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| 7308632290 | Hydroxyl Group | Group Properties: Polar due to the electronegativity of oxygen; forms Hydrogen bonds with water, helping dissolve compounds such as sugar Compound name: Alcohol (specific name usually ends in -ol) Example: Ethanol, the alcohol present in alcoholic beverage |  | 0 |
| 7308646533 | Carbonyl Group | Group Properties: sugars with ketone groups are called ketoses; those with aldehydes are called aldoses Compound Name: Ketone (carbonyl group is within a carbon skeleton) or aldehyde (carbonyl group is at the end of a carbon skeleton) Example: Acetone, the simplest ketone; Propanal, an aldehyde |  | 1 |
| 7308673132 | Carboxyl Group | Group Properties: Acts as an acid (can donate H+) because the covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen is so polar Compound name: Carboxylic acid or organic acid Example: Acetic acid, which gives vinegar its sour taste |  | 2 |
| 7308697264 | Amino Group | Group Properties: Acts as a base; can pick up an H+ from the surrounding solution (water, in living organisms) Compound name: Amine Example: Glycine, an amino acid |  | 3 |
| 7308698765 | Sulfhydryl Group | Group Properties: Two- SH groups can react, forming a "cross-link" that helps stabilize protien structure; hair protien cross-links maintain the straighteness or curliness of hair, in hair salons permanent treatments break cross-links then re-form them while the hair is in the desire shape Compound name: thiol Example: Cysteine, a sulfur-containing amino acid |  | 4 |
| 7308698766 | Phosphate Group | Group Properties: contributes negative charge (1- when positioned inside a chain of phosphates; 2- when at the end); when attached, confers on a molecule the ability to react with water, releasing energy Compound Name: organic phosphate Example: Glycerol Phosphate, which takes part in many important chemical reactions in cells |  | 5 |
| 7308700301 | Methyl Group | Group Properties: affects the expression of genes when on DNA or on protien bound to DNA; affects the shape and function of male and female sex hormones Compound Name: methylated compound Example: 5-methlcytosine, a component of DNA that has been modified by addition of a methyl group |  | 6 |
| 7308768306 | Ane | 1 | 7 | |
| 7308768324 | Ene | 2 | 8 | |
| 7308772737 | Yne | 3 | 9 | |
| 7308772738 | Meth | 1 | 10 | |
| 7308775025 | Eth | 2 | 11 | |
| 7308775026 | Prop | 3 | 12 | |
| 7308777138 | But | 4 | 13 | |
| 7308777139 | Pent | 5 | 14 | |
| 7308777704 | Hex | 6 | 15 |
