Terms : Hide Images
| 53684401 | Anatomy | the study of the structure of an organism | |
| 53684402 | Physiology | The study of the functions of an organism | |
| 53684403 | tissues | an integrated group of cells with a common structure and function | |
| 53684404 | epithelial tissue | sheets of tightly packed cells that line organs and body cavities | |
| 53684405 | connective tissue | animal tissue that functions mainly to bind and suport other tissues having a sparse population of cells scattered through an extracellular matrix | |
| 53684406 | nervous tissue | tissue made up of neurons and supportive cells | |
| 53684407 | muscle tissue | tissue consisting of long muscle cells that are capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses | |
| 53684408 | organs | a specialized center of body function composed of several different types | |
| 53684409 | organs systems | a group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions | |
| 53684410 | interstitial fluid | the internal environment of vertebrates consisting of the fluid filling the spaces between cells | |
| 53684411 | effector | a muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's response to stimuli responds to signals from the brain or other processing centers of the nervous system | |
| 53684412 | negative feedback system | a primary mechanism of homeostasis physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation | |
| 53684413 | endothermic | describes a reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings | |
| 53684414 | exothermic | gives off heat | |
| 53684415 | metabolic rate | rate of energy expenditure by the body | |
| 53684416 | essential nutrients | a chemical element that is required for a plant to grow from a seed and complete the life cycle producing another generation of seeds | |
| 53684417 | essential amino acids | lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, and histidine | |
| 53684418 | essential fatty acids | Linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid | |
| 53684419 | vitamins | an organic molecule required in the diet in very small amount, they serve primarily as coenzymes or parts of coenzymes | |
| 53684420 | minerals | in nutrition a chemical element other than hydrogen oxygen or nitrogen that an organism requires for proper body function | |
| 53684421 | herbivore | a heterotrphic animal that eats plants | |
| 53684422 | omnivore | an animal that feeds on both animal and vegetable substances | |
| 53684423 | carnivore | eats other animals | |
| 53684424 | ingestion | a heterotrphic mode of nutrition in which other organisms or detritus are eaten whole or in pieces | |
| 53684425 | digestion | the process of breaking down food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb | |
| 53684426 | absorption | the uptake of small nutrient molecules by an organisms own body the 3rd main stage of food processing following digestion | |
| 53684427 | enzymatic hydrolysis | the process in digestion that splits macromolecules from food by the enzymatic addition of water | |
| 53684428 | elimination | the passing of undigested material out of the digestive compartment | |
| 53684429 | intracellular digestion | the joinging of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell | |
| 53684430 | extracellular digestion | the breakdown of food outside cells | |
| 53684431 | gastrovascular cavity | an extensive pouch that serves as the site of extracellular digestion and a passageway to disperse materials throughout most of an animal's body | |
| 53684432 | alimentary canals | a digestive tract consisting of a tube running between a mouth and an anus | |
| 53684433 | salivary amylase | enzyme that hydrolyzes starch | |
| 53684434 | bolus | a lubricated ball of chewed food | |
| 53684435 | pharynx | an area in the vertebrate throat where air and food passage cross; in flat worms, the muscular tube that protrudes from the ventral side of the worm and ends in the mouth | |
| 53684436 | epiglottis | a cartilaginous flap that blocks the top of the wind pipe, the glottis, durring swallowing, which prevents the entry of food or fluid into the respiratory system | |
| 53825299 | esophagus | a channel that conducts food by peristalsis from the pharynx to the stomach | |
| 53825300 | peristalsis | rhysthmic waves of contraction of smooth muscle that push food along the digestive tract | |
| 53825301 | gastric juices | a thin, clear, virtually colorless acidic fluid secreted by the stomach glands and active in promoting digestion. | |
| 53825302 | pepsin | an enzyme that adds carbon dioxide to phosphoenolpyruvate to form okaloacetate, An enzyme present in gastric juice that begins the hydrolysis of proteins | |
| 53825303 | pepsinogen | first secreted by specialized cells located in gastric pits of the stomach | |
| 53825304 | acid chyme | a mixture of recently swallowed food and gastric juice | |
| 53825305 | pyloric sphincter | in the vertebrate digestive tract a muscular ring that regulates the passage of food out of the stomach and into the small intestine | |
| 53825306 | small intestine | the longest section of the almentary canal. it is the principal site of the enzymatic hydrolysis of food macromolecules and the absorption of nutrients | |
| 53825307 | duodenum | the first section of the small intestine where acid chyme from the stomach mixes with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and gland cells of the intestinal wall | |
| 53825308 | bile | a mixture of substances that is produced in the liver stored in the gallbladder and acts as a detergent to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats | |
| 53825309 | carbohydrates | a sugar or one of its dimmers or polymers | |
| 53825310 | pancreatic amylase | Enzyme that breaks down starch into disaccharides (Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose) | |
| 53825311 | trypsin | an enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine | |
| 53825312 | chymotrypsin | an enzyme found in the duodenum. it is specific for peptide bonds adjacent to certain amino acids | |
| 53825313 | dipeptidases | an enzyme found attached to the intestinal lining. it splits small peptides | |
| 53825314 | carboxypeptidase | an enzyme found within the small intestine that splits off one amino acid at a time beginning at the end of the polypeptide that has a free carboxyl group | |
| 53825315 | aminopeptidase | an enzyme found within the small intestine that splits off one amino acid at a time beginning at the opposite end of the polypeptide containing a free carboxyl group | |
| 53825316 | nucleic acids | blueprint for proteins | |
| 53825317 | emulsification | the process that keeps tiny fat droplets from coalescing | |
| 53825318 | lipase | an enzyme that hydrolyzes fat molecules in the intestinal lumen | |
| 53825319 | villi | a fingerlike projection of the inner surface of the small intestine | |
| 53825320 | microvilli | one of many fine, fingerlike projections of the epithelial cells in the lumen of the small intestine that increase its surface area | |
| 53825321 | lacteal | a tiny lymph vessel extending into the core of an intestinal villus and serving as the destination for absorbed chylomicrons | |
| 53825322 | gastrin | a disgestive hormone secreted by the stomach that stimulates the secretion of gastric juices | |
| 53825323 | enterogastrones | a category of hormones secreted by the wall of the duodenum | |
| 53825324 | secretion | the discharge of wastes from the blood into the filtrate from the nephron tubules in the kidney | |
| 53825325 | cholescystokin | a hormone released from the walls of the duodenum in response to the presence of amino acids or fatty acids | |
| 53825326 | large intestine | the last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body | |
| 53825327 | colon | the tubular portion of the vertebrate alimentary tract between the small intestine and the anus, functions mainly in the water absorption and the formation of feces | |
| 53825328 | appendix | a small fingerlike extension of the vertebrate cecum; contains a mass of white blood cells that contribute to immunity | |
| 53825329 | rectum | the terminal portion of the large intestine where the feces are stored until they are eliminated |
