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| 196933080 | Acid | A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution | |
| 196933081 | Acid Precipitation | rain, snow, or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.2 | |
| 196933082 | Adhesion | an attraction between molecules of different substances | |
| 196933083 | Aqueous Solution | a solution in which water is the solvent | |
| 196933084 | Base | A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution | |
| 196933085 | Buffer | A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution | |
| 196933086 | Calorie | amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius | |
| 196933087 | Celsius Scale | a temperature scale (°C) equal to 5/9(°F - 32) that measures the freezing point of water at 0°C and the boiling point of water at 100°C. | |
| 196933088 | Cohesion | The binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds. | |
| 196933089 | Colloid | a mixture made up of a liquid and particles that (because of their large size) remain suspended rather than dissolved in that liquid. | |
| 196933090 | Dalton | a measure of mass for atoms and subatomic particles; the same as the atomic mass unit, or amu. | |
| 196933091 | Electronegativity | the attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond | |
| 196933092 | Emergent Properties | New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases. | |
| 196933093 | Evaporation | the process by which a liquid changes into a gas | |
| 196933094 | Evaporative cooling | The process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation, owing to a change of the molecules with the greatest kinetic energy from the liquid to the gaseous state. | |
| 196933095 | Heat | total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. It is energy in most random form | |
| 196933096 | Heat of Vaporization | the quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state | |
| 196933097 | Hydration Shell | sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion | |
| 196933098 | Hydrogen Bond | A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule. | |
| 196933099 | Hydrogen Ion | A single proton with a charge of 1+. The dissociation of a water molecule (H2O) leads to the generation of a hydroxide ion (OH-) and a hydrogen ion (H+). | |
| 196933100 | Hydronium Ion | a water molecule that has an extra proton bound to it; H3O+. | |
| 196933101 | Hydrophilic | Having an affinity for water | |
| 196933102 | Hydrophobic | Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water. | |
| 196933103 | Hydroxide Ion | a water molecule that has lost a proton; OH-. | |
| 196933104 | Joule | A unit of energy: 1J = .239 cal; 1 cal = 4.184 J | |
| 196933105 | Kilocalorie | 1,000 calories of heat energy amount needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1°C at a standard pressure. Standard unit of measure for food's caloric content. | |
| 196933106 | Kinetic Energy | the energy associated with the relative motion of objects. Moving matter can perform work by imparting motion to other matter. | |
| 196933107 | Molarity | A common measure of solute concentration, referring to the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. | |
| 196933108 | Mole | The number of grams of a substance that equals its molecular weight in daltons and contains Avogadro's number of molecules | |
| 196933109 | Molecular Mass | The sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule; sometimes called molecular weight. | |
| 196933110 | pH | A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log (H+) and ranging in value from 0 to 14 | |
| 196933111 | Polar Molecule | a molecule (such as water) with opposite charges on different ends of the molecule. | |
| 196933112 | Solute | a substance that is dissolved in a solution | |
| 196933113 | Solution | a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances | |
| 196933114 | Solvent | the dissolving medium in a solution | |
| 196933115 | Specific Heat | The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 gram of a substance to change is temperature by 1 degree Celsius | |
| 196933116 | Structural Isomer | one of several compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms. | |
| 196933117 | Surface Tension | a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid | |
| 196933118 | Temperature | A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees, reflection the average kinetic energy of the molecules | |
| 196933119 | Covalent Bond | A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons. | |
| 196933120 | Double Bond | a double covalent bond; the sharing of two pairs of valence electrons by two atoms. | |
| 196933121 | Electron Shell | An energy level of electrons at a characteristic average distance from the nucleus of an atom | |
| 196933122 | Element | Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by chemical reactions | |
| 196933123 | Energy | The capacity to cause change, especially to do work (to move matter against an opposing force). | |
| 196933124 | Ion | An atom or group of atoms that has become electrically charged. | |
| 196933125 | Ionic Bond | A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions | |
| 196933126 | Ionic Compound | A compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond; also called a salt. | |
| 196933127 | Isotope | one of several forms of an element, each containing the same number of protons in their atoms but a different number of neutrons | |
| 196933128 | Mass number | the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom | |
| 196933129 | Matter | Anything that takes up space and has mass | |
| 196933130 | Molecular Formula | A type of molecular notation representing the quantity of constituent atoms, but not the nature of the bonds that join them | |
| 196933131 | Molecule | Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds | |
| 196933132 | Neutron | A subatomic particle having no electrical charge (electrically neutral), with a mass of about 1.7 x 10-24 g, found in the nucleus of an atom | |
| 196933133 | Nonpolar covalent bond | A type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity. | |
| 196933134 | Nucleus | (1) An atom's central core, containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons. | |
| 196933135 | Orbital | The three-dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time. | |
| 196933136 | Polar Covalent Bond | A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive. | |
| 196933137 | Potential Energy | The energy that matter possesses as a result of its location or spatial arrangement (structure). | |
| 196933138 | Product | A material resulting from a chemical reaction | |
| 196933139 | Proton | A subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, with a mass of about 1.7 x 10-24 g, found in the nucleus of an atome | |
| 196933140 | Radioactive Isotope | An isotope (an atomic form of a chemical element) that is unstable; the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off detectable particles and energy. | |
| 196933141 | Reactant | A starting material in a chemical reaction | |
| 196933142 | Salt | A compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond; also called an ionic compound | |
| 196933143 | Single Bond | a single covalent bond; the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms. | |
| 196933144 | Structural Formula | A type of molecular notation in which the constituent atoms are joined by lines representing covalent bonds. | |
| 196933145 | Theory | An explanation that is broad in scope, generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence | |
| 196933146 | Trace Element | An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minute amounts. | |
| 196933147 | Valence | the bonding capacity of a given atom; usually equals the number of unpaired electrons required to complete the atom's outermost (valence) shell. | |
| 196933148 | Valence Electron | An electron in the outermost electron shell | |
| 196933149 | Valence Shell | The outermost energy shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in the chemical reactions of that atom. | |
| 196933150 | Van Der Waals interactions | Weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from localized charge fluctuations |
