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| 4962134145 | Prokaryotes | -DNA but no envelope (chromosomes in nucleoid) -no specialized organelles -unicellular -have cell walls and cell membranes -microscopic -bacteria and archaebacteria -have much less DNA than eukaryotes -short generation time--evolve quickly | 0 | |
| 4962405882 | Fibria | allow prokaryotes to stick to host cell or other individuals in a colony | 1 | |
| 4962410874 | Pilus | used in conjugation to connect two bacterial cells | 2 | |
| 4962413874 | Taxis | movement either towards or away from a stimulus | 3 | |
| 4962420692 | Flagellum | allow bacterial cells to move; consists of motor and hook | 4 | |
| 4962422300 | Endospore | created in harsh conditions -contains the DNA from a bacterial cell (only the important stuff) -can sit dormant for a while before it gets activated again and becomes a full cell | 5 | |
| 4962436839 | Binary Fission | the process by which prokaryotes asexually reproduce 1. DNA is replicated 2. Cell split in half 3. 2 daughter cells are produced (identical to parent cell) | 6 | |
| 4962453839 | Genetic Recombination | the combining of DNA from two sources -genetic variation comes this ((mutations)) -is NOT cell reproduction like binary fission -prokaryotic DNA is brought together through transformation, transduction and conjugation | 7 | |
| 4962461765 | Transformation | when a prokaryotic cell takes up and incorporates foreign DNA from the surrounding environment | 8 | |
| 4962466377 | Transduction | the movement of genes between bacteria cells through bacteriophages -bacteriophage delivers bacteria's DNA and the ending recombinant DNA is original bacteria's DNA + ending bacteria's DNA 1. Virus inserts its DNA into original bacterial cell--viral and bacterial DNA will mix 2. Lytic or lysogenic cycle will take place--with lytic cycle, new viruses with bacterial DNA will exit original bacterial cell 3. New virus injects the V/B DNA into ending bacterial cell 4. That ending bacterial cell will have original bacterial cell's DNA (plus some viral DNA) | 9 | |
| 4962521856 | Conjugation | the process by which genetic material is transferred between prokaryotic cells -donor cell attaches to recipient by a pilus, pulls it closer and transfers DNA | 10 | |
| 4962543329 | F-Factor | a piece of DNA necessary for the production of a pilus -can come in two forms: in the plasmid or in the chromosomal DNA | 11 | |
| 4962547907 | F-Factor in Plasmid | -cells w/ f plasmid function as donors during conjugation -f factor is transferable during conjugation--both cells end up f positive -the recipient has its own chromosomal DNA plus the donor's plasmid -F POSITIVE | 12 | |
| 4962558576 | F-Factor in Chromosomes | -cells w/ f factor built into chromosomes act as donors during conjugation -the recipient becomes a recombinant bacterium with chromosomal from itself and the donor -F NEGATIVE but Hfr POSITIVE |  | 13 |
| 4962595312 | R Plasmid | carries genes for antibiotic resistance -resistance is always on the plasmid -r plasmid can be passed onto other cells through reproduction -antibiotics kill sensitive bacteria but cannot kill bacteria with specific R plasmids -fraction of bacteria with genes for resistance increases in a population exposed to antibiotics | 14 | |
| 4962643931 | Bacteria | -most common shapes: spheres, rods and spirals -shape and whether gram-positive or negative determines what kind of bacteria it is -reproduce through binary fission | 15 | |
| 4962656563 | Capsule | protects bacterial cell and helps the cell attach to other cells and surfaces -polysaccharide or protein layer -not in all bacterial cells -why they are so hard to kill | 16 | |
| 4962666912 | Cell Wall | protects the cell and gives it the shape -made of peptidoglycan -on the outer side of cell | 17 | |
| 4962672301 | Peptidoglycan | what makes up bacterial cell walls; network of sugar polymers cross-linked by polypeptides -amino acids and carbohydrates | 18 | |
| 4962677963 | Cell Membrane | regulates the types of molecules that move into and out of the cell -on inner side of cell | 19 | |
| 4962679908 | Cytoplasm | contains bacterial DNA, ribosomes | 20 | |
| 4962682253 | Plasmid | carries genes that are transferred through genetic recombination; circular loop of DNA -not located in nucleoid region | 21 | |
| 4962699503 | Gram-Positive Bacteria | have simpler walls with a large amount of peptidoglycan -peptidoglycan is outside layer |  | 22 |
| 4962706617 | Gram-Negative Bacteria | have less peptidoglycan and an outer membrane that can be toxic -2 phospholipid bilayers with peptidoglycan layer in the middle (harder to reach--more likely to be antibiotic resistant) | 23 | |
| 4962712680 | Phototroph | derives energy from light | 24 | |
| 4962714399 | Chemotroph | derives energy from chemicals | 25 | |
| 4962714400 | Autotroph | require carbon dioxide as a carbon source | 26 | |
| 4962717391 | Heterotroph | require an organic nutrient to make organic compounds | 27 | |
| 4962720034 | Pathology | study of disease -pathogens are bacteria or viruses that cause disease | 28 | |
| 4962722530 | Exotoxins | gram-positive based ex. tetanus | 29 | |
| 4962724595 | Endotoxins | gram-negative; lipid and carbohydrates based ex. E. coli | 30 | |
| 4962729672 | Antibiotics | drugs that combat bacteria | 31 |
