded by rival Venustiano Carranza "Pancho" Villa (kinda like the Mexican Robin Hood) rivaled Carranza, supported reluctantly by Wilson; however, his men killed 16 young Americans; hoped to provoke war b/t Wilson and Carranza so they murdered some more Americans -___- General John J. "Black Jack" Pershing ordered to break up the group; mauled Villa's supporters but missed capturing Villa Forced to withdraw because of the threat of war w/Germany
320241453Crisis in Europe/Start of WWISarajevo: A serbian patriot killed the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary; Vienna government outraged, presented ultimatum to Serbia Serbia refused to listen to the ultimatum --> Russian tsar mobilized troops --> menaced Germany on the east (France was also confronting Germany on the west) --> alarmed Germans struct at France through neutral Belgium (wanted to knock the other enemy out of action so they could focus on Russia) --> Great Britain threatened by attack on Belgium, pulled into the conflict on the side of France
320241454Central PowersGermany and Austria-Hungary
320241455AlliesFrance, Britain, Russia, and later Japan and Italy
320241456Appeal of GB & Germany to USBritish: had cultural, linguistic, economic ties to America; controlled most of the transatlantic cables, transmitted stories to America on the side of the Allies (told tales of German bestiality, etc) Germans and Austro-Hungarians: counted on neutrality of Americans; had lots of people w/blood ties to the Central Powers in America
320241457American opinion of warAnti-German from the start (the Kaiser seemed to embody arrogant autocracy, while German and Austrian agents resorted to violence in American factories and ports); a German operative also left documents detailing plans for industrial sabotage on an elevator (lolol) **However, the majority of Americans wanted to stay neutral and stay out of the war**
320241458Causes of American prosperity during warBritish and French war orders Boom partly financed by American bankers (JP Morgan and Company); central powers protested against trade b/t Allies and America (didn't violate neutrality laws though!)
320241459How GB stopped American and German tradeBritish controlled the sea-lanes, and blockaded mines and ships across the North Sea (gateway to German ports) began forcing American vessels off the seas and into their ports; harassment of American ships
320241460U-boatsGerman submarines; sank 90 ships in the war zone in the first few months of the war
320241461LusitaniaBritish passenger liner that was torpedoed, sank on May 7, 1915; 128 Americans died Germans justified the sinking by saying the ship was carrying 4200 cases of small-arms ammunition; Americans, however, were still shocked and angered; the eastern United States wanted war but the rest of the US was distasteful of hostilities; Wilson still didn't want war, so sent very strong notes to Germany (lol) After they sank another British liner (the Arabic) w/2 Americans dead, Germany agreed not to sink unarmed and unresisting passenger ships without warning
320241462German Sussex PledgeGermany violated the pledge not to sink ships without warning after they sank a French passenger steamer (the Sussex) Wilson was angry, told Germany that unless they renounced the practice of sinking ships without warning, he'd break diplomatic relations - prelude to war! Germany agreed, as long as the US persuaded the Allies to modify what Germany saw as an illegal blockade Wilson accepted it, but secretly didn't accept Germany's condition
320241463Election of 1916Progressives renominated TR, but he refused to return --> death of the Progressive party The Republican Old Guard nominated SC justice Charles Evans Hughes; solid liberal record while governor of New York Republican platform: condemned Democratic tariff, assaults on the trusts, and Wilson's wishy-washiness (lolololol) in dealing w/Mexico and Germany In anti-German areas, Hughes insulted Wilson for not standing up to the kaiser; in isolationist areas, Hughes took a softer approach Roosevelt didn't like Hughes, likened him to Wilson Wilson: ignored Hughes, campaign built on slogan "He Kept Us Out of War;" however, didn't explicitly promise to keep them out of war Election day: Hughes swept the East, seemed ready to win, but the rest of the country turned the tide and elected Wilson (were attracted by his progressive reforms and antiwar policies); the election depended on California, and eventually Wilson won Wilson received lots of support from the working class and renegade bull moosers
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APUSH Chapter 27 Vocab Flashcards

The American Pageant, 13th Edition; AP Edition

Terms : Hide Images
549734222MahanWrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History, which argued that control of the sea was the key to world dominance;it stimulated the naval race among the great powers.
549734223de LomeSpanish minister, in Washington, he wrote a letter where he called President McKinley weak and bitter. The letter was stolen and delivered to Hearst, who played it up using yellow journalism.
549734224MaineA ship stationed near Cuba which exploded on February 15, 1898. The explosion was blamed on the Spanish, and provided a reason for starting the Spanish-American War. Evidence to the contrary was ignored in the rush to War
549734225Teller AmendmentAct of Congress in 1898 that stated that when the United States had rid Cuba of Spanish rule, Cuba would be granted its freedom. It prevented Cuba from turning hostile towards the U.S.
549734226Rough Ridersvolunteer soldiers led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War
549734227Roosevelt26th President of the United States, hero of the Spanish-American War; Panama Canal was built during his administration; said 'Speak softly but carry a big stick' (1858-1919)
549734228Anti-Imperialist Leagueobjected to the annexation of the Philippines and the building of an American empire. Idealism, self-interest, racism, constitutionalism, and other reasons motivated them, but they failed to make their case; the Philippines were annexed in 1900
549734229Foraker ActCongress accorded the Puerto Ricans a limited degree of popular gov't and in 1917, granted then US citizenship. Worked wonders in education, sanitation, transportation, + more
549734230Insular CasesConstitution didn't have full authority of how to deal with islands (Puerto Ricans & Cubans subject to American rule, but didn't have all rights)
549734231OlneySecretary of State under Cleveland, he was authorized by the President to deliver a message to London that the British were ignoring the Monroe Doctrine in their attempt to dominate Venezuela.
549734232WeylerSpanish General in Cuba who herded many civilians into barbed-wire reconcentration camps so they could not help the insurrectos. Called "Butcher ---" because hundreds of thousands of people died in his concentration camps
549734233AguinaldoLeader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901.
549734234Platt AmendmentThis amendment to the new Cuban constitution authorized U.S. intervention in Cuba to protect its interests. Cuba pledged not to make treates with other countries that might compromise its independence, and it granted naval bases to the United States, most notable being Guantanamo Bay.
549734235Treaty of Paris 1898Signed by the United States and Spain in December 1898, this treaty ended the Spanish-American War. Under its terms, Spain recognized Cuba's independence and assumed the Cuban debt; it also ceded Puerto Rico and Guam to the United States. At the insistence of the U.S. representatives, Spain also ceded the Phillipines.
549734236Pan-American ConferenceMeetings of an international organization for cooperation on trade and other issues. They were first introduced by James G. Blaine of Maine in order to establish closer ties between the United States and its southern neighbors, specifically Latin America. Blaine hoped that ties between the USA and its southern counterparts would open Latin American markets to U.S. trade.
549734237imperialismA policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.
549734238jingoismExtreme, chauvinistic patriotism, often favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policy.
549734239reconcentrationPolicy of moving Cubans to detention camps so that they could not aid rebels.
549734240DeweyA United States naval officer remembered for his victory at Manila Bay in the Spanish-American War, U.S. naval commander who led the American attack on the Philippines.
549734241BlaineSecretary of State, "Big Sister" policy. Presided over the first Pan-American Conference
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Ch 3, Colonial America 1587-1770 Flashcards

Ms. Woo's 8th grade history class

Terms : Hide Images
510979651Squantoa Pawtuxet who helped the Pilgrims
510979652persecuteto treat harshly
510979653dissentto disagree with
510979654MetacometKing Philip
510979655Protestants who wanted to reform the Anglican churchPuritans
510979656a law & order contract signed by the PilgrimsMayflower Compact
510979657they helped the Pilgrims to surviveSquanto & Samoset
510979658Fundamental Orders of Connecticutthe first written constitution in America
5109796591st colony in America to practice religious tolerationRhode Island
510979660charterright to organize settlements in an area
510979661Jamestown's legislative assemblyhouse of Burgesses
510979662Early colony that disappearedRoanoke
510979663Crop that saved JamestownTobacco
510979664Sir Humphrey Gilbertclaimed Newfoundland for Queen Elizabeth I
510979665New England ColoniesMA, RI, NH, CT
510979666Reason New England colonies were foundedReligious freedom
510979667PilgrimsSeparatists called themselves this because their journey had a religious purpose
510979668Pilgrims colonyPlymouth
510979669Pilgrims shipMayflower
510979670How Squanto helped the Pilgrimstaught them to grow corn
510979671Metacomet's English nameKing Philip
510979672Founder of HartfordThomas Hooker
510979673Great Migrationthe movement of 15,000 Puritans to MA
510979674Massachusetts Bay CompanyCompany the Puritans formed when they received a royal charter to establish a colony north of Plymouth
510979675Protestants who wanted to leave the Anglican Church and set up their own churchesSeparatists
510979676Protestants who wanted to reform the Anglican ChurchPuritans
526874833Duke of YorkCharles II brother
526874834colony of New NetherlandsNew Amsterdam
526874835Patroonswealthy landowners
526874836Society of Friends; religion who were pacifistsQuakers
526874837"city of brotherly love"Philadelphia
526874838New Jerseynamed after an island in the English Channel
526874839William PennAmerica's 1st town planner; supervised the building of Philadelphia; wrote PA's 1st constitution
526874840Charter of Libertiesdocument that granted the PA colonists the right to elect representatives to the legislative assembly
526874841Three Lower Countiessouthernmost part of PA
526874842Middle ColoniesNY, DE, NJ, PA
526874843Pacifistspeople who refuse to use force or fight
526874844present day location of New AmsterdamNew York City
526874845How Manhattan Island was purchasedfrom Manhates for small number of beads and other goods
536347213CarolinaIn Latin, it means Charles' land.
536347215constitutiona plan of government
536347217Nathaniel Bacon"The greatest rebel that was ever in VA."
536347219Louis Jolieta French fur trader and explorer
536347221missionsreligious settlements established to convert people to a particular faith
536347222Marylandcolony established as a safe place for Catholics
536347224indigoCarolina's "blue gold"
536347226Georgiacolony that British set up as a military barrier; last British colony established in America; had the highest percentage of non-British settlers; created to that debtors and poor could start over
536347228Frenchfounded Quebec; maintained the friendliest relations with the Native Americans
536347230Junipero SerraFranciscan monk who worked for the rights of Native Americans
536347232Southern ColoniesMD, VA, NC, SC, & GA
536347234Indentured servantsagreed to work for a set amount of time in order to gain passage to America
536347235Act of TolerationIt granted Protestants & Catholics the right to worship freely in MD
536347237VirginiaColony who 1st had settlers trying to move westward away from the east coast
536347239William BerkleyVA governor who wanted settlers to stay near the east coast
536347241Carolina Constitutionthe constitution that covered subjects such as land distribution and social ranking
536347243Tenant farmerssettlers who paid annual rent and worked a fixed number of days each year
536347245Santa Fe & San Antoniosite of military Spanish post founded by missionaries, soldiers and settlers
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