Terms : Hide Images
| 5265491138 | ionic bond | bond resulting from a transfer of electrons |  | 0 |
| 5265491139 | covalent bond | bond resulting from the sharing of electrons |  | 1 |
| 5265491140 | nonpolar | electrons shared equally |  | 2 |
| 5265491141 | polar | electrons shared unequally |  | 3 |
| 5265491142 | buffer | substance that resists changes in pH | 4 | |
| 5265491147 | monosaccharide | C6H12O6 simple sugar; glucose, galactose, and fructose |  | 5 |
| 5265491148 | disaccharide | two monosaccharides joined together; C12H22O1; maltose, lactose, and sucrose |  | 6 |
| 5265491149 | dehydration synthesis | condensation; joining compounds together with water released |  | 7 |
| 5265491150 | hydrolysis | breakdown of a compound by adding water |  | 8 |
| 5265491151 | polysaccharide | polymers of carbohydrates |  | 9 |
| 5265491152 | cellulose | structural polysaccharide that makes up plant cell walls |  | 10 |
| 5265491153 | starch | storage polysaccharide found in plants |  | 11 |
| 5265491154 | glycerol | alcohol portion of a lipid |  | 12 |
| 5265491155 | fatty acid | hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end; majority portion in lipids |  | 13 |
| 5265491156 | saturated fat | fat without double bonds |  | 14 |
| 5265491157 | unsaturated fat | fat with double bonds |  | 15 |
| 5265491158 | steroid | lipid with a four fused ring structure; cholesterol and testosterone |  | 16 |
| 5265491159 | peptide bond | bond creating amino acid chains or polymers |  | 17 |
| 5265491160 | primary structure | linear sequence of amino acids; peptide bonds |  | 18 |
| 5265491161 | secondary structure | protein formed with hydrogen bonds |  | 19 |
| 5265491162 | tertiary structure | 3D conformation formed; determines specificity |  | 20 |
| 5265491163 | quaternary structure | protein with more than one polypeptide chain |  | 21 |
| 5265491164 | alpha helix | secondary structure form of a protein; human hair (keratin) |  | 22 |
| 5265491165 | beta pleated sheet | secondary structure form of a protein; spider webs and silk |  | 23 |
| 5265491166 | functional group | components of organic molecules most often involved in chemical reactions | 24 | |
| 5265491167 | cohesion | capacity to resist tension to rupture |  | 25 |
| 5265491169 | chemical equilibrium | when the reaction rate is about the same in either direction | 26 | |
| 5265491170 | polymer | long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together |  | 27 |
| 5265491171 | monomer | building block for polymers; only made by producers | | 28 |
| 5265491172 | adhesion | attraction between different kinds of molecules | | 29 |
| 5265491173 | surface tension | measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid |  | 30 |
| 5265491175 | evaporative cooling / heat of vaporization | property of a liquid where the surface becomes cooler during evaporation due to the loss of molecules |  | 31 |
| 5265491177 | hydrophobic interaction | tertiary structure; weak chemical bond formed when molecules that do not mix with water change to exclude the water |  | 32 |
| 5265491178 | hydrocarbon | organic molecule consisting of only hydrogen and carbon |  | 33 |
| 5265491179 | macromolecule | giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules |  | 34 |
| 5265491181 | nucleotide | building block of a nucleic acid; five carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogen base and a phosphate group |  | 35 |
| 5265491184 | hydroxyl | hydrogen bonded to oxygen bonded to an organic molecule's carbon skeleton; alcohol; polar |  | 36 |
| 5265491185 | carbonyl | carbon double bonded to oxygen; ketones and aldehydes |  | 37 |
| 5265491186 | carboxyl | oxygen double bonded to a carbon atom that is bonded to a hydroxyl group |  | 38 |
| 5265491187 | amine | nitrogen bonded to two hydrogens and to the carbon skeleton |  | 39 |
| 5265491188 | sulfhydryl | sulfur bonded to hydrogen in roughly the shape of a hydroxyl; cysteine |  | 40 |
| 5265491189 | phosphate | phosphorous bonded to four oxygens, two have negative charges, one is bonded to the carbon skeleton; phospholipid |  | 41 |
| 5265491190 | methyl | carbon bonded to three hydrogens; arrangement determines function of male and female sex hormones |  | 42 |
| 5265519278 | universal solvent | a property of water; most solutes dissolve in water |  | 43 |
| 5265535055 | water as a solid | less dense; molecules spread out and become equally spaced; allows life to exist in lakes and ponds during winter months |  | 44 |
| 5265549133 | Stanley Miller | Recreated the conditions of primitive earth and was able to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic molecules |  | 45 |
| 5265567451 | phospholipid | a lipid molecule that consists of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail; makes up the cell membrane of a cells |  | 46 |
| 5265582961 | amino acids | monomer that makes up proteins (polypeptides) |  | 47 |
| 5265592207 | catalyst | molecule that speeds up a chemical reaction |  | 48 |
| 5265606801 | enzyme | is a protein molecule that catalyzes chemical reactions; used in dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis |  | 49 |
| 5265618487 | denature | the shape of an enzyme is altered due to extreme temperature or a change in the pH; changing the shape make the enzyme less effective |  | 50 |
| 5265638410 | substrate | the molecule that an enzyme acts on; smaller than the enzyme; is either hydrolyzed or used to synthesize a larger molecule |  | 51 |
| 5265653520 | active site | the area on the enzyme where the substrate will come in contact with it; shape specific |  | 52 |
| 5265671317 | What is the effect of temperature on enzyme activity? | As the optimum temperature is reached, the enzyme activity increases and peaks; activity will decrease if the temperature continues to rise |  | 53 |
| 5265686483 | What is the effect of a changing pH on enzyme activity? | Enzymes work best at their optimum pH; this optimum pH will vary in different locations of the body (stomach optimum pH is 2; the small intestine is pH 8) | 54 | |
| 5265708076 | What is the effect of enzyme concentration on enzyme activity? | If the enzyme concentration increases, the rate of reaction will increase. | 55 | |
| 5265725111 | What is the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity? | As the substrate concentration increases, the enzyme activity will increase but then level off. |  | 56 |
| 5265737659 | catalase | an enzyme found in living cells; used to break down hydrogen peroxide |  | 57 |
