cell theory - all organisms consist of cells (basic units of life)
- Robert Hooke - discovered cells
- Schleiden/Schwann - concluded that all organisms have cells
- all cells form from other cells
- foundation for understanding growth/reproduction of all organisms
molecular basis of inheritance - each cell contains detailed plan in its DNA
- nucleotides - DNA building blocks, 4 total types; 2 strands in each DNA molecule
- A can only pair w/ T, C can only pair with G (knowing 1 strand guarantees that you know the other strand in DNA)
- gene - specific sequences of thousands of nucleotides; could code a protein or RNA
- proteins/RNA determine what the cell is like
- genome - entire set of DNA instructions
evolutionary change/diversity - 3 main groups (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya)
- Archaea group is prokaryote like Bacteria, but more closely related to Eukarya
- Kingdom Protista - contains all unicellular eukaryotes except yeast, multicellular algae
- Kingdom Plantae - organisms w/ cellulose cell walls and perform photosynthesis
- Kingdom Fungi - organisms w/ chitin cell walls and perform absorbtion
- Kingdom Animalia - organisms that ingest other organisms, lack cell walls
evolutionary conservation/similarity - belief that all organisms descended from a single one
- characteristics of that single organism still exist in cells today
- all eukaryotes have nucleus w/ chromosomes
- flagellae in animal kingdom all have 9+2 arrangement of microtubules
- homeodomain protein - found in animal, fungi, plant kingdoms; developed early on and hasn't been replaced by better versions
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