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| 5993823100 | Word Roots: -lysis | split (glycolysis: the splitting of glucose into pyruvate) | 0 | |
| 5993823101 | proton charge | +1, | 1 | |
| 5993823102 | proton mass in amu. | 1 | 2 | |
| 5993823103 | electron charge | -1 | 3 | |
| 5993823104 | neutron charge | 0 | 4 | |
| 5993823105 | proton location | nucleus | 5 | |
| 5993823106 | neutron location | nucleus | 6 | |
| 5993823107 | electron location | outside nucleus in orbitals | 7 | |
| 5993823108 | electron mass in amu. | 0 | 8 | |
| 5993823109 | neutron mass in amu. | 1 | 9 | |
| 5993823110 | isotopes | atoms of one element that vary only in amount of neutrons. chemically identical. | 10 | |
| 5993823111 | ionic bonds | transfer of electrons | 11 | |
| 5993823112 | Anion | an atom that gains electrons (negative ion) | 12 | |
| 5993823113 | Cation | an atom that loses an electron (positive ion) | 13 | |
| 5993823114 | covalent bonds | atoms share electrons, creating a molecule | 14 | |
| 5993823115 | single covalent bond | two atoms share a pair of electrons | 15 | |
| 5993823116 | non-polar bond | electrons are shared equally between two identical atoms. H-H. will not dissolve in water | 16 | |
| 5993823117 | polar bond | atoms are shared unequally. C-H. will dissolve in water polar bond does not necessarily equal polar molecule | 17 | |
| 5993823118 | specific heat | the amount of heat a substance must absorb to increase 1 gram of the substance by 1C | 18 | |
| 5993823119 | bicarbonate ion | blood buffer | 19 | |
| 5993823120 | universal solvent | water | 20 | |
| 5993823121 | organic compound | a compound that contains carbon | 21 | |
| 5993823122 | carbon | always forms 4 covalent bonds with carbon atoms as well as to atoms of many other elements | 22 | |
| 5993823123 | major classes of organic compounds | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids | 23 | |
| 5993823124 | ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in a carbohydrate | 2/1 | 24 | |
| 5993823125 | empirical formula for all carbs | Cm(H2O)n | 25 | |
| 5993823126 | three classes of carbs | monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. | 26 | |
| 5993823127 | monosaccharides | chemical formula: C6 H12 O6. Glucose, galactose, and fructose (isomers of one another). | 27 | |
| 5993823128 | disaccharides | chem formula: C12 H22 O11. consist of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis/condensation (removal of one molecule of water) | 28 | |
| 5993823129 | hydrolysis | breakdown of a compound. reverse of dehydration synthesis | 29 | |
| 5993823130 | sucrose + water --> glucose + fructose | hydrolysis | 30 | |
| 5993823131 | polysaccharides | polymers of carbohydrates and are formed as many monos. join via dehydration synthesis. | 31 | |
| 5993823132 | five important polysaccharides | cellulose, starch, chitin, glycogen, peptidoglycan | 32 | |
| 5993823133 | chitin | important polysaccharide, found in animals. makes up exoskeleton in arthropods (and cell walls in mushrooms) Contains peptide cross bridges. | 33 | |
| 5993823134 | glycogen | important polysaccharide, "animal starch". stored in liver and skeletal muscle in humans. | 34 | |
| 5993823135 | lipids | functions: energy storage, structure, and endocrine. organic compouds: fats, oils, waxes, and steroids. hydrophobic. consist of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids. | 35 | |
| 5993823136 | glycerol | a trihydoroxy alcohol | 36 | |
| 5993823137 | fatty acid | a longnhydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end. either saturated or unsaturated |  | 37 |
| 5993823138 | steroids | lipid based hormones ex: testosterone, cholesterol, and estradiol. | 38 | |
| 5993823139 | saturated fats | generally come from animals, solid at room temp, linked to heart disease. ex: butter! |  | 39 |
| 5993823140 | proteins | enzymes, most hormones, antibodies, structural, pigments etc.... | 40 | |
| 5993823141 | -OH | hydroxyl group | 41 | |
| 5993823142 | -COOH | carboxyl |  | 42 |
| 5993823143 | -NH2 | amino |  | 43 |
| 5993823144 | PO4-2 | phosphate group |  | 44 |
| 5993823145 | dipeptide | a molecule consisting of tow amino acids connected by one peptide bond | 45 | |
| 5993823146 | nucleic acid | either RNA or DNA. polymers, carry all heriditary info. made of nucleotides. | 46 | |
| 5993823147 | nucleic acid make-up | a phosphate, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base | 47 | |
| 5993823148 | kinetic energy | The energy of motion; the energy of a mass of matter that is moving. Moving matter does work by imparting motion to other matter. | 48 | |
| 5993823149 | potential energy | The energy that matter possesses because of its location or arrangement. Water behind a dam and chemical bonds possess potential energy. | 49 | |
| 5993823150 | cholesterol | lipid used as the base for many steroids | 50 | |
| 5993823151 | Phospholipids in Cell Membranes | A phosphate group (PO4-) replaces one of the three fatty acids normally found on a lipid. The addition of this group makes a polar "head" and two nonpolar "tails". Aligned tail to tail so the nonpolar areas form a hydrophobic region between the hydrophilic heads on the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane. | 51 | |
| 5993823152 | adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | main energy source for cells | 52 | |
| 5993823153 | Glycosidic linkage | The bond between to monosaccharides to form a disaccharide | 53 | |
| 5993823154 | Peptide bond | The bond between two amino acids | 54 | |
| 5993823155 | Condensation Reaction | another name for Dehydration Synthesis | 55 | |
| 5993823156 | amino acid | Building blocks of protein (monomer) |  | 56 |
| 5993823157 | amine group | the nitrogen-containing portion of an amino acid -NH2 | | 57 |
| 5993823158 | carboxyl group | A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group -COOH | | 58 |
| 5993823159 | R group | Amino acid side chain- different for each amino acid | | 59 |
| 5993823160 | peptide bond | The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid |  | 60 |
| 5993823161 | dipeptide | Two amino acids bonded together | | 61 |
| 5993823162 | condensation reaction | A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a water |  | 62 |
| 5993823163 | hydrolysis | Breaking down molecules by the chemical addition of water |  | 63 |
| 5993823164 | primary structure | The specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain. |  | 64 |
| 5993823165 | secondary structure | level of protein structure consisting of beta pleated sheets and alpha helices. Caused by Ionic and Hydrogen bonding between adjacent amino acids |  | 65 |
| 5993823166 | tertiary structure | 3D shape of single polypeptide using hydrogen bonding, ioning bonding and disulfide bridges |  | 66 |
| 5993823167 | quaternary structure | The shape resulting from the association of two or more polypeptide subunits. |  | 67 |
| 5993823168 | Phospholipid | One phosphate replaces a fatty acid to make a polar end to the molecule |  | 68 |
| 5993823169 | Phosphodiester bond | the bond between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the Sugar of another | 69 | |
| 5993823170 | Specific Heat | The amount of heat required to raise the temp of 1 gram of water(l) by 1 degree Celsius | 70 | |
| 5993823171 | Allosteric Inhibition |  | 71 | |
| 5993823172 | Competitive inhibition |  | 72 | |
| 5993823173 | Surface Tension | on the surface of water, the result of Hydrogen bonding | 73 | |
| 5993823174 | Capillary action | the result of adhesion and cohesion, it is the rising of water in a thin tube. | 74 | |
| 5993823175 | Sulfhydryl group | this functional group is found in amino acids they form disulfide bridges in proteins |  | 75 |
