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Genome

AP Biology Campbell 9th Chapter 20 outline

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Chapter 20 Biotechnology Lecture Outline Overview: The DNA Toolbox ? In 1995, researchers sequenced the entire genome of a free-living organism, the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae. ? A mere 12 years later, genome sequencing was under way for more than 2,000 species. ? By 2007, researchers had completely sequenced hundreds of prokaryotic genomes and dozens of eukaryotic ones, including all 3 billion base pairs of the human genome. ? Rapid advances in DNA technology?methods of working with and manipulating DNA?had their roots in the 1970s. ? A key accomplishment was the invention of techniques for making recombinant DNA, DNA molecules formed when segments of DNA from two different sources?often different species?are combined in vitro.

DNA Technology and Genomics

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Chapter 20 DNA Technology and Genomics Overview: Understanding and Manipulating Genomes One of the great achievements of modern science has been the sequencing of the human genome, which was largely completed by 2003. Progress began with the development of techniques for making recombinant DNA, in which genes from two different sources?and often different species?are combined in vitro into the same molecule. The methods for making recombinant DNA are central to genetic engineering, the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes. Applications include the introduction of a desired gene into the DNA of a host that will produce the desired protein.

What is Biology?

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Biology is the study of life. Alongside physics and chemistry, biology is one of the largest and most important branches of science. At the highest level, biology is broken down based on the type of organism being studied: zoology, the study of animals; botany, of plants; and microbiology, of microorganisms. Each field has contributed to mankind or the Earth’s well-being in numerous ways. Most prominently: botany, to agriculture; zoology, to livestock and protection of ecologies; and microbiology, to the study of disease and ecosystems in general.
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