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Protists

protists - probably developed due to endosymbiosis 

  • most diverse kingdom in Eukarya domain
  • symbiotic/aerobic bacteria >> mitochondria
    • most similar to nonsulfur purple bacteria
    • proteins for respiration embedded within folds of membrane
  • symbiotic/photosynthetic bacteria >> chloroplasts
    • 3 different classes of chloroplasts (red, green, algae) >> separate paths of evolution
  • mitochondria/chloroplasts both have their own circular DNA
    • replicates through splitting
    • similar size/membrane structure as prokaryotes
  • evolution of mitosis/cytokinesis not shown in any way
  • about 60 protists don’t have definite places on the phylogeny tree

general protist characteristics - non-fungi, non-plant, non-animal eukaryotes 

  • unicellular/multicellular, some form colonies
  • cell surface - ranges from simple plasma membrane to extracellular material deposits
  • locomotor organelles - provides mov’t
    • mainly through flagella (single or cilia) or pseudopodial (false foot) mov’t
    • lobopodia - large pseudopods used by amoeba
    • filopodia - thin, branching pseudopods
    • axopodia - supported by microtubules to move through extension/retraction
  • cyst formation - dormant forms of cells w/ resistant outer coverings
    • cell metabolism shuts down
  • nutrition - only chemoautotrophic nutrition not used (only found in prokaryotes)
    • phototrophs - photosynthetic
    • phagotrophs - ingests visible food particles
    • osmotrophs - ingests food in soluble form
  • reproduction - usually asexual
    • sexual reproduction during times of stress
    • binary fission - cell splits in 2
    • budding - fission where new cell is much smaller than parent
    • schizogony - multiple fission
Subject: 
Biology
Subject X2: 
Biology

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