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| 7313926507 | native americans; land bridge | the first people to settle north america arrived as much as 40,000 years ago and came from asia; they adapted to the varied environments of the regions that they found | 0 | |
| 7313926508 | renaissance | a rebirth of classical learning and an outburst of artistic and scientific activity in europe | 1 | |
| 7313926509 | compass; printing press; gunpowder | one aspect of the renaissance was a gradual increase in scientific knowledge and technological change; europeans made improvements in the inventions of others (chinese and arab merchants) | 2 | |
| 7313926510 | spain; moors | in the middle ages, spain had been partly conquered by muslim invaders and only one moorish stronghold remained; isabella and ferdinand succeeded in defeating the moors of granada | 3 | |
| 7313926511 | ferdinand and isabella | their uniting of spain was a sign of new leadership, hope, and power for european believers in the roman catholic faith | 4 | |
| 7313926512 | protestant reformation | in the early 1500s, certain christians in germany, england, france, holland, and other northern european countries revolted against the authority of the pope in rome | 5 | |
| 7313926513 | nation-state | a country in which the majority of people share both a common culture and common political loyalties toward a central government | 6 | |
| 7313926514 | christopher columbus | spent 8 years seeking financial support for his plan to sail west from europe to the "indies"; his success in discovering lands on the other side of the ocean brought him a burst of glory in spain but 3 voyages across the atlantic was disappointing; | 7 | |
| 7313926515 | amerigo vespucci | an italian sailor; the new world was named afer him | 8 | |
| 7313926516 | papal line of demarcation (1493) | the pope drew a vertical, north-south line on a world map, giving spain all lands to the west of the line and portugal all lands to the east | 9 | |
| 7313926517 | treaty of tordesillas (1494) | moved the line papal line a few degrees to the west; signed by spain and portugal | 10 | |
| 7313926518 | vasco nunez de balboa | made the journey across the isthmus of panama to the pacific ocean | 11 | |
| 7313926519 | ferdinand megallan | completed a circumnavigation of the world | 12 | |
| 7313926520 | hernan cortes | defeated the aztecs in mexico | 13 | |
| 7313926521 | francisco pizzaro | defeated the incas in peru | 14 | |
| 7313926522 | conquistadores | sent ships loaded with gold and silver back to spain from the new world; increased the gold supply by over 500 percent making spain the richest and most powerful nation in europe | 15 | |
| 7313926523 | encomienda system | gave grants of land and indians (native americans) to individual spaniards | 16 | |
| 7313926524 | asiento system | when europeans' brutality and diseases reduced the native american population, the spanish brought slaves from west africa | 17 | |
| 7313926525 | john cabot | an italian sea captain who was under contract to england's king henry vii; explored the coast of newfoundland in 1497 | 18 | |
| 7313926531 | henry hudson | hired by the dutch government to seek a northwest passage; sailed up a broad river and established dutch claims to the surrounding area that would become new amsterdam (and later new york) | 19 | |
| 7313926532 | joint-stock company | given the privilege of taking control of the region for economic gain (dutch west india company) | 20 | |
| 7313926533 | virginia company; jamestown | chartered by england's king james i and established the first permanent english colony in america in 1607 | 21 | |
| 7313926534 | captain john smith | with his forceful leadership and the establishment of a tobacco industry by john rolfe, the jamestown colony survived | 22 | |
| 7313926535 | john rolfe; pocohontas | developed a new variety of tobacco, which became very popular in europe and brought financial prosperity to the colony | 23 | |
| 7313926536 | royal colony | a colony under the control of a king of queen | 24 | |
| 7313926537 | puritans | religious reformers who wanted to "purify" the church of catholic influences; james viewed them as a threat to both his religious and political authority and ordered some of them arrested and jailed | 25 | |
| 7313926538 | plymouth colony | several hundred separatists left england in search of religious freedom; after economic hardship and cultural differences in holland a small group of pilgrims set sail for virginia but landed off the massachusetts coast | 26 | |
| 7313926539 | separatists | one group of puritans who rejected the idea of simply reforming the church of england | 27 | |
| 7313926540 | mayflower compact | aboard the ship in 1620, the pilgrims drew up and signed a document that pledged them to make decisions by the will of the majority; represented both an early from of colonial self-government and an early (though rudimentary) from of written constitution, establishing the powers and duties of the government | 28 | |
| 7313926541 | massachusetts bay colony | John Winthrop led about a thousand puritans (who were persecuted by the new king of England, Charles I) and sailed for the new world; founded Boston and several other towns | 29 | |
| 7313926542 | john winthrop | led about a thousand puritans and founded the massachusetts bay colony | 30 | |
| 7313926543 | great migration | a civil war in england in the 1630s drove some 15,000 more settlers to the massachusetts bay colony | 31 | |
| 7313926544 | virginia house of burgesses | the first representative assembly in america; organized by virginia's colonists | 32 | |
| 7313943107 | William Bradford | Leader of Plymouth Bay Colony | 33 | |
| 7313946388 | Roger Williams | Religious reformer who fled Boston (MBC) & founded Connecticut. Key idea: Separation of Church & State | 34 | |
| 7313952055 | Anne Hutchinson | Religious reformer who fled the Puritans for teaching that faith alone is needed for salvation | 35 |
