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Nucleic acid

AP Bio_dna_is_genetic_material

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Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
Francis Crick
Nucleic acid double helix
Nucleic acid
James Watson
Base pair

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Life?s Operating Instructions * In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick introduced an elegant double-helical model for the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA * Hereditary information is encoded in DNA and reproduced in all cells of the body * This DNA program directs the development of biochemical, anatomical, physiological, and (to some extent) behavioral traits * DNA is copied during DNA replication, and cells can repair their DNA Concept 16.1: DNA is the genetic material * Early in the 20th century, the identification of the molecules of inheritance loomed as a major challenge to biologists The Search for the Genetic Material: Scientific Inquiry

Ap bio Organic Chemistry ppt

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Backbone chain
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Organic Compounds The Structure and Function of Macromolecules Biological Molecules The study of carbon compounds, organic chemistry, focuses on any compound with carbon (organic compounds) Proteins, DNA, carbohydrates, and other molecules that distinguish living matter from inorganic material are all composed of carbon atoms bonded to each other and to atoms of other elements Carbon Atoms Carbon is building block of molecules Carbon has 4 valence electrons Can form 4 covalent bonds Tetravalence by carbon makes large, complex molecules possible Carbon Skeletons Carbon chains form the skeletons of most organic molecules The skeletons may vary in length and may be straight, branched, or arranged in closed rings. The carbon skeletons may include double bonds.

Macromolecules worksheet

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Name: Macromolecule Chat Stations Complete the tasks at each station. Answer the questions on your own and then when your group is finished you may discuss and defend your answers with evidence from your foldable or the textbook on pages 45-49. STATION # 1: STATION #2: polysaccharides nucleic acids proteins a. + b. + c. + d. + STATION # 3:

Campbell Biology 9th Edition - Ch. 5 Macromolecules

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Amino acid

Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Monomers Polymers Macromolecules Small organic Used for building blocks of polymers Connects with condensation reaction (dehydration synthesis) Long molecules of monomers With many identical or similar blocks linked by covalent bonds Giant molecules 2 or more polymers bonded together ie. amino acid ? peptide ? polypeptide ? protein smaller larger Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation Reaction) Hydrolysis Make polymers Breakdown polymers Monomers ? Polymers Polymers ? Monomers A + B ? AB AB ? A + B + H2O + + H2O + Dehydration Synthesis Hydrolysis I. Carbohydrates Fuel and building material Include simple sugars (fructose) and polymers (starch) Ratio of 1 carbon: 2 hydrogen: 1 oxygen or CH2O

Viruses

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Orthomyxoviridae
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Introduction to viruses

? Viruses Virus - an infectious agent made up of a core of nucleic acid and a protein coat. viruses are not cells, they are non-living does not have a nucleus, a membrane, or cellular organelles. do have organized structural parts All viruses have at least 2 parts: core of nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) capsid - protective protein coat around the core of nucleic acid. The capsid protects the nucleic acid core from its environment. Additional parts may include: an envelope is an additional protective coating usually made of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. spiked projections that bind to the membrane of the cell being infected. **envelopes are only found in viruses that infect animal cells (i.e. flu virus). IV. Vaccines

Amino Acid II

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Transcription

Nucleic Acids, DNA Structure, and Chromosomes Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids One (NMP), two (NDP), three (NTP) phosphates 5 different bases: A, G, C (DNA and RNA), T (DNA), U (RNA) 2 different sugars: ribose (RNA), deoxyribose (DNA) Two kinds of 5-carbon sugars Five kinds of nitrogen containing bases The sugars and bases are linked through a glycosidic bond nucleoside = N-containing base linked to a 5 carbon sugar (no phosphate) nucleotide = N-containing base linked to a 5 carbon sugar & one or more phosphates Nucleotides are linked through phosphodiester bonds Link between nucleotides: 5? C of sugar - phosphate- 3? C of sugar (backbone) Variable portion: base

Amino Acid I

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Transcription

Nucleic Acids, DNA Structure, and Chromosomes Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids One (NMP), two (NDP), three (NTP) phosphates 5 different bases: A, G, C (DNA and RNA), T (DNA), U (RNA) 2 different sugars: ribose (RNA), deoxyribose (DNA) Two kinds of 5-carbon sugars Five kinds of nitrogen containing bases The sugars and bases are linked through a glycosidic bond nucleoside = N-containing base linked to a 5 carbon sugar (no phosphate) nucleotide = N-containing base linked to a 5 carbon sugar & one or more phosphates Nucleotides are linked through phosphodiester bonds Link between nucleotides: 5? C of sugar - phosphate- 3? C of sugar (backbone) Variable portion: base

Campbell Biology 9th Edition Chapter 5 Outline

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DNA, RNA and proteins: The three essential macromolecules of life
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The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Outline

Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Outline The Molecules of Life Macromolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids Architecture of a large biological molecule helps explain how that molecule works Macromolecules are Polymers, Built from Monomers Polymer: A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds, much as a train consists of a chain of cars Monomers: The repeating units that serve as the building blocks of a polymer Synthesis and Breakdown of Polymers Enzymes: Specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions Dehyrdration Reaction: Two molecules are covalently bonded to each other, with the loss of a water molecule

Campbell 9th Chapter 19 Lecture Outline

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Introduction to viruses
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#AP Biology #AP Bio #Biology #Study Guide

Chapter 19 Viruses Lecture Outline Overview: A Borrowed Life ? Viruses are the simplest biological systems. ? Most viruses are little more than aggregates of nucleic acids and protein?genes in a protein coat. ? Are viruses living or nonliving? ? Viruses cannot reproduce or carry out metabolic activities outside of a host cell. ? Most virologists would probably agree that viruses are not alive but lead ?a kind of borrowed life.? ? Molecular biology was born in the laboratories of microbiologists studying viruses that infect bacteria. ? Experiments with viruses provided key evidence that genes are made of nucleic acids. ? Viruses were critical in working out most of the major steps in DNA replication, transcription, and translation.

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