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| 14366383718 | Molecule | A chemical structure with 2 or more atoms | 0 | |
| 14366386413 | Organelle | The functional components present in cells. Example: Chloroplast | 1 | |
| 14366390906 | Cell | Life's fundamental unit of structure and function | 2 | |
| 14366394550 | Tissue | A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function | 3 | |
| 14366401020 | Organ | A body part made of multiple tissues that has specific functions in the body. Example: Leaf. | 4 | |
| 14366413114 | Organism | An individual living thing | 5 | |
| 14366418971 | Population | Consists of all the individuals of a species living within a specific area | 6 | |
| 14366427634 | Community | The array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem | 7 | |
| 14366433806 | Ecosystem | Consists of all the living things in a particular area as well as all the non-living components with which they interact. | 8 | |
| 14366444859 | Biosphere | Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere. | 9 | |
| 14464558630 | Emergent properties | New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases. | 10 | |
| 14464563643 | Emergent properties example | Having a box of bicycle parts don't do anything but if they're arranged a certain way you can move | 11 | |
| 14464588715 | Prokaryotic cell | Generally smaller than eukaryotic cells; lacks a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles | 12 | |
| 14464602782 | Eukaryotic cell | Generally larger than prokaryotic cells; has a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles | 13 | |
| 14464661842 | Evolution | the concept that the organisms living on Earth today are the modified descendants of common ancestors | 14 | |
| 14475085113 | Hypothesis | an explanation, based on observations and assumptions, that leads to a testable prediction | 15 | |
| 14475086694 | Theory | Broader in scope than a hypothesis and more general. It is also supported by more evidence. | 16 | |
| 14475158200 | Controlled experiment | compares an experimental group with a control group | 17 | |
| 14475174441 | Independent variable | The variable that is manipulated | 18 | |
| 14475178440 | Dependent variable | The factor being measured that is predicted to be affected by the independent variable | 19 | |
| 14475357109 | Negative control | Something to show no affect | 20 | |
| 14512674798 | Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space | 21 | |
| 14512677343 | Element | A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions | 22 | |
| 14512682393 | Compound | a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio | 23 | |
| 14512697919 | The four main elements of life | oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen | 24 | |
| 14512706118 | Trace elements | Required by an organism in only minute quantities | 25 | |
| 14512712043 | Atom | The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element | 26 | |
| 14512718970 | Proton | Positively charged, packed together tightly with neutrons at the center of an atom (atomic nucleus) | 27 | |
| 14512720188 | Electron | Negatively charged; located outside the atomic nucleus as the electron cloud | 28 | |
| 14512722535 | Neutron | Has a neutral charge, packed together tightly with protons at the center of an atom | 29 | |
| 14512750181 | Isotope | different atomic forms of the same element | 30 | |
| 14512776698 | How many neutrons does carbon-14 ( 14/6C) have? | 8 (14-6=8) | 31 | |
| 14512819245 | Valence shells and electrons and how they are involved with bonding | Atoms interact in a way that completes their valence shell, either sharing or transferring valence electrons | 32 | |
| 14512844132 | Covalent bond | The sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms | 33 | |
| 14517759762 | Electronegativity | The attraction of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent bond. | 34 | |
| 14517763169 | More electronegativity means... | The stronger it pulls shared electrons towards itself | 35 | |
| 14517769492 | Nonpolar covalent bond | A covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms (because they're the same element) | 36 | |
| 14517776314 | Polar covalent bond | A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive. (H20) | 37 | |
| 14517780424 | Ionic bond | Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another because one is more electronegative | 38 | |
| 14517786552 | Cation | A positively charged ion | 39 | |
| 14517786924 | Anion | A negatively charged ion | 40 | |
| 14517829376 | Hydrogen bond | the weak, noncovalent attraction between a hydrogen atom (with partially positive charge) and an electronegative atom. | 41 | |
| 14517857396 | Van der Waals interactions | Form because electrons aren't evenly distributed and accumulate by chance in one part of the molecule causing them to stick together weakly | 42 | |
| 14517901621 | Chemical reaction | the making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter | 43 | |
| 14517905535 | Reactants | Starting materials in a chemical reaction | 44 | |
| 14517906811 | Products | Resulting materials in a chemical reaction | 45 | |
| 14517918840 | Chemical equilibrium | The point at which the reactions offset one another exactly (have stabilized at a particular ratio) | 46 | |
| 14517927155 | Water being a polar molecule allows... | Hydrogen bonds to form | 47 | |
| 14664573605 | Cohesion | hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together (Example: transport of water against gravity in plants) | 48 | |
| 14664587418 | Adhesion | The clinging of one substance to another (Example: As water evaporates from a leaf, the hydrogen bond pulls on water molecules further down) | 49 | |
| 14664650770 | Specific heat | The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of a substance to change its temperature by 1°C. (how well a substance resists changing it's temperature) | 50 | |
| 14664674136 | Specific heat importance | The water that covers most of Earth keeps temperature fluctuations on land and in water within limits that permit life. | 51 | |
| 14664697498 | Evaporative cooling | As a liquid evaporates, its remaining surface cools | 52 | |
| 14664721847 | Why it's important that ice floats: | Because if it sank, then all bodies of water would eventually freeze solid, making life as we know it impossible | 53 | |
| 14664744187 | Solution | mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed (Example: sugar water) | 54 | |
| 14664747709 | Solvant | dissolving agent (Example: water) | 55 | |
| 14664752321 | Solute | The substance that is dissolved (Example: sugar) | 56 | |
| 14664764976 | Surface tension | A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid (Hydrogen bonds make water have a high surface temperature) | 57 | |
| 14664780559 | Aqueous solution | A solution in which water is the solvent | 58 | |
| 14664784410 | Hydrophobic | Nonpolar or nonionic substances that repel water | 59 | |
| 14664786960 | Hydrophilic | Any substance that has an affinity for water | 60 | |
| 14674217358 | Acid | A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. | 61 | |
| 14674237870 | Base | A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. | 62 | |
| 14674331590 | The neutral pH: | 7 | 63 | |
| 14674344018 | Acids on the pH scale: | 0-6 | 64 | |
| 14674357691 | Bases on the pH scale: | 8+ | 65 | |
| 14674397493 | Each Ph difference: | 10 | 66 | |
| 14674405539 | How many more times acidic is a substance that has a pH of 5 than a pH of 7? | 100 times | 67 | |
| 14674428956 | Buffer | a substance that minimizes changes in the concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution | 68 | |
| 14674439436 | Why buffers are important: | Keeps pH in blood mostly constant | 69 | |
| 14674434957 | Cytosol | The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm. | 70 | |
| 14697095184 | Eukaryotic cell characteristics: | Most of the DNA is stored in the nucleus | 71 | |
| 14697097333 | Prokaryotic cell characteristics: | DNA is mostly in a region not membrane-enclosed, called the nucleoid | 72 | |
| 14697111171 | Cytoplasm | The region of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus, has no organelles, smaller | 73 | |
| 14697122962 | Plasma membrane | selective barrier that allows passage of enough oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire cell | 74 | |
| 14697132532 | Why the surface area to volume ratio in cells is important: | For each square micrometer of membrane, only a limited amount of a particular substance can cross per second, making surface area important | 75 | |
| 14708352184 | Nucleus | Contains most of the genes in the eukaryotic cell | 76 | |
| 14708356452 | Nuclear envelope | Encloses the nucleus, separating its contents from the cytoplasm | 77 | |
| 14708366306 | Chromosomes | Structures that carry the genetic information | 78 | |
| 14708375585 | Nucleolus | Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes | 79 | |
| 14708382786 | Ribosomes | Carry out protein synthesis | 80 | |
| 14708404481 | Endomembrane System | includes the nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, various kinds of vesicles and vacuoles, and the plasma membrane | 81 | |
| 14708415345 | Vesicles | Sacs made of membrane | 82 | |
| 14708430862 | Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions. | 83 | |
| 14708505612 | Golgi Apparatus | A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell | 84 | |
| 14708548732 | Lysosome | A membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules | 85 | |
| 14708578710 | Vacuole | A large vesicle derived from the ER and Golgi Apparatus, often acting as storage | 86 | |
| 14724964260 | Mitochondrion | The site of cellular respiration | 87 | |
| 14724973699 | Chloraplast | The site of of photosynthesis | 88 | |
| 14724998935 | Endosymbiont theory | Explains the origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells--originated as prokaryotic cells | 89 | |
| 14725108272 | Peroxisome | A specialized metabolic compartment bounded by a single membrane | 90 | |
| 14725130428 | Plasmodesmata | Channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells | 91 | |
| 14725139681 | Cytoskeleton | A network of fibers extending through the cytoplasm that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement | 92 | |
| 14725163738 | Motor proteins | Specialized proteins that use energy to change shape and move cells or structures within cells. | 93 |
