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Campbell Reece 6th ed. Chapter 4 important notes.

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Isomers ? Same chemical formula, but different structures: means different functions. Butane Structural isomers: differs in arrangement of atoms: Vast differences in variation Geometric isomers: same covalent partnership (same atoms) but different shape. Arises from inflexibility property of doubled bonded atoms ? will not allow atoms to rotate along the bond axis. Enantiomers: Are mirror images of each other. Eg: C?H-O and O-H?C. One is biologically active and the other is not. The ineffective one might even produce an undersired or harmful effect. Hydroxyl Group: Hydrogen atom bonded with an oxygen and which is in turn bonded with a Carbon skeleton. Organics that have hydroxyl groups are called alcohols. Their names end with ?ol. Polar and hydrophilic.

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