AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

AP bio Chapter 7

Terms : Hide Images
83558744resolving powerA measure of the clarity of the image; it is the minimum distance two points can be separated and still be distinguished as two separate points
83558745cell fractionationtechnique in which cells are broken into pieces and the different cell parts are separated
83558746nucleusa part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
83558747endoplasmic reticuluma system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids
83558748food vacuoleVacuole in cytoplasm that stores food, sarcodines surround a food source, create a vacuole and digest it
83558749chloroplastorganelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
83558750cytoskeletona network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement
83558751pseudopodiaA cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding
83558752organellea tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell
83558753cytoplasma jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
83558754chromatinlong strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell nucleus; condense to form chromosomes
83558755smooth ERRibosomes are not found on its surface. It contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks including the synthesis of membrane lipids and the detoxification of drugs
83558756contractile vacuolesaclike organelles that expand to collect excess water and contract to squeeze the water out of the cell
83558757cristaeInfoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP
83558758microtubulesare hollow tubes, like plumbing pipes that maintain the shape of the cell and serve as tracks for organelles to move along within the cell
83558759cell wallstrong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape
83558760electron microscopea microscope that is similar in purpose to a light microscope but achieves much greater resolving power by using a parallel beam of electrons to illuminate the object instead of a beam of light
83558761prokaryotic cellA type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea
83558762chromosomethreadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next
83558763rough ERA network of interconnected membranous sacs in a eukaryotic cell's cytoplasm; covered with ribosomes that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins.
83558764central vacuoleA membrane-enclosed sac occupying most of the interior of a mature plant cell, having diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development.
83558765plastidany of various small particles in the cytoplasm of the cells of plants and some animals containing pigments or starch or oil or protein
83558766microfilamentsLong, thin fibers that function in the movement and support of the cell
83558767plasmodesmataAn open channel in the cell wall of plants through which strands of cytosol connect from adjacent cells
83558768TEMTrasmission Electron Microscope; used to study parts inside of a cell; only dead cells can be observed
83558769SEMScanning Electron Microscope (250.000 x) Spray with metallic cover. Scans surface. Makes 3D.
83558770eukaryotic cellA type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Examples of organisms with these cells are protists, plants, fungi, and animals.
83558771plasma membranethin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings
83558772nucleolusThe organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially assembled, located in the nucleus
83558773ribosomesmall particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein
83558774golgi apparatusstack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
83558775phagocytosisprocess in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell
83558776peroxisomeA microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.
83558777mitochondriaPowerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
83558778thylakoidA flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into chemical energy.
83558779stromaThe fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
83558780flagellalong, thin, whip-like structures, with a core of microtubules, that enable some cells to move
83558781ciliashort, hair-like structures made of microtubules that enable movement of cells or movement of materials outside a cell
83558782tight junctionsMembranes of neighboring cells are pressed together, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid
83558783gap junctionsPoints that provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to another with special membrane proteins. Also called communicating junctions.

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!