6275696878 | Matter- | anything that has space and mass | 0 | |
6275702508 | Element | a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions. | 1 | |
6275706343 | Compound | a substance consisting of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio. | 2 | |
6275732677 | C,H,O,N | are the four essential elements that make up 96% of living matter. | 3 | |
6275735619 | Trace elements | the elements required by an organism in only scant amounts. | 4 | |
6275739057 | Atoms | the smallest unit of an element that still retains the property of the element. | 5 | |
6275742500 | Protons | positively charged particles found in the atom's nucleus | 6 | |
6275747896 | Electrons | negatively-charged substances that are located in electron shells around the nucleus and are responsible for the chemical properties and reactivity of the element. | 7 | |
6275750778 | Neutrons | particles with no charge. | 8 | |
6275765158 | Isotopes | various forms of an element with varying numbers of neutrons | 9 | |
6275769537 | Atomic Number | the number of protons an element possesses | 10 | |
6275772218 | Mass Number | the sum of an element's protons and neutrons | 11 | |
6275775024 | Chemical Bonds | interactions between the valence electrons of diverse atoms | 12 | |
6275778601 | Covalent Bond | a chemical bond that occurs when valence electrons are shared by two atoms. | 13 | |
6275783036 | Nonpolar Covalent Bonds | chemical bonds that occur when the electrons being shared are distributed between the two atoms | 14 | |
6275785593 | Polar Covalent Bond | a chemical bond in which one atom has greater electronegativity than the other, resulting in an unequal sharing of the electrons | 15 | |
6275789113 | Ionic Bonds | chemical bonds in which two atoms attract valence electrons so unequally that the more electronegative atom steals the electron away from the less electronegative atom. | 16 | |
6275791009 | Ion- the resulting charged atom or molecule | the resulting charged atom or molecule | 17 | |
6275794393 | Hydrogen Bonds | weak bonds that form between the partially positively charged hydrogen atom of one molecule and the strongly electronegative oxygen or nitrogen of another molecule | 18 | |
6275796420 | Van der Waals Interactions | weak, transient connections that are the result of asymmetrical distribution of electrons within a molecule | 19 | |
6275800765 | Chemical Reaction | a process in which the reactants are converted into products by the breakdown and creation of chemical bonds, which is sometimes reversible | 20 | |
6275802899 | Reactants | the starting materials of a chemical reaction | 21 | |
6275805483 | Products | the ending materials of a chemical reaction | 22 | |
6275809433 | Polar | a term describing the partial negative charge of the oxygen atom, and the partial positive charge of the hydrogen atom | 23 | |
6275812784 | Cohesion | the union of like molecules | 24 | |
6275821011 | Adhesion | the clinging of one substance to another substance | 25 | |
6275824330 | Transpiration | the movement of water molecules up thin xylem tubes and their evaporation from the stomata | 26 | |
6275827539 | Specific Heat | the amount of heat required to raise or lower the temperature of a substance by 1 degrees Celsius | 27 | |
6275830003 | Hydrophilic | - water-soluble substances | 28 | |
6276290208 | Hydrophobic | - substances that are nonpolar and don't dissolve in water | 29 | |
6276295779 | pH | a measure of the relative acidity and alkalinity of aqueous solutions by a scale of 0-14-measures the concentration of OH ions | 30 | |
6276298671 | Acids | substances with an excess of hydrogen ions and a pH level below 7 | 31 | |
6276301615 | Bases | substances with an excess of hydroxide ions and a pH level above 7 | 32 | |
6276305736 | Buffers | substances that reduce changes in pH by accepting hydrogen ions from the solution and donating H+ ions when in depletion | 33 | |
6276305737 | Carbonic Acid | a vital buffer in living systems that moderates pH changes in blood plasma and the ocean | 34 |
AP Bio Chapter 2 Flashcards
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