Terms : Hide Images
| 5979418599 | Apoptosis | Programmed cell death to remove cells that have become harmful to the organism or are no longer needed. |  | 0 |
| 5979443438 | Allele | One of two or more alternative states of a gene. |  | 1 |
| 5979443439 | Bacteriophage | A virus that infects bacterial cells |  | 2 |
| 5979461386 | Chromatid | One of the two daughter strands of a duplicated chromosome; held together by a centromere |  | 3 |
| 5979461387 | Cytokinesis | Division of the cytoplasm of a cell after nuclear division; last part of the cell cycle. |  | 4 |
| 5979461388 | Crossing over | During meiosis I, an exchange of pieces of genetic material between homologous chromosomes; causes genetic recombination |  | 5 |
| 5979461389 | Codominance | When two or more alleles are equally represented in a heterozygote; example AB blood type. |  | 6 |
| 5979467530 | Codon | Three consecutive nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid |  | 7 |
| 5979467531 | Conjugation | Transfer of DNA from one unicellular organism to another |  | 8 |
| 5979467532 | CRISPR | A segment of bacterial DNA containing repeating nucleotide sequences that can be used in genetic engineering to alter an organism's DNA |  | 9 |
| 5979571963 | Diploid | Having two sets of chromosomes (2n); characteristic of non-gamete cells |  | 10 |
| 5979571964 | DNA Polymerase | Enzymes that synthesize DNA; only synthesize in the 5' to 3' direction |  | 11 |
| 5979789065 | DNA methylation | Addition of a methyl group (CH3) to the DNA strand resulting in a change in gene expression |  | 12 |
| 5979571965 | Epigenetics | The study of changes in an organism caused by gene expression rather than changes to the genetic code |  | 13 |
| 5979573580 | Epistasis | Interaction in which one gene modifies the phenotype of another. |  | 14 |
| 5979573581 | Frameshift Mutation | A mutation in which a nucleotide is added or deleted from DNA, creating a downstreaming effect on other codons. |  | 15 |
| 5979624593 | Gamete | A haploid reproductive cell (sperm/egg) |  | 16 |
| 5979624594 | Genotype | The genetic constitution that causes a trait or set of traits |  | 17 |
| 5979624595 | Gel Electrophoresis | A laboratory method that separates DNA, RNA, or proteins based on molecular size; used to show genetic relationships between organisms |  | 18 |
| 5979628523 | Haploid | Having only one set of chromosomes (n); such as in sex cells | | 19 |
| 5979628524 | Heterozygous | Having two different alleles of the same gene (ex. Tt) |  | 20 |
| 5979639261 | Homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a given gene (ex. TT or tt) |  | 21 |
| 5979681543 | Homologous Chromosomes | Two of the same chromosome found in a diploid cell, one being derived from each parent |  | 22 |
| 5979784212 | Interphase | The period between two mitotic divisions during which the cell grows and DNA replicates |  | 23 |
| 5979784213 | Incomplete Dominance | When two alleles are expressed to create a phenotype that blends both traits. |  | 24 |
| 5979871695 | Missense Mutation | A mutation in which one base is substituted, causing a change in one amino acid |  | 25 |
| 5979871696 | Mitosis | Division of somatic cells to create two identical daughter nuclei |  | 26 |
| 5979871697 | Meiosis | Division of gametes to create four unique, haploid cells |  | 27 |
| 5979873076 | Nondisjunction | When sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis, resulting in cells that have one too many or one too few chromosomes; can cause Down Syndrome |  | 28 |
| 5979875410 | Nucleotide | The building block of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA); composed of a phosphate, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base (A,T,C,or G). |  | 29 |
| 5979962087 | Okazaki Fragment | A short segment of DNA produced by the discontinuous replication of DNA in the 5' to 3' direction |  | 30 |
| 5979962088 | Operon | A cluster of genes transcribed together to create a single mRNA molecule |  | 31 |
| 5979962089 | Operator | A site on DNA that a repressor can bind to to prevent transcription of mRNA |  | 32 |
| 5979962090 | Phenotype | The physical appearance or functional expression of a trait |  | 33 |
| 5979964043 | Pleiotropy | When one allele has more than one effect on the production of a phenotype |  | 34 |
| 5979964044 | Promoter | A DNA sequence that RNA polymerase attaches to in order to begin transcription of a gene |  | 35 |
| 5979967590 | Point Mutation | A change in one nucleotide in a DNA molecule; can be missense (changes amino acid); nonsense (codes for Stop codon), or silent (no change in amino acid) |  | 36 |
| 5979970221 | Plasmid | A small circular fragment of bacterial DNA that can self-replicate independent of chromosomal DNA |  | 37 |
| 5979973120 | Prion | Infectious proteins that cause cell death; cause of Mad Cow disease |  | 38 |
| 5979973121 | PCR | A process which uses DNA polymerase to create millions of copies of a desired DNA sequence. |  | 39 |
| 5980117009 | RFLP's | Fragments of DNA with varying lengths that have been cut by restriction enzymes and can be separated by size during gel electrophoresis |  | 40 |
| 5980117010 | Restriction Enzymes | An enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides |  | 41 |
| 5980119679 | Recombinant DNA | Fragments of DNA from two different species, spliced together through genetic engineering. |  | 42 |
| 5980123104 | Regulator Gene | A gene that controls the expression of other genes |  | 43 |
| 5980123105 | Repressor | A protein that regulates DNA transcription by preventing RNA polymerase from attaching to the operator |  | 44 |
| 5980188004 | RNA Primer | A short sequence of RNA nucleotides used as the starting point for replication by DNA polymerase |  | 45 |
| 5980194060 | RNA Polymerase | An enzyme that synthesizes mRNA molecules based on a DNA template |  | 46 |
| 5980199088 | Retrovirus | A virus containing RNA instead of DNA, and an enzyme (reverse transcriptase), that uses the infected cell's machinery to build DNA |  | 47 |
| 5980188005 | Somatic Cell | Body cells; any cell of a multicellular organism except for gametes |  | 48 |
| 5980188006 | Semiconservative Replication | Each parent strand of DNA is paired with a strand of new DNA during replication. |  | 49 |
| 5980241763 | Transduction | The transfer of genetic material from one organism to another by way of a virus/vector |  | 50 |
| 5980241764 | Translation | The assembly of a protein from amino acids coded for by mRNA codons |  | 51 |
| 5980241765 | Transformation | The uptake of DNA from the environment; occurs in some bacterial species |  | 52 |
| 5980241766 | Transcription | Synthesis of an mRNA molecule based on a DNA template |  | 53 |
| 5980244034 | Telomere | A specialized region of DNA that caps each end of a chromosome |  | 54 |
