Terms : Hide Images
| 883975590 | chemistry | considers composition of substances and how they change; study of matter | 0 | |
| 883975591 | biochemistry | branch of science dealing with chemistry of living organisms | 1 | |
| 883975592 | matter | anything that has weight and takes up space; solid, liquid, gas | 2 | |
| 883975593 | elements | fundamental substance made of atoms that are chemically identical; type of matter made of one type of atom | 3 | |
| 883975594 | number of elements, natural, manmade | 116 elements, 92 natural, 24 manmade | 4 | |
| 883975595 | compounds | substances composed of 2 or more different atoms chemically bonded together | 5 | |
| 883975596 | bulk atoms | basic atoms the human body needs in abundance | 6 | |
| 883975597 | trace elements | basic elements the human body needs in small amounts | 7 | |
| 883975598 | ultratrace elements | basic elements the human body needs in very small amounts | 8 | |
| 883975599 | atoms | smallest complete unit of elements that has properties of that element | 9 | |
| 883975600 | chemical bond | an attraction that binds 2+ atoms | 10 | |
| 883975601 | nucleus | central portion of an atom | 11 | |
| 883975602 | electron | negative particle that circles the atoms in 'shell(s)', each atom has at least 1 | 12 | |
| 883975603 | protron | positive particle inside the nucleus, has at least one | 13 | |
| 883975604 | neutron | neutral particle that is inside the nucleus, has at least one | 14 | |
| 883975605 | atomic number | number of protons found in an atom | 15 | |
| 883975606 | atomic weight | combined weight of protons and neutron; electrons hardly have any weight | 16 | |
| 883975607 | isotopes | atoms that have same protrons but different number of neutrons; can be stable or unstable which then breakdown to a more stable atom | 17 | |
| 883975608 | major elements in human body | O(~65%), C (20), H(10) | 18 | |
| 883975609 | how many elements found in human body | 60-70 | 19 | |
| 883975610 | how many elements are completely necessary | 25 different elements | 20 | |
| 883975611 | molecule | when 2+ atoms form a bond | 21 | |
| 883975612 | molecular formula | shorthand used to depict the type and amount of each element in a molecule ie C6H12O6 | 22 | |
| 883975613 | chemical bond | energy that holds atoms together | 23 | |
| 883975614 | electron shell | 1+ shell or spehere regions that circle an atom and where electrons reside , each shell can only hold a certain amount of electrons (2,8,8,16 etc) | 24 | |
| 883975615 | ion | atoms that gain/ lose an electron and become charged; gain become negative, lose become positive | 25 | |
| 883975616 | anion | ion that gains an electron and becomes negatively charged | 26 | |
| 883975617 | cation | ions that loses an electron and becomes positively charged | 27 | |
| 883975618 | ionic bond | (electrocovalent bond)a chemical bond in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another so that one bears a negative and the other a positive charge, the attraction between these opposite charges forming the bond. | 28 | |
| 883975619 | covalent bond | a chemical bond between two atoms or radicals formed by the sharing of a pair (single bond), two pairs (double bond), or three pairs of electrons (triple bond). | 29 | |
| 883975620 | hydrogen bond | a weak, primarily electrostatic, bond between a hydrogen atom bound to a highly electronegative element in a given molecule and a second highly electronegative atom in another molecule or elsewhere in the same molecule; it is usually represented by three dots, e.g., X—H···Y | 30 | |
| 883975621 | ionic compound | ions held together by ionic bonding | 31 | |
| 883975622 | polar | when atoms share electrons unevenly and develop charges at areas (water) | 32 | |
| 883975623 | reactants | starting material in an reaction (atoms, ions, molecules) | 33 | |
| 883975624 | products | atoms, ions, molecules at the end of an reactions | 34 | |
| 883975625 | synthesis | when 2+ atoms, ions, molecules combine A + B -> AB | 35 | |
| 883975626 | decomposition | when a molecules breaks down into 2+ atoms, ions, molecules AB -> A + B | 36 | |
| 883975627 | exchange reactions | when two different molecules will exchange parts making new 2+ different molecules AB + CD -> AD + BC | 37 | |
| 883975628 | reversible reaction | when a reaction can go both ways A + B <-> AB | 38 | |
| 883975629 | catalyst | molecule that influences a reaction, not the direction, and are not consumed | 39 | |
| 883975630 | electrolyte | substances that release ion in water | 40 | |
| 883975631 | acid | electrolytes that release a positive hydrogen in water; strong ones give up their Hs easily weak does not | 41 | |
| 883975632 | base | electrolytes that release a negative OH in water | 42 | |
| 883975633 | salt | what forms when bases react with acids to form water and electrolytes; acids and bases neutralize each other | 43 | |
| 883975634 | pH scale | measured by grams of hydrogen atoms per a liter 1x10(-7)g/L=pH 7 | 44 | |
| 883975635 | normal pH of blood | 7.35-7.45 | 45 | |
| 883975636 | alkalosis | when the pH of blood is between 7.5-7.8; makes one feel agitated and dizzy; caused by breathing rapidly, too many antiacid, anxiety | 46 | |
| 883975637 | acidosis | when the pH of blood is between 7.0-7.3; feels disoriented, fatigued, breathing becomes difficult; caused by severe vomiting, brain damage, lung/kidney disease, increased levels of CO2 | 47 | |
| 883975638 | metabolic acidosis | increase levels of positive hydrogens due to increase acid levels or decrease of bicarbonate | 48 | |
| 883975639 | buffer | chemicals that resist pH changes; will ether take a hydrogen, donate a hydrogen bicarbonate, phosphate, amino acids | 49 | |
| 883975640 | organic chemicals | contain C and H, many dissolve in organic solvents (alcohol) but not water | 50 | |
| 883975641 | inorganic chemicals | molecules that don't have C and H joined together, usually dissolve in water, simple molecules; water, carbon dioxide, inorganic salts, | 51 | |
| 883975642 | nonelectrolytes | molecules that dissolve in water but don't release ions | 52 | |
| 883975643 | the 4 organic substances | Carbohydrates, Lipids, proteins, nucleic acid | 53 | |
| 883975644 | carbohydrate | organic cmpd consisting of c,h,o is 3% of molecular weight made of sugar | 54 | |
| 896503824 | monosaccharide | simple single sugar such as fructose, glucose, galactose containing 3-7 C | 55 | |
| 896503825 | disaccharide | any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield two monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis double simple sugar has 12 C | 56 | |
| 896503826 | polysaccharides | complex sugar, built from simple sugar | 57 | |
| 896503827 | carbohydrate | used for cell structure, energy, reserved energy | 58 | |
| 896503828 | Lipid | insoluble in water 40% of molecular weight made up of fatty acid | 59 | |
| 896503829 | fatty acid | has carboxyl group chain of C atoms saturated and unsaturated | 60 | |
| 896503830 | unsaturated fatty acid | fatty acid chain that has at least one double bonded carbon atom; causes kink in chain | 61 | |
| 896503831 | saturated fatty acid | fatty acid chain that has no double bonded carbon atoms in its chain | 62 | |
| 896503832 | triglyceride | when glycerol combines with three fatty acid chains each chain can be different number of atoms long with saturated and/or unsaturated bonds | 63 | |
| 896503833 | phospholipid | glycerol, 2 fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group used in cell structures | 64 | |
| 896503834 | steriods | complex lipid structure with 4 connected rings of carbon atoms used to make other chemicals, hormones | 65 | |
| 896503835 | Proteins | any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells contains: C,H,O,N some S variety of fcts: structural, energy, enzymes, chemical messenger | 66 | |
| 896503836 | amino acids | what are proteins made of (not elements) | 67 | |
| 896503837 | the four levels of structure of proteins | primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary | 68 | |
| 896503838 | primary structure of protein | sequence and number of amino acid | 69 | |
| 896731689 | alkalosis | condition which one feels dizzy, agitated | 70 | |
| 896731690 | acidosis | condition which one feels fatigued and breathing may become difficult | 71 | |
| 1094183948 | monounsaturated fatty acid | chain of carbons that has one double bonded carbon atoms | 72 | |
| 1094183949 | polyunsaturated fatty acid | chain of carbon atoms that has two or more double bonded carbon atoms | 73 | |
| 1094183950 | secondary structure of protein | hydrogen bonds form coils, folds, or other shapes hyodrgoen bonds to oxygen or nitrogen | 74 | |
| 1094183951 | tertiary structure of protein | hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds; attachments points farther apart than secondary | 75 | |
| 1094183952 | the structures that determine a protein's function | primary, secondary, tertiary structure | 76 | |
| 1094183953 | quaternary structure of protein | several proteins combine together | 77 | |
| 1094183954 | essential amino acids we need in diet | isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threosine, tryptophon, valine | 78 | |
| 1094183955 | nucleic acids | atoms include: C,H,O,N,P function: carry instructions in form of genes for cell | 79 | |
| 1094183956 | nucleotides | building blocks for nucleic acids | 80 | |
| 1094183957 | major types of nucleic acids | RNA and DNA | 81 | |
| 1094183958 | nucleotide structure | 5 carbon sugar ring, phosphate group, one of several nitrogen containing organic base | 82 | |
| 1094183959 | RNA | ribose surage, one stranded nitrogen base | 83 | |
| 1094183960 | DNA | deoxyribose sugar, double stranded, regulates cell activities | 84 |
