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| 5254989542 | Mansa Musa | Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East. | 0 | |
| 5254989543 | Stateless societies | African societies organized around kinship or other forms of obligation and lacking the concentration of political power and authority associated with states | 1 | |
| 5254989544 | secret societies | West African societies whose membership is secret or whose rituals are known only to society members. Their most significant function is the initiation of boys and girls into adulthood | 2 | |
| 5254989545 | Ifriqiya | Arabic term for eastern northern Africa | 3 | |
| 5254989546 | Maghrib | The Arabic word for western north Africa | 4 | |
| 5254989547 | Berbers | A member of a North African, primarily Muslim people living in settled or nomadic tribes from Morocco to Egypt | 5 | |
| 5254989548 | Almohadis | A reformist movement among the Islamic Berbers of northern Africa; later than the Almoravids; penetrated into sub-Sahara Africa. | 6 | |
| 5254989549 | Ethiopian Kingdom | Christian kingdom in the highlands of eastern Africa | 7 | |
| 5254989550 | Axum | The Christian state in Africa that developed its own branch of Christianity, Coptic Christianity, because it was cut off from other Christians due to a large Muslim presence in Africa. | 8 | |
| 5254989551 | Ghana | First known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E. Also the modern West African country once known as the Gold Coast. gold and salt trade. | 9 | |
| 5254989552 | Sudanic states | Kingdoms that developed during the height of Ghana's power in the region; based at Takrur on the Senegal River to the west and Gao on the Niger River to the east; included Mali and Songhay | 10 | |
| 5254989553 | Juula | Malinke merchants; formed small partnerships to carry out trade throughout Mali empire; eventually spread throughout much of West Africa | 11 | |
| 5254989554 | Sudiata | "the lion prince" creates a law code and created social arrangements based on clans | 12 | |
| 5254989555 | Griots | a west African storyteller | 13 | |
| 5254989556 | Mansa Kankan Musa | Ruler of Mali (r. 1312-1337). His pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world. | 14 | |
| 5254989557 | Timbuktu | City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. It was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000. As part of the Mali empire, Timbuktu became a major major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning. | 15 | |
| 5254989558 | Songhay | Successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of Niger valley; formed as independent kingdom under a Berber dynasty; capital at Gao; reached imperial status under Sunni Ali | 16 | |
| 5254989559 | Sunni Ali Ber | (1464-1492) Originally Ali Kolon, a great tactical commander & ruthless leader; his cavalry expanded the borders of and seized the traditional trading cities of Timbuktu & Jenne; middle Niger valley fell under his control & he developed a system of provincial administration to mobilize recruits for the army & rule the far-flung conquests; he was Muslim; succeeded by the Askiya | 17 | |
| 5254989560 | Askia | one of the last rulers of Songhai, before it broke apart, recognized as the Muslim ruler of the Niger River Valley | 18 | |
| 5254989561 | Muhammad the Great | Extended the boundaries of the Songhay Empire; Islamic ruler of the mid-16th century | 19 | |
| 5254989562 | Hausa | An agricultural and trading people of central Sudan in West Africa. Aside from their brief incorporation into the Songhai Empire, the Hausa city-states remained autonomous until the Sokoto Calipphate conquered them in the early nineteenth century. | 20 | |
| 5254989563 | Sharia | Islamic law; a combination of the Quran and the Hadith. | 21 | |
| 5254989564 | Zenji | Arabic term for the people and coast of east Africa. | 22 | |
| 5254989565 | Ile-Ife | the holiest Yoruba city; created terra-cotta and bronze portrait heads that rank among the greatest achievements of African art. | 23 | |
| 5254989566 | Benin | a kingdom that arose near the Niger River delta in the 1300s and became a major West African state in the 1400s | 24 | |
| 5254989567 | Kongo | kingdom based on agriculture; formed on lower Kongo River; capital at Mbanza Kongo; ruled by hereditary monarchy | 25 | |
| 5254989568 | Great Zimbabwe | City, now in ruins (in the modern African country of Zimbabwe), whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state. |  | 26 |
| 5254989569 | Sahel | Belt south of the Sahara where it transitions into savanna across central Africa. It means literally 'coastland' in Arabic. | 27 | |
| 5254989570 | Lalibela | Zagwe king who ruled Ethiopia from about A.D. 1185 to 1225 | 28 | |
| 5254989571 | Almoravids | A puritanical reformist movement among the Islamic Berber tribes of northern Africa; controlled gold trade across Sahara; conquered Ghana in 1076; moved southward against African kingdoms of the savanna and westward into Spain. | 29 | |
| 5254989572 | Ishak al-Sahili | An architect who returned with Kankan Musa to Mali; created a distinctive Sudanic architecture utilizing beaten clay. | 30 | |
| 5254989573 | Swahili | Bantu language with Arabic loanwords spoken in coastal regions of East Africa. | 31 | |
| 5254989574 | Nok | Western Africa's earliest known culture, lived in present day Nigeria, first Africans to smelt iron, Djenne-Djeno (archeology dream site) | 32 | |
| 5254989575 | Yoruba | A West African people who formed several kingdoms in what is now Benin and Southern Nigeria. | 33 | |
| 5254989576 | Ibn Batuta | Muslim traveler of the middle east and north africa | 34 | |
| 5254989577 | Luba | Around 700 A.D. developed a group of loosely associated states in modern day Democratic Republic of Congo. Divine Kings | 35 | |
| 5254989578 | Zimbabwe | Central African royal stone courts |  | 36 |
| 5254989579 | Mwene Mutapa | Name used by Shona people to refer to Mutota that means "conquerer" or "master pillager" | 37 | |
| 5254989580 | Islamization | the process of society's acceptance of islam | 38 | |
| 5254989581 | Matrilineal | relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the mother | 39 | |
| 5254989582 | Mali | State of the Malinke people, centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers | 40 |
