Terms : Hide Images
| 22020457 | hormone | molecule that is secreted into extracellular fluid, circulates in blood or hemolymph, and communicates regulatory messages throughout body | |
| 22020458 | tropic hormone | hormone that has another endocrine gland as a target | |
| 22020459 | target cell | cells that are targeted and affected by the hormone | |
| 22020460 | testosterone | steroid hormone required for development of male reproductive system, spermatogenesis, and male secondary sex characteristics; the major androgen in mammals | |
| 22020461 | estrogen | any steroid hormone, such as estradiol, that stimulates the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics | |
| 22020462 | prostaglandins | a group of local regulators that are modified fatty acids; produced by many cells, have varied activities; stimulates smooth muscles of uterine walla to contract, helps induce labor, promotes fever and inflammation, intensifies pain, regulate aggregation of platelets | |
| 22020463 | LH | luteinizing hormone; gonadotropin; regulates Leydig cells; stimulates follicle growth and follicular tissue left behind to transform into corpus luteum | |
| 22020464 | prolactin | hormone produced and secreted by anterior pituitary with a great diversity of effects in different vertebrate species; in mammals, it stimulates growth of and milk production by the mammary glands | |
| 22020465 | insulin | hormone secreted by pancreatic beta cells that lowers blood glucose levels; promotes uptake of glucose and syntehsis and storage of glycogen in the liver, also stimulates protein and fat synthesis | |
| 22020466 | melatonin | hormone secreted by pineal gland that regulates body functions related to seasonal day length | |
| 22020467 | GnRH | gonadotropin-releasing hormone; directs the anterior pituitary to secrete gonadotropins | |
| 22020468 | ecdysone | steroid hormone, secreted by prothoracic glands, that triggers molting in arthropods | |
| 22020469 | thymosin | an actin-binding protein in cells | |
| 22020470 | hCG | human chorionic gonadotropin; hormone secreted by chorion that maintains corpus luteum of ovary during first three months of pregnancy | |
| 22020471 | oxytocin | hormone produced by hypothalamus and released from posterior pituitary; induces contractions of uterine muscles during labor and causes mammary glands to eject milk during nursing | |
| 22020472 | glucagon | hormone secreted by pancreatic alpha cells that raises blood glucose levels; promotes glycogen breakdown and release of glucose by liver | |
| 22020473 | PTH | parathyroid hormone; a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that raises blood clacium level by promoting calcium release from bone and calcium retention by the kidneys | |
| 22020474 | calcitonin | hormone secreted by thyroid gland that lowers blood calcium levels by prpomoting calcium deposition in bone and calcium excretion from kidneys; nonessential in adult humans | |
| 22020475 | ADH | antidiuretic hormone; a peptide hormone, also known as vasopression, that promotes water retention by the kidneys; produced in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary; also has activities in the brain | |
| 22020476 | epinephrine | catecholamine that, when secreted as a hormone by adrenal medulla, mediates "fight-orflight" responses to short-term stresses; also released by some neurons as a neurotransmitter; also known as adrenaline | |
| 22020477 | norepinephrine | catecholamine that is chemically and functionally similar to epinephrine and acts as a hormone or neurotransmitter; also known as noradrenaline | |
| 22020478 | progesterone | steroid hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy; the major progestin in mammals | |
| 22020479 | androgen | any steroid hormone, such as testosterone, that stimulates the development and maintenance of the male reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics | |
| 22020480 | estriadol | steroid hormone that stimulates the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics; the major estrogen in mammals | |
| 22020481 | corticosteroids | steroid hormones produced and secreted by adrenal cortex | |
| 22020482 | glucocorticoids | steroid hormones that are secreted by adrenal cortex; influence glucose metabolism and immune function | |
| 22020483 | mineralocorticoids | steroid hormones secreted by adrenal cortex that regulate salt and water homeostasis | |
| 22020484 | adrenal gland | one of two endocrine glands located adjacent to the kidneys in mammals; endocrine cells in the outer portion (cortex) respond to ACTH by secreting steroid hormones that help maintain homeostasis during long-term stress; neurosecretory cells in the central portion (medulla) secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to nervous inputs triggered by short-term stress | |
| 22020485 | adenohypophysis | see anterior pituitary | |
| 22020486 | neurohypophysis | see posterior pitui hypothalamus | |
| 22020487 | anterior pituitary | also called the adenohypophysis; portion of the pituitary that develops from nonneural tissue; consists of endocrine cells that synthesize and secrete several tropic and nontropic hormones | |
| 22020488 | posterior pituitary | also called the neurohypophysis; an extension of the hypothalamus composed of nervous tissue that secrets oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone made in the hypothalamus; a temporary storage site for these hormones |
