Key terms/ideas
Terms : Hide Images
| 578108644 | cell division | reproduction of cells |  |
| 578108645 | cell cycle | life of a cell from the time it first forms to its own division | |
| 578108646 | genome | cell's endowment of DNA in prokaryotes: long DNA molecule | |
| 578108647 | chromosomes | what DNA is packaged into each eukaryote has its own characteristic number |  |
| 578108648 | somatic cells | all body cells humans have 46 in the nucleus | |
| 578108649 | gametes | reproductive cells half as many chromosomes | |
| 578108650 | chromatin | complex of DNA long and complicated; needs to be condensed | |
| 578108651 | sister chromatids | have identical DNA each chromosome has 2 attached by adhesive proteins | |
| 578108652 | centromere | attaches two sister chromatids together | |
| 578108653 | mitosis | division of the nucleus PMAT | |
| 578108654 | cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm | |
| 578108655 | meiosis | yields non-identical daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as parent cell | |
| 578108656 | mitotic (M) phase | includes mitosis and cytokinesis shortest part of the cell cycle | |
| 578108657 | interphase | longest phase (90% of the cycle) includes G1, S, and G2 cell prepares itself for division | |
| 578108659 | S | cell duplicates its chromosomes | |
| 578108660 | G2 | cell duplicates proteins and organelles prepares to divide | |
| 578108661 | mitotic spindle | mitosis depends on this begins to form in the cytoplasm during prophase consists of microtubules, centrosomes, and asters | |
| 578108662 | centrosome | where the mitotic spindle starts to assemble organizes microtubules | |
| 578108663 | aster | array of short microtubules at each pole of the dividing cell | |
| 578108664 | kinetochore | a structure of proteins attached to sister chromosomes spindle microtubules extend to them during metaphase | |
| 578108665 | metaphase plate | where chromosomes line up during metaphase | |
| 578108666 | cleavage furrow | during cytokinesis groove, indent on cell surface near the metaphase plate | |
| 578108667 | cell plate | in plant cells microtubules line the middle of the cell when is fully formed, cell division is complete | |
| 578108668 | binary fission | how prokaryotes divide have one long strand of DNA to divide | |
| 578108669 | origin of replication | location on the chromosome where DNA begins to replicate in prokaryotes | |
| 578108670 | cell cycle control system | set of molecules that trigger and organize cell cycle | |
| 578108671 | checkpoint | critical point where signals regulate the cycle from transduction pathways if doesn't pass, can't continue dividing | |
| 578108672 | G0 | non dividing state nerve and muscle cells most cells are like this | |
| 578108673 | CDKs | cyclin dependent kinases activity rises and falls with the concentration of cyclin cyclin activates it | |
| 578108674 | cyclin | concentration fluctuates in the cell activates CDKs highest concentration during interphase, then drops during mitosis | |
| 578108675 | MPF | metaphase promoting factor first CDK discovered destroys cyclin in anaphase | |
| 578108676 | growth factor | protein that stimulates cell division | |
| 578108677 | density dependent inhibition | when too crowded, cells stop dividing | |
| 578108678 | anchorage dependence | must be attached to a substrate in order to divide | |
| 578108679 | transformation | normal cell turns into a cancer cell | |
| 578108680 | malignant tumor | cancer spreads to one or more organs | |
| 578108681 | metastasis | cancer is spread to different locations through the blood stream | |
| 578140426 | G1 | cell grows | |
| 578140427 | prophase | chromatin fibers become tightly coiled each duplicated chromosome appears as sister chromatids mitotic spindle begins to form centrosomes move away from each other | |
| 578140428 | prometaphase | microtubules reach towards chromosomes from the centromeres | |
| 578140429 | metaphase | longest stage of mitosis centrosomes at opposite ends of the cell chromosomes go to metaphase plate kinetochore spindles attach to sister chromatid kinetochores |  |
| 578140430 | anaphase | shortest stage of mitosis two sister chromatids are pulled away from each other cell elongates |  |
| 578140431 | telophase | two daughter nuclei begin to form in the cell chromosomes become less condensed nuclear envelop begins to reform |  |
| 578140432 | cytokinesis | cytoplasm finishes dividing |
