HElp Pleaassee

21. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. Ferdinand Magellan explored the North American coast from the Carolinas to Newfoundland,
b. Jacques Carder explored the coasts of Newfoundland, Quebec, and Nova Scotia and ascended the St. Lawrence,
c. Henry Hudson established the first successful European settlement in North America.
d. John Cabot rounded South Ame'rica and crossed the Pacific to the Philippines, where he died; one of his ships became the first to sail around the world.
e. Christopher Columbus crossed the Isthmus of Panama and reached the Pacific.

22. Which of the following statements does not correctly portray an aspect of the "Columbian exchange"?
a. Europe sent deadly germs to the Americas.
b. The Americas sent corn and potatoes to Europe.
c. The Americas sent horses and sheep to Europe.
d. Europeans transported silver to the Americas to finance new settlements,
e. Europe sent coffee and sugar to the Americas.

23. Which of the following is a correct statement about Spanish conquests in the Western Hemisphere?
a. The Spanish triumphed because the Americas lacked any organized, advanced civilizations,
b. Spanish conquests halted a century-long decline in population throughout Central and South America,
c. The racist underpinnings of Spanish society prevented any mixing of Europeans and native peoples in the Americas.
d. Spanish settlements incorporated Native American culture more successfully than any other European settlements.
e. The Spanish church and government attempted to curb the excesses and abuses of the conquistadors.

24. One of the events considered to have been pivotal for the Plains Indians was
a. the introduction of the horse between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries
b. the devastating earthquake of 1601
c. the founding of Santa Fe in 1610.
d. the death of Juan Ponce de Leon
e. the arrival of French soldiers and sailors in 1541

25. What was the primary object of Spanish explorers in the Northwest?
a. agricultural land
b. gold
c. land
d. a fountain of youth
e. furs

26. The first permanent European settlement on future United States soil was
a. Jamestown, Virginia.
b. Quebec, Canada
c. St. Augustine, Florida
d. Plymouth, Massachusetts
e. Santa Fe, New Mexico

27. Which of the following was the location of a successful early French settlement in North America?
a.. the St. Lawrence Valley
b. South Carolina
c. Jacksonville,
d. Florida Fort Nassau
e. none of the above

28. In the 1570s, what were England's objectives in the Western Hemisphere?
a. to find the Northwest Passage and to harass the Spanish
b. to find a steady source of furs for aristocratic English women
c. to convert the Native Americans to Protestantism and to establish colonies
d. to discover new sources of gold and to develop new markets for English goods
e. to lay claim to new fishing beds and to find an outpost to which they could exile Irish rebels

45. A man's right to vote for governor and members of the General Court in seventeenth-century Massachusetts was based on
a. land ownership.
b. wealth.
c. length of residence in America
d. his ancestry.
e. church membership.

46. The siege of Santa Fe
a. led to the defeat of the Taos Indians.
b. was one battle in the continuing war between the Taos and Apache Indians,
c. was the first in a long series of battles between the Taos Indians and the Spanish,
d. marked the end of the Spanish empire and the beginning of French predominance.
e. brought the Spanish into a head-on collision with the French over control of New Mexico's capital, Santa Fe.

47. The main purpose of France's North American empire was to
a. convert native Americans to Christianity.
b. support trade with the Indians for furs.
c. pressure the British into ending their expansion.
d. block attempts by the Dutch to gain a monopoly of the sugar trade,
e. provide a location for French Protestants to worship without fear of persecution.

48. What was the most important factor in France's ability to hold its vast North American domain against Spanish and English expansion?
a. the presence of a large and expensive French army
b. the construction of fortified missions by the coureurs de bois
c. good relations with the Native Americans
d. technological superiority '
e. the establishment of thriving and stable communities throughout New France

49. In the late seventeenth century, the Spanish neglected Texas because
a. the French were already firmly in control of the area,
b. Spanish missionaries were preoccupied with California,
c. Spain and England were engaged in a series of bloody European wars.
d. Texas was believed to be a malarial swamp,
e. an Indian revolt posed a serious threat to Spanish rule in New Mexico.

50. Spanish colonization of the borderlands depended mainly on the efforts of
a. Catholic missionaries.
b. cattle herders.
c. farmers.
d. Spanish military forces.
e. fur traders.

51. During the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, how did native Americans fare in Spain's American territories?
a. Mission life helped them to keep together and preserve their traditional work habits and language.
b. Because they were exposed to Old World diseases, they fell victim to terrible epidemics
c. Spanish colonial administrators enslaved Native Americans to work in silver mines.
d. Spanish soldiers slaughtered Native Americans whenever they resisted the efforts of missionaries.
e. all of the above

52. Which of the following statements accurately compares the French and Spanish colonists' relations with Native Americans with those of the British colonists by the eighteenth century?
a. Spanish and French colonies were concentrated in strategic missions or trading posts to fight the Indians, while the English colonists ranged throughout eastern North America and enjoyed cordial relations with Indians.
b. The Spanish, French, and English colonies all had antagonistic relations with Native Americans.
c. Spanish and French colonies were spread thin and depended on Indian goodwill, while the English colonies were compact, expansionist, and antagonistic toward Native Americans.
d. There were few significant differences. French, Spanish, and British actions all resulted in the destruction of Native American culture.
e. English settlers had strong religious convictions and therefore cultivated Indian goodwill, while French and Spanish settlers attempted to exterminate Native Americans.

20. Which of the following statements about Christopher Columbus is correct?
a. He was using outdated calculations and estimates about the earth's circumference and Asia's eastward thrust,
b. He had been recruited by the King and Queen of Spain to be the agent of Spanish territorial expansion,
c. He embarked on his expedition with limited navigating experience,
d. His sole goal was to glorify his god, and he thought nothing of personal gain or even the finances of his expedition.
e. He was simply one of about a dozen would-be explorers who roamed Europe endlessly hawking their enterprises.

21. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. Ferdinand Magellan explored the North American coast from the Carolinas to Newfoundland,
b. Jacques Carder explored the coasts of Newfoundland, Quebec, and Nova Scotia and ascended the St. Lawrence,
c. Henry Hudson established the first successful European settlement in North America.
d. John Cabot rounded South Ame'rica and crossed the Pacific to the Philippines, where he died; one of his ships became the first to sail around the world.
e. Christopher Columbus crossed the Isthmus of Panama and reached the Pacific.

22. Which of the following statements does not correctly portray an aspect of the "Columbian exchange"?
a. Europe sent deadly germs to the Americas.
b. The Americas sent corn and potatoes to Europe.
c. The Americas sent horses and sheep to Europe.
d. Europeans transported silver to the Americas to finance new settlements,
e. Europe sent coffee and sugar to the Americas.

23. Which of the following is a correct statement about Spanish conquests in the Western Hemisphere?
a. The Spanish triumphed because the Americas lacked any organized, advanced civilizations,
b. Spanish conquests halted a century-long decline in population throughout Central and South America,
c. The racist underpinnings of Spanish society prevented any mixing of Europeans and native peoples in the Americas.
d. Spanish settlements incorporated Native American culture more successfully than any other European settlements.
e. The Spanish church and government attempted to curb the excesses and abuses of the conquistadors.

24. One of the events considered to have been pivotal for the Plains Indians was
a. the introduction of the horse between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries
b. the devastating earthquake of 1601
c. the founding of Santa Fe in 1610.
d. the death of Juan Ponce de Leon
e. the arrival of French soldiers and sailors in 1541

25. What was the primary object of Spanish explorers in the Northwest?
a. agricultural land
b. gold
c. land
d. a fountain of youth
e. furs

26. The first permanent European settlement on future United States soil was
a. Jamestown, Virginia.
b. Quebec, Canada
c. St. Augustine, Florida
d. Plymouth, Massachusetts
e. Santa Fe, New Mexico

27. Which of the following was the location of a successful early French settlement in North America?
a.. the St. Lawrence Valley
b. South Carolina
c. Jacksonville,
d. Florida Fort Nassau
e. none of the above

28. In the 1570s, what were England's objectives in the Western Hemisphere?
a. to find the Northwest Passage and to harass the Spanish
b. to find a steady source of furs for aristocratic English women
c. to convert the Native Americans to Protestantism and to establish colonies
d. to discover new sources of gold and to develop new markets for English goods
e. to lay claim to new fishing beds and to find an outpost to which they could exile Irish rebels

1. According to George Whitefield,
a. the Anglican clergy had abandoned Calvinist doctrine in favor of reason.
b. wives should question their husbands' piety,
c. slaves had souls,
d. members of congregations were as good as, if not better than, their ministers,
e. all of the above.

2. After 1660, the English
a. began a new wave of colony building.
b. turned inward to reform their own society rather than establish, new societies across the seas.
c. embarked on an era of free trade by repealing most parliamentary acts dealing with overseas commerce.
d. abandoned Canada to the French.
e. outlawed royal ownership of overseas colonies.

3. The only British colony on the North American mainland to have a black majority in the eighteenth century was
a. Georgia
b. Virginia
c. South Carolina.
d. Maryland.
e. Delaware.

4. Which of the following is one of the reasons that the cultivation of rice changed South Carolina society dramatically?
a. Rice cultivation required the use of slaves.
b. The price of rice had risen dramatically, making rice farmers fabulously wealthy,
c. The discovery of a profitable crop meant that there would be more work for thousands of indentured servants

5. King George's War and the French and Indian Wars resulted in all of the following except:
a. expulsion of Spain from North America.
b. expulsion of France from North America.
c. a fusing of bonds between the British and Anglo-Americans.
d. planting seeds of misunderstanding, suspicion, and hostility between the British and Anglo-Americans.
e. All of these were results of the wars.

6. Which of the following European wars is correctly matched with its American name?
a. Seven Years' War: Queen Anne's War
b. War of the Austrian Succession: King George's War
c. War of the League of Augsburg: George Whitefield's War
d. War of the Spanish Succession: French and Indian Wars
e. none of the above

d. Because rice could be grown on small farms, with minimal capital investment, South Carolina became a society of small farmers,
e. Vast areas of the interior were opened up to rice cultivation.

7. As a result of King George's War,
a. the French were expelled from North .America.
b. four thousand New Englanders were killed in a futile assault on the French bastion of Louisburg.
c. the English captured and then returned the French fort on the northern tip of Nova Scotia, guarding the entrance to the St. Lawrence River,
d. France was established as the dominant power in North
America,
e. Spain surrendered Florida to England, and France took control of Louisburg.

8. The treatment of the Tuscarora and Yamasee Indians in North Carolina during the early eighteenth century- demonstrated that
a. English settlers should have been able to use Native Americans instead of black slaves for rice and tobacco cultivation,
b. Native American resistance would not significantly hinder white expansion in the Carolinas.
c. Plantation agriculture provided ideal conditions for Indians,
d. Native American tribes could resist white expansion by remaining unified,
e. the British Parliament was too quick to send troops when it thought that English settlers were in danger.

9. As a result of the Stono Rebellion,
a. South Carolina planters engineered a series of reforms that helped create a more open and equal society.
b. the king of England took direct control by ending proprietary rule and transforming North and South Carolina into royal colonies.
c. a harsh new code was instituted to keep slaves under constant surveillance and ensure that masters disciplined their slaves.
d. the last vestiges of Native American resistance to white expansion were eliminated.
e. Native Americans won the right to use English ships of war.

10. Which of the following statements correctly represents one aspect of relations between the French and Indians in Louisiana?
a. The Indians provided French merchants with corn, bear oil, tallow, and deerskins.
b. The Indians sold French merchants handmade blankets, kettles, axes, chickens, and hogs.
c. The French sold the Indians horses and cattle that had been stolen from Spanish ranches.
d. Indians became partners with t he French in Louisiana's lucrative silver mines.
e. The French drove the Kickapoos, Mascoutens, Shawnees, and Delawares out of Louisiana.
11. What was the environmental impact of the rapid expansion of English settlement in the East?
a. deforestation
b. destruction of the rabbit and possum populations
c. overpopulation in New York and Boston
d. drying up of many swamps
e. development of new methods to prevent soil erosion

12. The last two Stuart kings
a. tried to reign as absolute monarchs.
b. disliked representative government,
c. tried to centralize colonial government,
d. were Charles II and James II.
e. all of the above

13. Who was responsible for the following: jailing citizens; forcing a Boston Puntan congregation to share its meetinghouse with an Anglican minister; looking into the finances of Harvard College; enforcing the Navigation Acts; and suppressing the colonial legislature?
a. William of Orange
b. Jacob Leisler
c. Sir Edmund Andros
d. George Whitefield
e. Thomas Hutchinson

14. The Glorious Revolution in England touched off rebellion in all of the following colonies except
a. Massachusetts. :
b. New York.
c. Maryland. .
d. South Carolina.
e. None of the above. The Glorious Revolution had very little impact on England's North American colonies.

15. Which of the following correctly describes the impact of the Glorious Revolution in one of the colonies?
a. Maryland: Protestants seize the capital, Maryland becomes a royal colony, and Catholics lose the right to vote.
b. Massachusetts: Dominion of New England is dismantled, the colony regains the right to elect its own governor, and New Hampshire is reunited with Massachusetts.
c. Georgia: Catholics seize control from the Protestant elite and repeal the Act of Toleration.
d. New York: Revolt by a captain in the militia is swiftly suppressed, and New York remains a Stuart stronghold until 1720.
e. Pennsylvania: Quakers are ousted from most government positions and the colony becomes a royal province with a governor chosen by the king.
16. Which of the following resulted from King William's and Queen Anne's wars?
a. The French were driven from the North American continent.
b. The Stuart kings were driven from power.
c. The wars heightened Anglo-Americans' sense of British identity and made them feel dependent on the mother country for protection.
d. King William gained the throne of Spain when he married Queen Anne.
e. The British captured New Orleans and started to settle Louisiana.

17. Who bore the bloodiest fighting in the course of King William's War?
a. the English
b. the Iroquois
c. the Leislerians
d. the French
e. the Spanish

18. How was eighteenth-century colonial settlement affected by the Native American populations?
a. Resistance from various Native American tribes restricted the growth of European settlements,
b. Native .Americans encouraged English settlement as a way of protecting themselves from the French and Spanish,
c. Native Americans negotiated treaties that contained European settlers to a 100-mile-wide strip along the Atlantic coast,
d. Through the depopulation and dislocation of Native Americans, European colonial settlements were able to expand rapidly,
e. all of the above.

19. What was the main reason the population of the British North American colonies shot up in the eighteenth century?
a. high birthrate
b. a decade of bumper rice crops
c. immigration from Europe
d. discovery of wonder drugs to cure diseases
e. conclusion of the wars with the Spanish and French

20. On average how many children did colonial women have?
a. 5
b. 8
c. 15
d. 1.3
e. 21

21. Eighteenth-century European immigrants to the British North American colonies
a. tended to settle in large urban areas in New England, New York, and New Jersey,
b. were usually middle- and upper-middle-class professionals or skilled artisans,
c. included large numbers of Irish and Germans and declining proportions of English,
d. stayed in the colonies, on average, only four years before returning to live in Europe,
e. included large numbers of murderers dumped on American shores by the British government.

22. Which of the thirteen colonies was the last to be settled and the only one to receive some financial assistance from the British government?
a. Georgia
b. the Carolinas
c. Vermont
d. Pennsylvania
e. Delaware

23. Which of the following statements about Georgia is not correct?
a. It was supposed to flourish by exporting expensive commodities such as wine and silk, b. For a time it was the only English colony where slavery was forbidden.
c. It enjoyed good relations with southeastern Indian tribes,
d. In its first decade, half of Georgia's immigrants came from Germany, Switzerland, and Scotland, and most had their overseas passage paid by the government,
e. It was populated by large numbers of debtors who otherwise would have had to rot in jail.

24. Mercantilism was
a. an economic theory carefully elaborated by Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations.
b. a government policy aimed at achieving national economic self-sufficiency.
d. a colonial American policy of trading primarily with England in order to strengthen political and economic ties, a theory of business organization in which merchants formed joint stock companies to pool their capital,
e. all of the above

25. The British Navigation Acts affected the economics of colonial America in all the following ways except that
a. American producers of items such as silk, iron, dyes, hemp, and lumber were paid bounties by the British government,
b. imperial trade goods had to be carried in British ships.
c. colonial clothing manufacturers were heavily subsidized so that they could meet the demand in England,
d. colonial products such as tobacco, rice, furs, indigo, and naval stores had to be shipped through England before going to foreign nations,
e. British West Indian sugar producers benefited at the expense of their French rivals.

28. Which of the following correctly suggests the conditions of landownership among farm families in well-settled areas?
a. Land was usually cheaper than manure.
b. Those who wished to own land usually had to concentrate on full-time agricultural work,
c. Because of low interest rates and small down payments, families were able to pay off their mortgages within five years,
d. The great majority of landowners could not provide their children with land when they married,
e. Because of the rapid grown in population, land was becoming scarce and the price of land made it difficult for average people to own their own homes.

26. Why did few colonial Americans object to the British navigation system after 1700?
a. The restrictions stimulated the development of an American merchant marine and American maritime industries,
b. Parliament never restricted products such as grain, livestock, fish, lumber, or rum, which accounted for 60 percent of colonial exports.
c. Tobacco growers were given a monopoly of the British market, and their income was reduced only slightly,
d. The regulations primarily burdened tobacco and rice exporters, whose income was reduced by less than 3%.
e. all of the above

27. Which of the following statements about women in eighteenth-century America is correct?
a. Women could not inherit their parents' land. Only sons could legally inherit family estates,
b. Women could not choose their own husbands. The choice was made by their parents, c. Women in rural and urban families played an important part in helping to support their households,
d. Women were encouraged to join local militias as a way of establishing their independence from their husbands,
e. Women had legal control over their dowries and other property that they brought with them into marriage.

29. Which of the following was not a typical condition in eighteenth-century American cities?
a. declining population because of out migration to regions beyond the mountains where land was available
b. poor rolls that were bulging with the survivors of mariners lost at sea
c. contagious disease running rampant because of poor sanitation
d. longer spells of unemployment and declining wages
e. inhabitants who were caught in a downward spiral of declining opportunity

30. Compared with indentured servants, slaves
a. ate more.
b. worked for a far longer portion of their lives.
c. were healthier.
d. had a shorter work week but less vacation time.
e. all of the above
31. If you lived in 1750 and were talking about a member of the gentry, what might you say about him?
a. "He says that it is more sensible to buy land, servants, or slaves than luxuries."
b. "I often see him driving his wagon to cockfights."
c. "He recently received a shipment of costly English fashions and expensive chinaware that he is going to use at the elegant formal he is holding three weeks hence."
d. "The town gossip is that he is deeply in debt and has yet to accumulate enough savings to purchase a farm of his own."
e. "He doesn't fit in because of his extreme wealth. He should return to England."

32. After the middle of the eighteenth century, what was the generally accepted objective of Chesapeake landowners such as George Washington and Thomas Jefferson?
a. to concentrate all the estate's resources on the profitable cultivation of one crop
b. to refinance their operations by using slaves as collateral for new loans
c. to free themselves from the economic cycles of the English market by developing new markets in France or Spain
d. to achieve self-sufficiency on their estates and to diversify away from dependence on a single crop
e. to have a simpler life by selling off land and retiring to the country.

33. What was the typical qualification for holding office in eighteenth-century English colonies, outside of New England?
a. property ownership of at least 1,000 acres
b. there were none; any voter could hold office
c. membership in the Anglican church
d. a high school diploma and the $100 registration fee
e. being born in the colonies, or having lived there at least thirty-five years

34. Which of the following could vote in the English colonies?
a. women
b. African Americans
c. Native Americans
d. indentured servants
e. none of the above

35. To which branch of government did the colonial gentry turn to defend their own interests?
a. the crown in London
b. the lower house of the legislature (the assembly)
c. the judiciary
d. the upper house of the legislature (the council)
e. the executive branch (the governor)

36. The considerable powers that colonial governors possessed included all of the following except
a. the right to veto acts.
b. the power to call or dismiss assembly sessions at will.
c. control over taxes and the budget.
d. the authority to schedule elections at any time.
e. These were all powers possessed by colonial governors.

37. Which of the following was not one of Benjamin Franklin's accomplishments?
a. initiating a movement to encourage organized churches to resolve their theological differences
b. establishing Philadelphia's first volunteer fire company
c. organizing the American Philosophical Society
d. earning enough money to retire by the age of forty-two
e. inspiring the creation of a circulating library

38. What did most eighteenth-century American intellectuals think about science?
a. They suspected that the mysteries of the universe were too complex for any human to truly understand,
b. They thought that science amounted to little more than turning lead into gold and experimenting with balloons,
c. They believed that science could be useful because it could make everyone's life more comfortable,
d. They feared that science could pose the greatest threat to organized religion since the Reformation,
e. all of the above

39. Deists
a. argued that the only true knowledge was religious truth, and that God was unknowable, b. insisted that where the Bible conflicted with reason, one she follow the words of the Bible rather than the false dictates reason,
c. believed in a God who had created a perfect universe and then allowed it to operate according to natural laws,
d. claimed that the best argument against the existence of God could be derived through the study of nature's harmony and order,
e. believed that the Church of England had to be purged of Roman Catholic influences and merged with the Presbyterian church.

40. The Great Awakening was
a. an attempt at opening the eyes of Americans to the need for a more rational American religion,
b. the realization by the colonial elites that regulations imposed upon them by the Board of Trade were restricting their liberties,
c. a movement by American religious leaders to reunite many warring sects into one Protestant church,
d. a scientific movement in which people were encouraged to observe the natural world with the naked eye.
e. a revival movement that emphasized the corruption of human nature, the fury of divine wrath, and the need for immediate repentance.

41. New Light preachers like Gilbert Tennent shook the foundations the social order by sowing seeds of doubt about
a. ministers
b. merchants
c. royal governors.
d. scientists
e. imperial tax collectors.

42. Which of the following was not a long-term effect of the Great Awakening?
a. the founding of new colleges such as Columbia, Princeton, Brown, Rutgers, and Dartmouth
b. the decline in the influence of Presbyterians, Baptists, and Methodists, and the increasing importance of Quakers, Anglicans, and Congregationalists
c. the emergence of black Protestantism
d. the fostering of religious toleration by blurring theological differences among New Lights
e. None of the above. These were all long-term effects of the Great Awakening.

43. The situation in Mose, Florida, demonstrates
a. the instability of a colony defended by black militia.
b. the Spanish belief in racial equality.
c. the role of African Americans in Anglo-Spanish colonial rivalries,
d. the constructive .result of the collaboration of blacks and Indians.
e. none of the above