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Chapter 20 Biotechnology Lecture Outline Overview: The DNA Toolbox ? In 1995, researchers sequenced the entire genome of a free-living organism, the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae. ? A mere 12 years later, genome sequencing was under way for more than 2,000 species. ? By 2007, researchers had completely sequenced hundreds of prokaryotic genomes and dozens of eukaryotic ones, including all 3 billion base pairs of the human genome. ? Rapid advances in DNA technology?methods of working with and manipulating DNA?had their roots in the 1970s. ? A key accomplishment was the invention of techniques for making recombinant DNA, DNA molecules formed when segments of DNA from two different sources?often different species?are combined in vitro.
