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| 7655909755 | signal transduction pathway | a sequence of molecular events and chemical reactions that lead to a cell's response to a signal, involves reception, transduction, and a response | 0 | |
| 7655909757 | specificity | many cells may be exposed to a signal, only those with the correct receptors will respond to the signal. | 1 | |
| 7655909762 | conformation change | A change in the shape of a receptor protein caused by binding of the ligand. | 2 | |
| 7655909765 | ligand | a signal molecule that bonds to a receptor that initiates a cellular response | 3 | |
| 7655909766 | ligand releases | results in the conclusion of a signal transmission | 4 | |
| 7655909767 | binding of ligand to receptor is reversible | non-covalent, binding is favored but it can be undone so that stimulation does not last forever | 5 | |
| 7655909768 | Step 1 | Reception: A ligand binds to a receptor protein | 6 | |
| 7655909772 | 3 kinds of plasma membrane receptors | 1.ion channel receptors 2. protein kinase receptors 3. g linked protein receptors | 7 | |
| 7655909773 | ion channel receptors | gated ion channels are opened by a conformation change. Ex. ligand gated calcium channels |  | 8 |
| 7655909774 | protein kinase receptor | receptors change shape upon binding., creating dimers that allow phosphorylation and in turn activates relay proteins. |  | 9 |
| 7655909775 | protein kinase | catalyzes the breakdown of ATP to ADP. The addition of the removed phosphate to a protein, activates the protein ATP + Protein ---> ADP + Phosphorylated protein | 10 | |
| 7655909776 | phosphorylation | adding/transferring a phosphate group to a molecule. Activates protein. Phosphorylated protein= active Dephosphorylated protein= inactive | 11 | |
| 7655909778 | g protein | A receptor protein with three polypeptide subunits that can bind to 1. the receptor 2. GDP.GTP 3. An effector protein |  | 12 |
| 7655909779 | effector/ accessory protein | a protein in a g protein linked receptor signal transduction that can cause an effect in the cell | 13 | |
| 7655909780 | amplification | One ligand binding can result in many signaling cascades within the cell. | 14 | |
| 7656071736 | protein phosphatase | Enzyme responsible for the removal of phosphate from an active protein. |  | 15 |
| 7656095058 | Step 2 | Transduction: a process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalysed by protein kinases, | 16 | |
| 7656120206 | Step 3 | Response: The final event occurring as a result of signal transduction. | 17 | |
| 7656127961 | secondary messenger | Released by the cell in response to binding of a ligand to a receptor. Messengers initiate components of intracellular signal transduction cascades. Examples: cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, inositol trisphosphate, diacylglycerol, and calcium. | 18 | |
| 7656146549 | signal cascade | A series of chemical reactions within the cell as a result of reception of an external stimulus. |  | 19 |
| 7656185342 | ATP | The source of phosphate in many signal pathways. Dephosphorylated molecule is ADP. | 20 | |
| 7656286292 | GTP | The source of phosphate in many signal pathways. Dephosphorylated molecule is GDP. | 21 | |
| 7656488058 | transcription | The initiation of the expression of a particular gene. Often the response of a cell to signal transduction. | 22 | |
| 7657677610 | protein kinase | a type of protein kinase responsible for phosphorylating proteins in RTKS. | 23 |
