Terms : Hide Images
| 612423000 | native americans; land bridge | the first people to settle north america arrived as much as 40,000 years ago and came from asia; they adapted to the varied environments of the regions that they found | |
| 612423001 | renaissance | a rebirth of classical learning and an outburst of artistic and scientific activity in europe | |
| 612423002 | compass; printing press; gunpowder | one aspect of the renaissance was a gradual increase in scientific knowledge and technological change; europeans made improvements in the inventions of others (chinese and arab merchants) | |
| 612423003 | spain; moors | in the middle ages, spain had been partly conquered by muslim invaders and only one moorish stronghold remained; isabella and ferdinand succeeded in defeating the moors of granada | |
| 612423004 | ferdinand and isabella | their uniting of spain was a sign of new leadership, hope, and power for european believers in the roman catholic faith | |
| 612423005 | protestant reformation | in the early 1500s, certain christians in germany, england, france, holland, and other northern european countries revolted against the authority of the pope in rome | |
| 612423006 | nation-state | a country in which the majority of people share both a common culture and common political loyalties toward a central government | |
| 612423007 | christopher columbus | spent 8 years seeking financial support for his plan to sail west from europe to the "indies"; his success in discovering lands on the other side of the ocean brought him a burst of glory in spain but 3 voyages across the atlantic was disappointing; | |
| 612423008 | amerigo vespucci | an italian sailor; the new world was named afer him | |
| 612423009 | papal line of demarcation (1493) | the pope drew a vertical, north-south line on a world map, giving spain all lands to the wet of the line and portugal all lands to the east | |
| 612423010 | treaty of tordesillas (1494) | moved the line papal line a few degrees to the west; signed by spain and portugal | |
| 612423011 | vasco nunez de balboa | made the journey across the isthmus of panama to the pacific ocean | |
| 612423012 | ferdinand megallan | completed a circumnavigation of the world | |
| 612423013 | hernan cortes | defeated the aztecs in mexico | |
| 612423014 | francisco pizzaro | defeated the incas in peru | |
| 612423015 | conquistadores | sent ships loaded with gold and silver back to spain from the new world; increased the gold supply by over 500 percent making spain the richest and most powerful nation in europe | |
| 612423016 | encomienda system | gave grants of land and indians (native americans) to individual spaniards | |
| 612423017 | asiento system | when europeans' brutality and diseases reduced the native american population, the spanish brought slaves from west africa | |
| 612423018 | john cabot | an italian sea captain who was under contract to england's king henry vii; explored the coast of newfoundland in 1497 | |
| 612423019 | giovanni da verrazano | sponsored by the french monarchy; hoped to find a northwest passage leading through the americas to asia; explored part of north america's eastern coast including new york harbor | |
| 612423020 | jacques cartier | explored the st. lawrence river | |
| 612423021 | samuel de champlain | established the first permanent french settlement at quebec, a fortified village on the st. lawrence river | |
| 612423022 | father jacques marquette | explored the upper mississippi river | |
| 612423023 | robert de la salle | explored the mississippi basin, which he named louisiana (after the french king, louis xiv) | |
| 612423024 | henry hudson | hired by the dutch government to seek a northwest passage; sailed up a broad river and established dutch claims to the surrounding area that would become new amsterdam (and later new york) | |
| 612423025 | joint-stock company | given the privilege of taking control of the region for economic gain (dutch west india company) | |
| 612423026 | virginia company; jamestown | chartered by england's king james i and established the first permanent english colony in america in 1607 | |
| 612423027 | captain john smith | with his forceful leadership and the establishment of a tobacco industry by john rolfe, the jamestown colony survived | |
| 612423028 | john rolfe; pocohontas | developed a new variety of tobacco, which became very popular in europe and brought financial prosperity to the colony | |
| 612423029 | royal colony | a colony under the control of a king of queen | |
| 612423030 | puritans | religious reformers who wanted to "purify" the church of catholic influences; james viewed them as a threat to both his religious and political authority and ordered some of them arrested and jailed | |
| 612423031 | plymouth colony | several hundred separatists left england in search of religious freedom; after economic hardship and cultural differences in holland a small group of pilgrims set sail for virginia but landed off the massachusetts coast | |
| 612423032 | separatists | one group of puritans who rejected the idea of simply reforming the church of england | |
| 612423033 | mayflower; mayflower compact | aboard the ship in 1620, the pilgrims drew up and signed a document that pledged them to make decisions by the will of the majority; represented both an early from of colonial self-government and an early (though rudimentary) from of written constitution, establishing the powers and duties of the government | |
| 612423034 | massachusetts bay colony | john wintrhop led about a thousand puritans (who were persecuted by the new king of england, charles i) and sailed for the new world; founded boston and several other towns | |
| 612423035 | john winthrop | led about a thousand puritans and founded the massachusetts bay colony | |
| 612423036 | great migration | a civil war in england in the 1630s drove some 15,000 more settlers to the massachusetts bay colony | |
| 612423037 | virginia house of burgesses | the first representative assembly in america; organized by virginia's colonists |
