- Mongol Domination -early to mid 1200’s, they introduce “oriental despotism” to Russia, and during this period Moscow grows and flourishes.
- Peter the Great – ruled from 1696 t0 1725, during which time he initiated many internal reforms in order to westernize Russia. He defeated the Swedes in the battle of Poltava and is responsible for building St. Petersberg
- Tsarist Russia – the Romanovs ruled as tsars of Russia from 1613 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. They exercised complete power
- Catherine the Great – ruled from 1762 to 1796. She is considered to be an enlightened monarch because of her internal reforms, which she later abolished in order to please the nobility
- Russian Revolution of 1917 – the Tsarist regime is overthrown and Kerensky and the Provisional government rule. It was unpopular and ultimately failed due to the governments staying in WWI
- Bolshevik Revolution – 1917 Lenin and the Bolsheviks overthrow the Provisional government. They take Rusiia out of WWI. A civil war breaks out between the Bolshevik Red army and the White army, which consisted of the Lenin’s political enemies. The Red army wins.
- Communism – a form of government in which there is no social distinction and the government controls all of the economy. Karl Marx is credited with being the father of Communism
- Lenin – planned and led the Bolshevik revolution and led communist Russia until 1924. He created the New Economic Policy to rebuild agriculture and industry
- April Theses – The theses stated the Bolshevik’s views toward the provisional government and Lenin’s plan for governing Russia
- Joseph Stalin – Rules after Lenin and is responsible for the five year plans. He further centralized the government and initiated the Great Purges
- Five-Year Plans - Plans to rapidly modernize Russian industry and collectivize farmland
- Influence on Eastern Europe – After WWII most Eastern European countries are satellite states to the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact troops put down all anti communist revolutions
- Warsaw Pact – military pact like NATO except for Eastern Europe
- Command economy – An economy where the government controls all industry and there is one central source making all of the decisions. The government decides the price, type and quantity of all things that are manufactured. NO private ownership.
- Afghanistan – Russians invaded Afghanistan in 1979, it was like a Russian version of the Vietnam War, the costs of the war further crippled the Russian economy
- Collapse of USSR 1990-1991 – The communist regimes of Russia and the other Eastern European Nations crumble
- Gorbachev – initiated internal reforms. He is responsible for Glasnost and Perestroika. He abandoned the Brezhnev doctrine, allowing Eastern European countries to become democracies without Russian interference
- Perestroika – restructuring, with respect to the economy and decentralizing of government
- Glasnost – openness and truth with respect to current and previous problems of the government
- Boris Yeltsin – Leads Russia after Gorbachev. He is the first elected leader of Russia and its first president. In 1991 he fought a coup to overthrow the government and was thought of as a hero for saving Russia from the renewal of tyranny and the Cold War.
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