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| 4785220327 | DNA | genetic material | 0 | |
| 4785220328 | genes | units of inheritance; encode the information necessary to build all the molecules synthesized within a cell; determines identity and function | 1 | |
| 4785225116 | genome | entire library of genetic instructions that an organism inherits | 2 | |
| 4785258390 | matter | anything that takes up space and has mass | 3 | |
| 4785258391 | element | substance that cannot be broken down to other substances | 4 | |
| 4785259800 | compound | substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio | 5 | |
| 4785267577 | O, C, H, N | What four elements make up 96% of all matter (abbreviate elements) | 6 | |
| 4785271124 | essential (elements) | organism's needs to live a healthy life and reproduce | 7 | |
| 4785277096 | energy | capacity to cause change | 8 | |
| 4785278934 | radioactive isotope | nucleus decays spontaneously giving off particles of energy | 9 | |
| 4785279988 | potential energy | energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure | 10 | |
| 4785281967 | chemical | Distribution of electrons in the atom's electron shells (valence electrons) determines ___________________ behavior of an atom | 11 | |
| 4785284560 | H-H | What is the structural formula of Hydrogen | 12 | |
| 4785285660 | O=O | What is the structural formula of Oxygen | 13 | |
| 4785286528 | H-O-H | What is the structural formula of Water | 14 | |
| 4785291073 | nonpolar covalent (because it is the same element & the electronegativity is the same so the electrons are shared equally) | What type of bond is O2 | 15 | |
| 4785293592 | electronegativity | atoms in a molecule attract shared electrons to varying degrees (depending on element); attraction of a particular atom for the electrons of a covalent bond | 16 | |
| 4785306256 | nonpolar covalent (bond) | TYPE OF BOND: between two atoms of the same element; electrons are shared equally because the two atoms have the same electronegativity | 17 | |
| 4785309483 | polar covalent (bond) | TYPE OF BOND: an atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom; the electrons of the bond are not shared equally | 18 | |
| 4785312231 | ionic (bond) | TYPE OF BOND: two atoms are so unequal in their attraction for valence electrons that the more electronegative atoms strips an electron completely away from its atom | 19 | |
| 4785337924 | hydrogen (bond) | TYPE OF BOND: non-covalent attraction between a hydrogen and an electronegative atom | 20 | |
| 4785340077 | covalent | What is the strongest bond | 21 | |
| 4785342159 | dynamic equillibrium | a state of balance between continuing processes. | 22 | |
| 4785349778 | polar molecule | unequal sharing of electrons | 23 | |
| 4785351656 | cohesion | hydrogen bonds hold the substance together (water-water) | 24 | |
| 4785351657 | adhesion | clinging of one substance to another (water-roots of leaves) | 25 | |
| 4785420415 | surface tension | measure of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid (related to cohesion) | 26 | |
| 4785353202 | calorie | the amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1°C | 27 | |
| 4785357202 | heat of vaporization | quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state | 28 | |
| 4785362301 | solvent | dissolving agent | 29 | |
| 4785362900 | solution | liquid that is completely homogenous (mixture of two or more substances) | 30 | |
| 4785372817 | solute | substance that is dissolved | 31 | |
| 4785374592 | polarity | Water is such a fine solvent because of its _________________. | 32 | |
| 4785375357 | hydrophilic | likes water; ionic; polar; can form hydrogen bonds | 33 | |
| 4785375966 | hydrophobic | dislikes water; nonionic; nonpolar; cannot form hydrogen bonds | 34 | |
| 4785378752 | H+ and OH- | What two ions form when water dissociates | 35 | |
| 4785379578 | acid | substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution | 36 | |
| 4785379579 | base | substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution | 37 | |
| 4785386083 | 4 | how many bonds can carbon form | 38 | |
| 4785391758 | hydrocarbon | organic molecules consisting of only hydrogen and carbon (Ex. butane, Butene, etc.) | 39 | |
| 4785402204 | functional group | chemical groups that affect molecular function by being directly involved in chemical directions | 40 | |
| 4785437757 | hydroxyl (group) |  | 41 | |
| 4785438905 | carbonyl (group) |  | 42 | |
| 4785453094 | carboxyl (group) |  | 43 | |
| 4785453095 | amine (group) |  | 44 | |
| 4785453796 | sulfhydryl (group) |  | 45 | |
| 4785453797 | phosphate (group) |  | 46 | |
| 4785453798 | methyl (group) |  | 47 | |
| 4787460086 | proteins, lipids, carbs, nucleic acids | Name the 4 large molecules of all living things | 48 | |
| 4787463127 | Carbs, proteins, nucleic acids | Name the 3 macromolecules | 49 | |
| 4787464267 | macromolecule | made up of a very large number of atoms | 50 | |
| 4787465343 | polymer | long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds | 51 | |
| 4787467015 | monomers | repeating units that serve as the building blocks of a polymer; smaller molecules | 52 | |
| 4787468109 | dehydration | Reaction that forms fatty acids | 53 | |
| 4787469977 | hydrolysis | bond between monomers is broken by the addition of water | 54 | |
| 4787473129 | hydrolysis | Large molecules (polymers) are converted to monomers in what type of reaction? | 55 | |
| 4787475503 | monosaccharides | What are the monomers of all carbohydrates? | 56 | |
| 4787477273 | carbonyl; hydroxyl | What are the 2 functional groups that all sugars have? | 57 | |
| 4787478900 | ketone | KETONE VS ALDEHYDE: carbonyl is within the carbon skeleton | 58 | |
| 4787480312 | aldehyde | KETONE VS ALDEHYDE: carbonyl is at the end of carbon skeleton | 59 | |
| 4787481141 | isomers | same molecular formulas but different structure | 60 | |
| 4787492289 | glycogen; cellulose | Name the 2 categories of polysaccharides | 61 | |
| 4787493495 | hydrophobic | What characteristics do all lipids share | 62 | |
| 4787499918 | glycerol; fatty acids | What are the 2 building blocks of fats? | 63 | |
| 4787503678 | saturated (fats) | Solid at room temperature; stack together; (Ex. lard; butter) | 64 | |
| 4787507322 | unsaturated (fats) | liquid at room temperature; double bonded; crooked; don't pack together; (Ex. plants; olive oil) | 65 | |
| 4787522919 | energy storage | major function of fats | 66 | |
| 4787522920 | r group | side chain; differs with each amino acid; variable group | 67 | |
| 4787524520 | 20 | How many different R groups are there? | 68 | |
| 4787527090 | peptide (bond) | TYPE OF BOND: a bond when two amino acids are positioned so that the carboxyl group of one is adjacent to the amino group of the other; become joined by a dehydration reaction with the removal of a water molecule | 69 | |
| 4787532579 | primary (structure) | WHAT STRUCTURE: sequence of amino acids | 70 | |
| 4787533634 | secondary (structure) | WHAT STRUCTURE: consists of coils and folds; alpha helices and beta pleated sheets | 71 | |
| 4787536580 | tertiary (structure) | WHAT STRUCTURE: r groups; covalent bond; ionic bond; hydrogen bond; hydrophobic amino acids | 72 | |
| 4787537992 | quaternary (structure) | WHAT STRUCTURE: multiple polypeptide chains | 73 | |
| 4787540496 | denaturation | loss of a protein's native structure; becomes inactive; unraveling of a structure | 74 | |
| 4787560273 | atom | smallest units that retain the properties of a given element | 75 | |
| 4787561548 | protons | positively charged subatomic particles within the nucleus | 76 | |
| 4787563228 | trace element | chemical elements representing less than 0.01% of body weight | 77 | |
| 4787567816 | neutrons | subatomic particles within the nucleus carrying no charge | 78 | |
| 4787569552 | electrons | subatomic particles with a negative charge | 79 | |
| 4787569553 | isotope | atoms of a given element that differ in the number of neutrons | 80 | |
| 4787573567 | atomic number | number of protons within an atom | 81 | |
| 4787573568 | mass number | number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of one atom | 82 | |
| 4787580118 | elements | fundamental forms of matter that occupy space, have mass, and cannot be broken down into something else | 83 | |
| 4787584229 | tracer | a compound that has a radioisotope attached that is used to determine the pathway or destination of a substance | 84 | |
| 4787602581 | mixture | two or more elements that may combine in various proportions | 85 | |
| 4787603635 | orbitals | regions of space around an atom's nucleus where electrons are likely to be at any one instant | 86 | |
| 4787603636 | chemical bond | union between the electron structures of atoms | 87 | |
| 4787603637 | compounds | types of molecules composed of two or more different elements in proportions that never vary | 88 | |
| 4787604555 | molecule | results when two or more atoms bond together | 89 | |
| 4787632791 | equation | The expression 12H2O + 6CO2 6O2 + C6H12O6 + H2O is known as the chemical ________________ for photosynthesis | 90 | |
| 4787646314 | formula | H2O is the ______________ for water | 91 | |
| 4787647559 | reactants | The ______________ are to the left of the reaction arrow | 92 | |
| 4787647560 | products | The _____________ are to the right of the reaction arrow | 93 | |
| 4787647561 | six | In the expression, one can count six carbon atoms on the left side of the arrow, so one should be able to count _________ carbon atoms on the right side of the arrow. | 94 | |
| 4787647562 | compound | Since water always consists of a ratio of two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom, it is called a ______________. | 95 | |
| 4787647563 | mixture | in a _____________, the components may vary in their proportions | 96 | |
| 4787675141 | polarity | The _____________ of water molecules allows them to hydrogen-bond with each other | 97 | |
| 4787675142 | hydrophilic | Water molecules hydrogen-bond with polar molecules, which are ________________ substances | 98 | |
| 4787675143 | hydrophobic | Polarity causes water to repel oil and other nonpolar substances, which are _______________. | 99 | |
| 4787675145 | hydrogen | Liquid water changes its temperature more slowly than air because of the great amount of heat required to break the high number of ____________ bonds between water molecules | 100 | |
| 4787676226 | ice | Below 0o C, water molecules become locked in the lattice like bonding pattern of _____________ which is less dense than water | 101 | |
| 4787676227 | cohesion | Collective hydrogen bonding creates a high tension on surface water molecules, resulting in _____________, the property of water that explains how long, narrow water columns rise to the tops of all trees | 102 | |
| 4787676228 | solvent | Water is an excellent ______________, in which ions and polar molecules readily dissolve | 103 | |
| 4787717347 | 10 | If neon has an atomic number of 10 and an atomic mass of 20, it has _________ neutrons. | 104 | |
| 4787730484 | buffer | a control that minimizes unsuitable pH shifts is a ____________ | 105 | |
| 4787733126 | temperature | _______________-stabilizing is a property of water that protects aquatic organisms during a long, cold winter | 106 | |
| 4787744945 | antiparallel | two sugar phosphate backbones that run in opposite 5-3 direction | 107 | |
| 4787750917 | glucose | Formula for _____________ is C6 H12 O6 | 108 | |
| 4787752359 | cis | when carbon is on the same level of a molecule | 109 | |
| 4787752675 | trans | when carbon is placed diagonally in a molecule | 110 | |
| 4787759042 | lipids | function of cell membrane; storage of energy; not truly a macromolecule because it doesn't follow a pattern | 111 | |
| 4787762785 | simple sugars | What are the monomers of carbohydrates | 112 | |
| 4787764033 | nothing | What are the monomers of fatty acids? | 113 | |
| 4787848653 | polypeptides | unbranched polymers from 20 amino acids | 114 | |
| 4787855379 | acid | ACID OR BASE: loses the H | 115 |
