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| 3289058008 | Fort Sumter | South Carolina location where Confederate forces fired the first shots of the Civil War in April of 1861, after Union forces attempted to provision the fort | 0 | |
| 3289058009 | Border states | five slave states - Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia - that did not secede during the Civil War; to keep the states in the Union, Abraham Lincoln insisted that the war was not about abolishing slavery but rather protecting the Union | 1 | |
| 3289058010 | West Virginia | mountainous region that broke away from Virginia in 1861 to form its own state after Virginia seceded from the Union; most of its residents were independent farmers and miners who didn't own slaves and thus opposed the Confederate cause | 2 | |
| 3289058011 | Trent affair | Diplomatic row that threatened to bring the British into the Civil War on the side of the Confederacy, after a Union warship stopped a British steamer and arrested two Confederate diplomats on board | 3 | |
| 3289058012 | Alabama | British-built and manned Confederate warship that raided Union shipping during the Civil War; one of many built by the British for the Confederacy, despite Union protests | 4 | |
| 3289058013 | Laird rams | two well-armed ironclad warships constructed for the Confederacy by a British firm; seeking to avoid war with the United States, the British government purchased the two ships for its Royal Navy instead | 5 | |
| 3289058014 | Dominion of Canada | unified Canadian government created by Britain to bolster Canadians against potential attacks or overtures from the United States | 6 | |
| 3289058015 | writ of habeas corpus | petition requiring law enforcement officers to present detained individuals before the court to examine the legality of the arrest; protects individuals from arbitrary state action; suspended by Lincoln during the Civil War | 7 | |
| 3289058016 | New York draft riots | uprising, mostly of working-class Irish-Americans, in protest of the draft; rioters were particularly incensed by the ability of the rich to hire substitutes or purchase exemptions | 8 | |
| 3289058017 | Morrill Tariff Act | increased duties back up to 1846 levels to raise revenue for the Civil War | 9 | |
| 3289058018 | greenbacks | paper currency issued by the Union Treasury during the Civil War; inadequately supported by gold, these fluctuated in value throughout the war | 10 | |
| 3289058019 | National Banking System | network of member banks that could issue currency against purchased government bonds; created during the Civil War to establish a stable national currency and stimulate the sale of war bonds | 11 | |
| 3289058020 | Homestead Act | a federal law that gave settlers 160 acres of land for about $30 if they lived on it for five years and improved it by, for instance, building a house on it; helped make land accessible to westward-moving settlers, but many people also found disappointment when their land was infertile or they saw speculators grabbing up the best land | 12 | |
| 3289058021 | US Sanitary Commission | founded with the help of Elizabeth Blackwell, the government agency trained nurses, collected medical supplies, and equipped hospitals in an effort to help the Union army; helped professionalize nursing and gave many women the confidence and organizational skills to propel the women's movement in the postwar years | 13 | |
| 3289058022 | Charles Francis Adams | Minister to Great Britain during the Civil War; he wanted to keep Britain from entering the war on the side of the South. | 14 | |
| 3289058023 | Napoleon III | nephew of Napoleon I and emperor of the French from 1852 to 1871; conservatism and nationalism; set up a government in Mexico under Maximilian | 15 | |
| 3289058024 | Maximilian | French viceroy appointed by Napoleon III of France to lead a new government set up in Mexico; after the Civil War, the U.S. invaded and he was executed (application of the Monroe Doctrine) | 16 | |
| 3289058025 | Jefferson Davis | President of the Confederate States of America | 17 | |
| 3289058026 | Elizabeth Blackwell | Abolitionist; women's rights activist; first female doctor in the United States | 18 | |
| 3289058027 | Clara Barton | Nurse during the Civil War; started the American Red Cross | 19 | |
| 3289058028 | Sally Tompkins | Established an infirmary for wounded Confederate soldiers in Richmond, Virginia; first female military officer in American history | 20 |
