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AP Bio Functional Groups Flashcards

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4831412575Hydroxyl- Molecular Formula-OH0
4831414271Hydroxyl- Name Of CompoundAlcohols1
4831417200Hydroxyl- Example2
4831418250Hydroxyl- Useful InformationCan form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, helping dissolve organic compounds such as sugars3
4831419241Carboxyl - Name of CompoundCarboxylic acids4
4831424314Carboxyl- Example of Molecular Formula5
4831412359Carboxyl - Molecular Formula-COOH6
4831433452Carboxyl- Useful InfoHas acidic properties (is a source of hydrogen ions) because the covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen is so polar.7
4831443862Carbonyl - Name of CompoundsKetones: if the carbonyl is within a carbon skeleton. Aldehydes: if the carbonyl group is at the end of the carbon skeleton.8
4831447833Cabronyl - Useful InformationKetones and aldehydes can be be structural isomers of varying properties, i.e. acetone and propanol.9
4831433652Carbonyl - Molecular Formula>CO10
4831455628Carbonyl - Example of Molecular Formula11
4831450093Sulfhydryl - Name of CompoundThiols12
4831459028Sulfhydryl - Example13
4831480878Sulfhydryl - Useful InformationTwo sulfhydryl groups can react, forming a covalent bond. This "cross-linking" helps stabilize protein structure.14
4831443601Sulfhydryl - Molecular Formula-SH/HS-15
4831424047Amino-example16
4831450977Amino - Useful InformationActs as a base; can pick up an H+ from the surrounding solution (water in living organisms)17
4831453611Amino - Name of the organic compoundAmines18
4831471834Amino - Amino Formula-NH219
4831468444Phosphate- Molecular Formula-OPO3 2-20
4831500234Phosphate- Name of CompoundOrganic Phosphates21
4831500547Phosphate- Example22
4831501969Phosphate- Useful InformationHas the potential to react with water releasing energy23
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