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| 6194928839 | zygote | All humans are derived from the fertilized egg | 0 | |
| 6194962314 | 46 | zygote has how many chromosomes | 1 | |
| 6195000543 | protoplasm | the collective term for all living substance which compose a cell | 2 | |
| 6195017267 | organic | contain the element carbon | 3 | |
| 6195024739 | inorganic | don't contain the element carbon | 4 | |
| 6195032543 | proteins, carbs, lipids, nucleic acids | organic components of the protoplasm include: | 5 | |
| 6195043384 | amino acids | proteins are composed of what building blocks | 6 | |
| 6195054356 | peptide bonds | amino acid building blocks are strung together in long chains by what type of bonds? | 7 | |
| 6195073778 | amine, R (variable) group, Acid | general amino acid structures consists of | 8 | |
| 6195084635 | catalytic (enzymes) | having the ability to speed up reactions but not to be consumed in the process. Correct operations require specific pH, temp and concentration | 9 | |
| 6195099230 | Structural (Collagen) | having the function of being building material, as in tendon | 10 | |
| 6195104013 | Regulatory (hormones) | chemical messengers | 11 | |
| 6195108983 | Contractile (muscle) | ability to lengthen and shorten | 12 | |
| 6195115034 | immunological (antibodies) | having the ability to help fight off invasions | 13 | |
| 6195121332 | Hemoglobin | having the capacity to carry molecules attached to their structure | 14 | |
| 6195406541 | peptide bonding | holds adjacent amino acids together by removing the OH and a H from the amine group and forming H20 | 15 | |
| 6195417899 | hydrogen bonding | the sharing of hydrogen between adjacent oxygen and nitrogen (responsible for coiled shape of protein) | 16 | |
| 6195429328 | hydrophilic | proteins with polar side chains will attract water since water s polar and are called | 17 | |
| 6195439408 | hydrophobic | non polar side chains with no attraction to water | 18 | |
| 6195469668 | carbohydrate | known as starches and sugars that have varied function. they can be an energy source or a storage molecule or even a building block of genes found in chromosomes | 19 | |
| 6195491985 | simple sugar or monosaccharides | composed of 3-7 carbon atoms in length and cannot be broken into any simpler sugar, can be broken down for energy | 20 | |
| 6195543529 | Double sugar( disaccharides) | composed of 2 monosaccharides joined together | 21 | |
| 6195624201 | polysaccharides | 3 or more monosaccharides joined together by a dehydration synthesis | 22 | |
| 6195664750 | hydrolysis | allows for the breakdown of polysaccharides as with disaccharides | 23 | |
| 6195698698 | lipids | fats (triglycerides), phospholipids make up this class of organic molecule | 24 | |
| 6195711664 | triglycerides | composed of the glycerol molecule and three fatty acids side chains linked by dehydration synthesis. | 25 | |
| 6195742755 | saturated fats | each carbon is bonded with 2 hydrogens | 26 | |
| 6195753850 | unsaturated fats | have double bonds between adjacent carbons | 27 | |
| 6195763989 | phospholipids | this type of lipid has two non-polar side fatty acid chains and one polar side chain due to phosphates presence | 28 | |
| 6195790824 | phospholipids | what creates the membranes of cells and creates boundary between inside and outside of the cell | 29 | |
| 6208969592 | nucleic acids | large molecules composed of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous. Made up of the building blocks called nucleotides. | 30 | |
| 6209013373 | nucleotides | composed of 3 parts: a pentose sugar(deoxyribose or ribose), a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group | 31 | |
| 6209033593 | DNA nitrogen bases | adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine | 32 | |
| 6209038298 | RNA nitrogen bases | adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil | 33 | |
| 6209077427 | nucleoside | the sugar and the base linked together but not to the phosphate group | 34 | |
| 6209087102 | ATP | acts as the energy source for the cell, processed in the mitochondria | 35 | |
| 6209096458 | Energy produced | ATP-> ADP + P + energy | 36 | |
| 6209133579 | Energy stored | ADP + P + energy -> ATP | 37 | |
| 6209166381 | Inorganic portion of protoplasm | larger in volume and weight than organic component, consisting of water and various electrolytes | 38 | |
| 6209180986 | electrolyte ionization | action of water breaking down various compounds into charged atoms, forming electrolytes | 39 | |
| 6209278650 | electrolytes | have a very diverse function in the body from effects on pH to nerve conduction, energy requirements, muscle contractions and many more | 40 | |
| 6209462415 | Active | movements requiring the usage of energy | 41 | |
| 6209468410 | passive | requiring no energy | 42 | |
| 6209473635 | endocytotic | movements into the cell | 43 | |
| 6209478787 | exocytotic | movements out of the cell | 44 | |
| 6209538866 | phagocytosis | movement of solid particles by extensions of cytoplasm called pseudophodia | 45 | |
| 6209549380 | pinocytosis | movement of liquid without pseudopodia | 46 | |
| 6209562635 | active transport | movement across the membrane by a carrier molecule against the gradient (L->H) | 47 | |
| 6209581222 | diffusion | movement from a high to low concentration (materials must be lipid soluble) | 48 | |
| 6209613754 | filtration | movements of liquid under mechanical pressure (filter) | 49 | |
| 6209620339 | osmosis | movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from high to low concentration | 50 | |
| 6209629891 | solvents | dissolves the solute | 51 | |
| 6209634296 | Solutes | large molecules dissolved by solvents | 52 | |
| 6267327701 | Hypo-osmotic condition | less than normal solute concentration | 53 | |
| 6267345866 | Hyper-osmotic Condition | greater than normal solute concentration | 54 | |
| 6267350386 | Iso-osmotic condition | same amount of solute in each | 55 | |
| 6267364915 | facilitated diffusion | the passive transport of lipid insolubles across a membrane by a carrier system that temporarily makes it lipid soluble | 56 | |
| 6267380726 | dialysis | cleansing of blood by passing it through an artificial cellophane tube immersed in a dialyzing solution | 57 | |
| 6267409656 | nucleus | darkly stained central control center of a cell | 58 | |
| 6267433042 | nuclear membrane | double envelope with pores, outside of cell, can be disassembled and re-assembled | 59 | |
| 6267473037 | nucleoli | non-membrane granules of protein, DNA+RNA, production site for ribosomal RNA | 60 | |
| 6267485811 | chromatin | loosely coiled threadlike DNA | 61 | |
| 6267514248 | DNA Molecule | made from the building blocks of nucleotides which here must be deoxyribose, a phosphate group and a base which must be adenine, thymine, cytosine or guanine | 62 | |
| 6267556055 | thymine | adenine goes with | 63 | |
| 6267558143 | guanine | cytosine goes with | 64 | |
| 6267572119 | hydrogen bonds | dna twists because of | 65 | |
| 6267582621 | diploid | term for 23 paired chromosomes or 46 total chromosomes | 66 | |
| 6267596582 | haploid | term for our sex cells or 23 chromosomes | 67 | |
| 6267616367 | Genes | the functional unit of the chromosome, responsible for producing a certain trait via the production of one kind of protein molecule. the functional gene unit of DNA for protein synthesis is called the triplet code word | 68 | |
| 6267664050 | RNA molecule | made from dna templates, single stranded, all made with the sugar ribose and one of the following bases: adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine | 69 | |
| 6267712428 | M-RNA | single stranded RNA formed from DNA template using one of the uncoiled strands from the DNA double helix, carries genetic code from nucleus to cytoplasm to the ribosome | 70 | |
| 6267753016 | R-RNA | single stranded RNA produced from the DNA and helps form the ribosome. anchors the M-RNA on the smaller head of the ribosome | 71 | |
| 6267810876 | anticodon | A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides located on one end of transfer RNA. It bounds to the complementary coding triplet of nucleotides in messenger RNA | 72 | |
| 6267822304 | codon | sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis | 73 | |
| 6267824565 | triplet code word | the functional gene unit of DNA for protein synthesis | 74 | |
| 6267944549 | T-RNA | Single strand arranged in a cloverleaf pattern formed from the DNA template. brings an amino acid into linear sequence as it links to its complimentary region of an M-RNA | 75 | |
| 6268602369 | protein synthesis | elaborate process of building proteins in the cytoplasm under control of the DNA which never leaves the nucleus | 76 | |
| 6268635330 | transcription | DNA double helix unwinds and pulls apart and one strand is functional and the other is not, ribonucleotides attach to unzipped DNA template strand, forms M-RNA and is sent to cytoplasm | 77 | |
| 6268652947 | RNA polymerase | enzyme that controls transcription | 78 | |
| 6294616902 | hydrogen bonding | How T-RNA ribonucleotides attach to the M-RNA ribonucleotides | 79 | |
| 6294639604 | M-RNA | where the codon is located | 80 | |
| 6294642881 | T-RNA | where the anti-codon is located | 81 | |
| 6294650540 | DNA | triplet code word comes from where | 82 | |
| 6294758442 | chromosomes | where genes are located | 83 | |
| 6294761564 | somatic | pertaining to the body as a whole | 84 | |
| 6294771427 | diploid | having two of each type of chromosome | 85 | |
| 6294774072 | haploid | having one of each type of chromosome | 86 | |
| 6294776209 | zygote | the fertilized egg, diploid | 87 | |
| 6294791621 | gene | a unit of inheritance | 88 | |
| 6294801005 | allelle | the variable gene that can change things like hair color | 89 | |
| 6294804896 | homozygous | having the same allelles | 90 | |
| 6294810678 | heterozygous | having two different allelles | 91 | |
| 6294812836 | genotype | genetic constitution of the chromosome | 92 | |
| 6294838697 | phenotype | the expression of the trait as a result of the genotype (how you look) | 93 | |
| 6294847414 | dominant | an allele that is exerting its full phenotype effect | 94 | |
| 6294852614 | recessive | the non expression of the phenotype by an allelle | 95 | |
| 6294856674 | sex linked | a gene on the x or y chromosome only | 96 | |
| 6294859795 | carrier | a person who carries a trait but does not show the phenotype | 97 | |
| 6294888229 | autosomes | chromosomes that don't determine the sex of an individual | 98 | |
| 6294971580 | pedigree | the listing of a family tree showing all known generations and sexes and traits | 99 | |
| 6294992018 | endoplasmic reticulum | series of membranous tubules and flattened sacs forming channels through the cytoplasm with connections to the nucleus | 100 | |
| 6295034002 | Rough ER | has attached to its outer surface ribosomes | 101 | |
| 6295038345 | smooth ER | no attachment to its outer surface | 102 | |
| 6295108194 | polysome | the ribosome and the M-RNA together | 103 | |
| 6295135506 | Golgi apparatus | packaging and transports dangerous things such as catabolic enzymes | 104 | |
| 6295205290 | mitochondria | the power house of the cell responsible for the production of energy via ATP | 105 | |
| 6295262240 | mitochondria | inner membrane has a series of folds to increase surface area allowing for more reactions to take place | 106 | |
| 6295299742 | Krebs cycle | occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria and is a series of reactions resulting in the production of ATP | 107 | |
| 6295326052 | step 1 of Krebs cycle | glucose broken down into 2 pyruvic acids = glycolysis | 108 | |
| 6295327813 | step 2 of Krebs cycle | removal of CO2 forming acetic acid | 109 | |
| 6295374995 | step 3 of krebs cycle | acetic acid is transported to mitochondria (via coenzyme A) for respiration | 110 | |
| 6295393433 | step 4 of krebs cycle | critic acid starts kreb cycle inside mitochondria which generates 36 more ATPs of energy | 111 | |
| 6295527329 | centriole | able to elongate and retract and are important in moving chromosomes during cell division | 112 | |
| 6295608111 | Lysosomes | called the suicide bag, contain very potent digestive enzymes | 113 | |
| 6296272988 | atp molecule |  | 114 | |
| 6318289360 | dna molecule |  | 115 | |
| 6318295032 | rna molecule | 116 | ||
| 6318335783 | amino acid |  | 117 | |
| 6318338353 | carbohydrate molecule |  | 118 | |
| 6318614861 | disaccharides |  | 119 | |
| 6318707821 | polysaccharides |  | 120 | |
| 6318719897 | triglycerides |  | 121 | |
| 6318755945 | saturated fat |  | 122 | |
| 6318765772 | unsaturated fat |  | 123 | |
| 6318783169 | phospholipids |  | 124 | |
| 6318793586 | nucleotides |  | 125 |
