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AP Bio Macromolecules Flashcards

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14742593058MacromoleculesA very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules0
14742593059PolymerA long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.1
14742595808MonomerA simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers2
14742600778Carbohydratesthe starches and sugars present in foods3
147426021533 main types of carbohydratesmonosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides4
14742607842StarchA storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.5
14742608481CelluloseA substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many plant organisms6
14742609962LipidsEnergy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.7
14742611249Main types of lipidsNeutral fats or triglycerides Phospholipids Steroids8
14742613166fatty acidschains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms9
14742613862carboxyl groupA -COOH group, found in organic acids.10
14742618292Triglyceridesan energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.11
14742623419saturated fatsfats that are solid at room temperature, all carbons are single bonded12
14742625407unsaturated fatsliquid at room temperature, double bonds between carbon atoms.13
14742636351Phosopholipidsfound in cell membranes14
14742637085SteriodsSteroids are a class of lipids that have a basic structure of four linked carbon rings and include cholesterol, vitamin D, and a variety of hormones.15
14742638803ProteinsNutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues16
14742641353amino acidsbuilding blocks of proteins17
14742642529Peptide bonds form betweenan amino group and a carboxyl group18
14742645578nucleic acidsstore and transmit genetic information, DNA and RNA19
14742647734Nucleotides are composed of1. 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose) 2. 1 phosphate group 3. 1 nitrogenous (nitrogen containing) base20
14742649034Nitrogen bases in DNAAdenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine21
14742651174DNA structureDNA consists of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and joined by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases adenine and thymine or cytosine and guanine22
14742654456RNA structuresingle stranded A, U, C, G23

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