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| 10926073181 | Herodotus | the first great Greek historian; wrote The Histories | 0 | |
| 10926073182 | Homer | a Greek poet who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey | 1 | |
| 10926073183 | Iliad | an epic written by Homer that describes the events of the Trojan War | 2 | |
| 10926073184 | Odyssey | an epic written by Homer that details the adventures of Odysseus | 3 | |
| 10926073185 | Plato | a student of Socrates, opened the Academy; wrote dialogues and believed that "philosopher kings" should make decisions for the people | 4 | |
| 10926073186 | The Republic | a work by Plato that describes an ideal society ruled by a government that rested upon a concept of justice and ethical values | 5 | |
| 10926073187 | Aristotle | a student of Plato; wrote on a wide range of topics such as ethics, logic, and literature | 6 | |
| 10926073188 | Sophocles | a playwright who used the myths of the gods as convenient literary devices for his plays | 7 | |
| 10926073189 | Parthenon | a great temple in Athens that had been destroyed in war with Persia; rebuilt under Pericles' rule | 8 | |
| 10926073190 | Persepolis | the capital of the Achaemenid Empire | 9 | |
| 10926073191 | Socrates | a Greek thinker who emphasized continually asking questions | 10 | |
| 10926073192 | Socratic Method | continually asking questions to systematically clarify another person's ideas and to identify the core of them | 11 | |
| 10926073193 | Academy | a school opened by Plato; taught students to question the nature of ideas | 12 | |
| 10926073194 | Logic | the science of the formal principle of reasoning | 13 | |
| 10926073195 | Empiricism | trusting what one learns from observation and evidence of the senses rather than emphasizing intuition or religious beliefs | 14 | |
| 10926073196 | Syncretic | combining ideas from different sources | 15 | |
| 10926073197 | Zoroastrianism | One of the first monotheistic religions, particularly one with a wide following. It was central to the political and religious culture of ancient Persia. | 16 | |
| 10926073198 | Zarathustra | A Persian prophet, traditionally dated to the sixth or seventh century B.C.E. (but perhaps much older) who founded Zoroastrianism. | 17 | |
| 10926073199 | Cyrus the Great | led the Persians in 559BC to conquer lands from the Aegean Sea to India; rule ended in 529BC | 18 | |
| 10926073200 | Delian League | Alliance between Athens and many of its allied cities following the first attempted invasion of Perisa into Greece. Caused a lot of wealth to flow into Athens and thus contributed to the Athenian "golden age." | 19 | |
| 10926073201 | Darius I | a ruler of the Achaemenid Empire; divided the empire into provinces, formed a bureaucracy, and constructed many public works projects | 20 | |
| 10926073202 | Xerxes | son of Darius; became Persian king. He vowed revenge on the Athenians. He invaded Greece with 180,000 troops in 480 B.C. | 21 | |
| 10926073203 | Peloponnesian League | Sparta and other city-states in Southern Greece formed this alliance after the peninsula on which the cities were located | 22 | |
| 10926073204 | Philip II | Macedonian king who sought to unite Greece under his banner until his death or murder. He was succeeded by his son Alexander. | 23 | |
| 10926073205 | Alexander the Great | Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East. | 24 | |
| 10926073206 | Pericles | ruled over Athens in its Golden Age (461-429BC); rebuilt the Parthenon and reformed the government | 25 | |
| 10926073207 | Polis | Ancient Greek city-state | 26 | |
| 10926073208 | Monarchy | King (or queen) rules the state | 27 | |
| 10926073209 | Aristocracy | Nobles rule the state | 28 | |
| 10926073210 | Oligarchy | A few wealthy landowners and merchants rule | 29 | |
| 10926073211 | Tyrants | leaders who seized power with the people's support | 30 | |
| 10926073212 | Democracy | all citizens participate in government | 31 | |
| 10926073213 | Direct Democracy | a government in which all citizens can vote directly on laws and other issues in a large assembly | 32 | |
| 10926073214 | Representative Democracy | a government in which citizens elect leaders to represent them and give those leaders power to make make laws and govern | 33 | |
| 10926073215 | Crete | An island in the Aegean Sea; home to the Minoans and Knossos | 34 | |
| 10926073216 | Knossos | A beautiful city on Crete, built by the Minoans; for a while the wealthiest city on the Aegean Sea | 35 | |
| 10926073217 | Minoan Civilization | Centered on Crete; grew rich from trade, but little agriculture; no writing from it has been deciphered | 36 | |
| 10926073218 | Persian Wars | 5th-4th centuries BC; conflict between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire resulting from competition | 37 | |
| 10926073219 | Marathon | Site of the famous battle fought between the armies of Persia and the outnumbered Athenians. Athens was victorious and a messenger was sent to run the 26 miles back to the city with the news. | 38 | |
| 10926073220 | Battle of Thermopylae | Battle in which Spartan king Leonidas and his army of 300 Spartans and other Greeks refused to surrender to the numerically superior Persian army at the pass of Thermopylae; they were annihilated to the man but allowed the other Greek forces to prepare for the Persian invasion. | 39 | |
| 10926073221 | Sassanids | A civilization that replaced the Parthians. Right when they were emerging, Rome entered a civil war. Feeling threatened, Valerian attacked them in hopes of uniting Rome. When he lost, the eastern border became even weaker | 40 | |
| 10926073222 | Athens | a powerful polis; known for its political and intellectual achievements | 41 | |
| 10926073223 | Sparta | a powerful polis; known for developing a society organized around producing a powerful military | 42 | |
| 10926073224 | Alexandria, Egypt | One of the cities founded by and named for Alexander the Great; site of ancient Mediterranean's greatest library; center of literary studies | 43 | |
| 10926073225 | Hellenist Period | Culture associated with spread of Greek influence because of Macedonian conquests; Seen as combination of Greek culture with eastern political forms | 44 | |
| 10926073226 | Hoplites | Infantry members recruited by poleis to defend their lands | 45 | |
| 10926073227 | Helots | Slaves in Sparta | 46 | |
| 10926073228 | Satraps | a ruler of a province who was responsible to the emperor, not to local leaders | 47 | |
| 10926073229 | Spartan Women | ran households with greater freedom than other Greek women; received education, owned property, and weren't secluded | 48 | |
| 10926073230 | Common Currency | A form of money that was accepted across the Persian Empire; made trade simpler | 49 | |
| 10926073231 | Royal Road | Spanned 1500 miles across the Persian Empire; built by Darius, encouraged trade | 50 | |
| 10926073232 | Achaemenid | Known as the Persian Empire, biggest empire at the time. Ruled by Cyrus the Great and grew to span 3 continents: Asia, Africa, and Europe. Known for innovaitons in postal systems, road systems, and the usage of an official language. Invaded by Alexander III and afterward collapsed. | 51 | |
| 10926073233 | Solon | A reform-minded aristocrat who lived in the sixth century BCE, became known as a wise ruler who improved life in Athens. He is credited with setting free many Athenians enslaved for debt and limiting the amount of land any one man could own. | 52 | |
| 10926073234 | Mycenae | Never conquered by the Minoans, yet it contained artifacts revealing a number of Minoan cultural ifnluences. | 53 | |
| 10926073235 | Syracuse and Agrigentum | Some of the largest Greek Colonies that was located on the island of Sicily. | 54 | |
| 10926073236 | Merchants | They thought that they should have more of a voice in government and when the aristocrats refused these demands, the merchants joined small farmers to support tyrants. | 55 | |
| 10926073237 | Aristocrats | Nobles who refused merchants demands to have more of a voice in government and was in control. | 56 |
