Terms : Hide Images
| 6788509998 | local signaling | animal cells may communicate by direct contact or using secreted messenger molecules that travel short distances | 0 | |
| 6788515365 | growth factors | stimulate nearby target cells to grow and divide | 1 | |
| 6788530061 | paracrine signaling | communication in which a cell produces signals to induce changes in nearby cells | 2 | |
| 6788533527 | synaptic signaling | animals nervous system when a neurotransmitter is released in response to an electric signal | 3 | |
| 6788539489 | hormones | chemicals used in long distance signaling | 4 | |
| 6788543862 | endocrine signaling | hormone signaling, travel in the circulatory system to target cells | 5 | |
| 6788553515 | reception | target cell detects signalling molecule that binds to a receptor protein on cell surface | 6 | |
| 6788557155 | transduction | binding of signaling molecules alters receptor and initiates a signal transduction pathway (series of steps) | 7 | |
| 6788559621 | response | transduced signal triggers a specific response in the target cell | 8 | |
| 6788568577 | ligand | signaling molecule | 9 | |
| 6788576857 | G protein-coupled receptors | cell surface transmembrane receptors that work with help of G proteins |  | 10 |
| 6788584640 | receptor tyrosine kinases | membrane receptors that attach phosphates to tyrosines, can trigger multiple signal transduction pathways at once |  | 11 |
| 6788605663 | ligand-gated ion channel | acts as a gate when receptor changes shape, allows specific ions through channel in receptor |  | 12 |
| 6788615949 | intracellular receptors | found in cytoplasm or nucleus of target cell, small or hydrophobic chemical messengers can cross membranes | 13 | |
| 6789528160 | signal transduction | multiple steps, amplifies signal, like dominoes | 14 | |
| 6789533146 | phosphorylation and dephosphorylation | cellular mechanism for regulating protein activity | 15 | |
| 6789541216 | protein kinases | transfer phosphates from ATP to protein (phosphorylation) | 16 | |
| 6789543894 | protein phophateses | rapidly remove phosphates from proteins, dephosphorylation | 17 | |
| 6789551698 | second messenger | small, non-protein, water soluble molecules and ions, spread throughout the cell by diffusion |  | 18 |
| 6789555923 | cyclic AMP and calcium ions | common second messengers, cAMP activates protein kinase A | 19 | |
| 6789564382 | adenylyl cyclase | enzyme in the plasma membrane, converts ATP to cAMP in response to an extracellular signal | 20 | |
| 6789575776 | output response | cells response to an extracellular signal | 21 | |
| 6789582749 | scaffolding protein | large relay proteins to which other relay proteins are attached, can increase efficiency |  | 22 |
| 6789587537 | apoptosis | programmed cell death, cell components are chopped up and packaged into vesicles, prevents enzymes from leaking | 23 |
