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Taxonomy

properties of life - fundamental qualities of all living organisms

  • cellular organization
  • sensitivity
  • growth/metabolism
  • reproduction/heredity
  • regulation/homeostasis

taxonomy - science of classification/nomenclature for living things

  • 3 purposes
    • identifies known species
    • names/classifies new species
    • shows evolutionary relationships between species
  • organisms grouped according to phylogeny and binomial names

phylogenetic systems - evolutionary tree diagrams showing the lineage of each organism

  • shows how organisms are related through course of evolution
  • branching = divergence of species
  • upper branches = recently evolved/diverged species
  • lower branches = older, more primitive species
  • breaks animals up into 3 domains (Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya)
  • domain >> kingdom >> phylum >> class >> order >> family >> genus >> species

binomial nomenclature - based on work of Carolus Linnaeus

  • genus - group of closely related organisms
  • species - type of organism
  • names in Latin
  • capitalize genus name, don’t capitalize species name
  • underline name when handwritten, italicize when typed
Subject: 
Biology
Subject X2: 
Biology

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